爱华网在机械领域里,机械专业英语的特点是专业性强、范围广,重视逻辑性和条理性,因此,翻译机械专业英语工作对翻译者的翻译技能的要求也越来越高。下面是小编带来的机械专业英语文章，欢迎阅读!
机械专业英语文章
Drilling and Drills
钻削和钻头
Drilling involves producing through or blind holes in a workpiece by forcing a tool, which rotates around its axis, against the workpiece.
钻削就是通过迫使绕自身轴线旋转的切削刀具进入工件而在其上生成通孔或盲孔。
Consequently, the range of cutting from that axis of rotation is equal to the radius of the required hole. In practice, two symmetrical cutting edges that rotate about the same axis are employed.
因此从旋转轴线开始的切削范围等于所需孔的半径。实际上使用的是两条围绕相同轴线旋转的对称切削刃。
Drilling operations can be carried out by using either hand drills or drilling machines. The latter differ in size and construction. Nevertheless, the tool always rotates around its axis while the workpiece is kept firmly fixed. This is contrary to drilling on a lathe.
钻削作业既能采用手钻也能采用钻床来实现。钻床在尺寸和结构上虽有差别?然而始终都是切削刀具围绕自身轴线旋转、工件稳固定位的形式。这正好与在车床上钻孔相反。
机械专业英语文章Twist drill. The twist drill is the most common type of drill. It has two cutting edges and two helical flutes that continue over the length of the drill body, as shown in Fig.12.1. The drill also consists of a neck and a shank that can be either straight or tapered.
麻花钻。麻花钻是最常用的钻头类型。它有两条切削刃和两条沿钻头体全长连续的螺旋状出屑槽如图12.1所示。麻花钻还包括钻颈和钻柄钻柄可以是直的也可以是锥形的。
In the latter case, the shank is fitted by the wedge action into the tapered socket of the spindle and has a tang, which goes into a slot in the spindle socket, thus acting as a solid means for transmitting rotation.
锥形钻柄通过楔入动作安装在主轴的锥形轴孔中钻柄上还有柄舌插入主轴轴孔中的插槽从而作为传递转动的可靠方法。
On the other hand, straight-shank drills are held in a drill chuck that is, in turn, fitted into the spindle socket in the same way as tapered shank drills.
另一方面直柄钻头用钻头卡盘夹住接下来钻头卡盘则象锥形钻柄钻头一样安装在主轴轴孔内。
As can be seen in Fig.12.1, the two cutting edges are referred to as the lips, and are connected together by a wedge, which is a chisel-like edge. The twist drill also has two margins, which enable proper guidance and locating of the drill while it is in operation.
如图12.1所示两条切削刃就是钻唇通过凿子状边缘的楔形体连在一起。麻花钻还有两条导向边用于作业中钻头的正确导向和定位。
The tool point angle (TPA) is formed by the two lips and is chosen based on the properties of the material to be cut. The usual TPA for commercial drills is 118°, which is appropriate for drilling low-carbon steels and cast irons.
两条钻唇形成钻顶角并根据被钻削材料的性能来选取其大小。商品化钻头的钻顶角一般为118°这适用于钻削低碳钢和铸铁。
For harder and tougher metals, such as hardened steel, brass and bronze, larger TPAs (130°or 140°) give better performance. The helix angle of the flutes of the commonly used twist drills ranges between 24°and 30°. When drilling copper or soft plastics, higher values for the helix angle are recommended (between 35°and 45°).
对于更硬更韧的金属诸如淬火钢、黄铜和青铜更大的钻顶角(130°或140°)才能有更好的效果。麻花钻常用的出屑槽螺旋角范围为24°到 30°。钻削紫铜或软塑料时推荐采用更大的螺旋角(35°到45°)。
Twist drills are usually made of high-speed steel, although carbide-tipped drills are also available. The sizes of twist drills used in industrial practice range from 0.01 up to 3.25 in. (0.25 up to 80 mm).
虽然也有硬质合金刀尖的钻头麻花钻一般用高速钢制成。工业实际中使用的麻花钻尺寸范围为0.01到3.25英寸(即0.25到80毫米)。
机械专业英语文章Core drills. A core drill consists of the chamfer, body, neck, and shank, as shown in Fig.12.2. This type of drill may have either three or four flutes and equal number of margins, which ensure superior guidance, thus resulting in high machining accuracy.
空心钻 空心钻包括斜面、钻头体、钻颈和钻柄 如图12.2所示。这类钻头可以有三条或四条出屑槽及相同数量的保证良好导向的导向边 这样使得加工有高精度。
It can also be seen in Fig.12.2 that a core drill has flat end. The chamfer can have three or four cutting edges or lips, and the lip angle may vary between 90°and 120°.
在图12.2中同样能看到 空心钻具有平坦的端部。斜面可以有三或四条切削刃或钻唇 并且钻唇角可以在90°到120°之间变化。
Core drills are employed for enlarging previously made holes and not for originating holes. This type of drill is characterized by greater productivity, high machining accuracy, and superior quality of the drilled surfaces.
空心钻用于扩大已有的孔而不是打孔。这类钻头具有较大生产率、高加工精度和优良钻削表面质量的特性。
机械专业英语文章Gun drills. Gun drills are used for drilling deep holes. All gun drills are straight-fluted, and each has a single cutting edge. A hole in the body acts as a conduit to transmit coolant under considerable pressure to the tip of the drill.
深孔钻。深孔钻用于钻深孔。所有深孔钻都是直出屑槽的并且均为单切削刃。钻头体中有个孔作为导管在相当大的压力下将冷却液传送到钻头顶端。
There are two kinds of gun drills, namely, the center-cut gun drill used for drilling blind holes and the trepanning drill. The latter has a cylindrical groove at its center, thus generating a solid core, which guides the tool as it proceeds during the drilling operation.
深孔钻有两种类型?即用于钻盲孔的中心切削深孔钻和套孔钻。后者在其中心有一圆 柱形沟槽?这样能生成整体芯在钻孔作业过程中引导钻头。
