中国是茶的故乡,是茶的原产地,在我国,茶被誉为"国饮"。下面是小编精心为你整理的茶文化的英文介绍,一起来看看。
茶文化的英文介绍
Most Chinese people like tea and Chinese people are the first people in the world who have tea.
大多数中国人都喜欢喝茶,中国人是世界上最早饮用茶的人。
And we have a recorded history of tea of three thousand years.
茶在中国有记载的历史已经有三千多年了。
And one thousand and two hundred years ago, a man named Lu Yu wrote a book which is called “Cha Jing”, means “the Bible of Tea”.
大约一千两百年以前,有一个叫陆羽的人,专门写了一本《茶经》。
And this is the very first book on tea in the world.
这是世界上第一本关于茶的书。
The book offers a detailed explanation of the original tea, tools for picking and manufacturing tea, types and verification of tea, tea wares for brewing and drinking, history and method of tea drinking, as well as tea producing districts and their rankings. 这本书详细介绍了茶的起源,采茶、制茶的工具,茶的种类和鉴定,煮茶、饮茶的器皿,饮茶风俗的历史演变,茶叶的产地和品质等等。
China now boasts a sophisticated tea culture, which goes far beyond tea itself.
中国的茶文化非常复杂,比茶本身还要复杂。
Tea comes in various types.
茶的种类很多。
It is most commonly classified according to its processing method.
现在最常见的分类是按照茶的加工方法来分。
Fully fermented tea is called red tea, although it is known as black tea among westerners.
经过全发酵的茶是红茶,但是西方人却把它叫做black tea(黑茶)
Unfermented tea is called green tea and the leaves remain all of green.
不经过发酵的,仍保持原色的是绿茶。
Half fermented tea is called Wulong tea.
半发酵的是乌龙茶。
And the scented tea, which smells like flowers, is made by mixing green tea with flower petals through an elaborate process.
把花瓣同茶叶混合在一起薰制的茶叫花茶、
Take green tea for instance, the ideal temperature of the water should be around 80 degree Celsius.
以绿茶为例,沏茶用的水最佳温度是摄氏八十度左右。
If the water is too hot, nutrients in the tea will be destroyed and the tea will taste badly.
如果水温过高,茶中的营养物质就会被破坏,茶水也很难喝。
On the other hand, if the water is tempered, the tea leaves wouldn’t open up and you will miss the brisk flavor.
相反如果水温不够,茶叶泡不开,茶中的营养物质解析不出来,/您现在阅读的内容来自“李晨老师教英文”公众号/ 就喝不到茶的香味。
In addition, water is another important element. Water from springs, rivers, lakes and wells will result in different flavors.
此外,水的来源也非常重要,泉水、河水、湖水、井水等等,不同的水质都会影响茶的口感。
Chinese people are most accustomed to drinking hot tea.
中国人喝茶习惯要喝热的。
Many tea experts say that once tea cools off, its nutrients disappear and it’s no longer good for your health.
一些专家认为,茶凉了以后,不但茶的精华消失了,/您现在阅读的内容来自“李晨老师教英文”公众号/ 而且对人的身体也不利。
So when you go visit a Chinese friend’s house, you will most likely to receive a cup of hot tea.
因此如果你到中国朋友家做客,他们一定会用热茶来招待你。
And you will find that as you stay and talk, your friend will continually add hot water to your emptying cup of tea.
而且在聊天的过程中,他们还会不断地为你喝空了的杯子添热水。
Or else, they will just throw up the cold tea and give you some new tea.
或者把凉了的茶倒掉,再为你加上新的热茶。
Talking about adding water to the tea cup, we have a saying in Chinese which is “Jiu Man Cha Ban”: Liquor or wine full, full cup. Tea half, half cup.
说起倒茶,中国有句俗话,叫做“酒满茶半”,意思是倒酒时要把杯子倒满,而倒茶时不要倒太满。
Well, they mean something good.
两种方式都表示好意。
For liquor, full cup symbolizes whole heartiness, very sincere.
酒倒满杯表示全心全意。
For tea, half, it means modest.
茶倒半杯表示虚心诚恳。
So we have different ways of giving water to the cup of tea or giving one a liquor to friends.
我们给朋友倒茶和倒酒时,礼节是不同的。
我国的基本茶类
绿茶——我国产量最多的一类茶叶,其花色品种之多居世界首位。绿茶具有香高、味醇、形美、耐冲泡等特点。其制作工艺都经过杀青一揉捻一干燥的过程。由于加工时干燥的方法不同,绿茶又可分为炒青绿茶(龙井)、烘青绿茶(黄山毛峰)、蒸青绿茶(恩施玉露)和晒清绿茶(滇绿)。
绿茶是我国产量最多的一类茶叶,全国18个产茶省(区)都生产绿茶。我国绿茶花色品种之多居世界之首,每年出口数万吨,占世界茶叶市场绿茶贸易量的70%左右。我国传统绿茶--眉茶和珠茶,向以香高、味醇、形美、耐冲泡,而深受国内外消费者的欢迎。
红茶——红茶与绿茶的区别,在于加工方法不同。红茶加工时不经杀青,而且萎凋,使鲜叶失去一部分水分,再揉捻(揉搓成条或切成颗粒),然后发酵,使所含的茶多酚氧化,变成红色的化合物。这种化合物一部分溶于水,一部分不溶于水,而积累在叶片中,从而形成红汤、红叶。红茶主要有小种红茶(正山小种)、工夫红茶(祁红)和红碎茶(立顿红茶)三大类。
青茶(乌龙茶)——属半发酵茶,即制作时适当发酵,使叶片稍有红变,是介于绿茶与红茶之间的一种茶类。它既有绿茶的鲜爽,又有红茶的浓醇。因其叶片中间为绿色,叶缘呈红色,故有“绿叶红镶边”之称。
白茶——是我国的特产。它加工时不炒不揉,只将细嫩、叶背满茸毛的茶叶晒干或用文火烘干,而使白色茸毛完整地保留下来。白茶主要产于福建的福鼎、政和、松溪和建阳等县,有“银针”、“白牡丹”、“贡眉”、“寿眉”几种。
黄茶——在制茶过程中,经过闷堆渥黄,因而形成黄叶、黄汤。分“黄芽茶”(包括湖南洞庭湖君山银芽、四川雅安、名山县的蒙顶黄芽、安徽霍山的霍内芽)、“黄小茶”(包括湖南岳阳的北港在、湖南宁乡的沩山毛尖、浙江平阳的平阳黄汤、湖北远安的鹿苑)、“黄大茶”(包括的广东大叶青、安徽的霍山黄大茶)三类。
黑茶——原料粗老,加工时堆积发酵时间较长,使叶色呈暗褐色。是藏、蒙、维吾尔等兄弟民族不可缺少的日常必需品。有“湖南黑茶”、“湖北老青茶”、“广西六堡茶”、四川的“西路边茶”“南路边茶”、云南的“紧茶”、“饼茶”、“方茶”和“圆茶”等品种。
再加工茶类
以各种毛茶或精制茶再加工而成的称为再加茶,包括花茶、紧压茶,液体茶、速溶茶及药用茶等。
药茶——将药物与茶叶配伍,制成药茶,以发挥和加强药物的功效,利于药物的溶解,增加香气,调和药味。这种茶的种类很多,如“午时茶”、“姜茶散”、“益寿茶”、“减肥茶”等。
花茶——这是一种比较稀有的茶叶花色品种。它是用花香增加茶香的一种产品,在我国很受喜欢。一般是用绿茶做茶坯,少数也有用红茶或乌龙茶做茶坯的。它根据茶叶容易吸附异味的特点,以香花以窨料加工而成的。所用的花品种有茉莉花、桂花、珠兰等好几种,以茉莉花最多。
从世界上来看,在以上类茶中,以红茶的数量最大,其次是绿茶,最少的是白茶。