爱华网Unit 9——被动语态
概念引入
一、含有被动语态的名言欣赏
Life ismeasured by thought and action, not bytime.
衡量生命的尺度是思想和行动，而不是时间长短。
Men are known by hiscompanions.
观其友而知其人。
Romewas not built in aday.
罗马不是一天建成的。
A friendwithout fault will never be found.
没有缺点的朋友永不可得。
二、被动语态的概念
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Manypeople speak Chinese. 许多人说汉语。
谓语speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被许多人说。
主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
用法讲解
一、被动语态结构
一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词
You are wanted on the phone.有你的电话。
一般过去时：was / were+及物动词的过去分词
Chinawas liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。
一般将来时：will / shall be+及物动词的过去分词
Theproblem will be discussedtomorrow.
明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
现在完成时：have / has been+及物动词的过去分词
Not abook in the library has been takenaway. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
现在进行时：am / is / are being+及物动词的过去分词
My bikeis being repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。
过去完成时：had been+及物动词的过去分词
The bookhad been borrowed when I got to thelibrary.
我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
二、主动语态与被动语态的转换
1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2）把谓语变为被动结构（be＋过去分词）
注意：根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
All thepeople laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。
→He waslaughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.他们在那家工厂制造自行车。
→The bikes are made by them inthe factory.
Hecut down a tree. 他砍倒了一棵树。
→ A treewas cut down by him.
4）含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。
LittleTom can work out this maths problem easily.小汤姆能容易地做出这道数学题。
→This maths problem can beeasily work out by little Tom.
They should do it at once. 他们应该立刻做那件事。
→Itshould be done at once.
5) 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态的双宾语句式: 主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+其他
被动语态的双宾语句式: 间接宾语+be+过去分词+直接宾语+其他
或:直接宾语+be+过去分词+介词(for /to)+间接宾语+其他
Myfather gave me a new book on mybirthday.
我的父亲在我生日那天给我一本新书。
→ I was given a new book on my birthday (by myfather).
→ A newbook was given to me on my birthday (by myfather).
Myfather bought me a new computeryesterday.
我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。
→ I was bought a new computer yesterday (by myfather).
→ A newcomputer was bought for me yesterday (by myfather)
6) 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。
Histeacher found him a very good pupil.他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。
→ He wasfound a very good pupil by his teacher.
7) 在主动句中, let, make,see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要还原to。
Linda’s parentsmake her practice the piano everySunday.
→Linda ismade to practice the piano every Sunday.
8) 有些及物动词如have(有), reach,cost等,以及有些联系动词如smell, taste, sound,feel等,不用于被动语态。
【误】 Fivedollars is cost by this book.
【正】 This book costs five dollars.这本书花费五美元。
【误】The food is tastednice.
【正】 Thefood tastes nice. 这种食物尝起来很好。
巩固练习
I.把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态的句子。
1. Do you sweep the flooreveryday?
______________________________________________
2. Did people in the old days growtea?
______________________________________________
3. We have learned Lesson60.
______________________________________________
4. We can’t see many of the stars.
______________________________________________
5. China has sent up man-made satellites intospace.
______________________________________________
6. They will plant the treestomorrow.
______________________________________________
7. I see him go to schooleveryday.
______________________________________________
8. Our teacher made us close our eyes in thegame.
______________________________________________
II. 使用被动语态翻译下列句子。
1.我们不把英语当作第一语言使用。
_____________________________________________
2. 这些电视机是1990年日本出产的。
_____________________________________________
3.法国人说英语还是法语?
_____________________________________________
4.中国什么地方生产盐?
_____________________________________________
5. 这些树可以被种在道路的两边。
_____________________________________________
6. 每天早晨都能听到小鸟唱歌的声音。
_____________________________________________
7. 世界被变成了一个更小的地方。
_____________________________________________
III. 单项选择。
1. Look! A big modern building _________ in ourcity.
A. isbuilt B. isbeing built
C. hasbeen built D. isbuilding
2. Your bikecan’t ______there.
A. beput B. is put C. be putted D. putted
3. Mary _______the song at a party.
A. heard sing B. was heard sing
C. heardto sing D. was heardto sing
4. ______ treesusually _______ in April?
A. Have, planted B. Are, planted
C. have, been planted D. Do, planted
5. My room_______ tomorrow.
A. is cleaned B. be cleaned C. will be cleaned D. is cleaning
6. When ______your school ________?
A. did, built B. was， built C.is， built D. was， building
7. The window ofour house _______ once a week.
A. have been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning
8. The sick girl_______ to the hospital at once.
A. must send B. be must sent C. must be sent D. be sent
9. Many books onscience _____ since I went to college.
A. were bought B. have beenbought
C. will bebought D. arebought
10. People havecome to know that their health must______.
A. paymore attention B.pay more attention to
C. be paid more attention D. be paid more attention to
11. A beautifulpicture ____ the children in theclassroom.
A. wasshown to B. wasshown C. were shownto D. wereshown
12. A new bike____ Tom tomorrow.
A. will lend B. will lent C. will be lent D. will be lent to
13. Some eggs and a glass of milk ____ theFrenchman.
A.have been brought to B. has been brought to
C. have been brought D. has been brought
14. Miss Whitesaid she ____ some beautiful coats in theshop.
A. had beenshow B. has beenshown
C. had beenshown to D. hadbeen shown
15. Jack ____answer the question in French.
A. asked to B. was ask C.was asked D. wasasked to
IV. 看图完成下列对话。
A: What’s that? It looks strange. |
答案与解析
I.把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态的句子。
1. Is the floor swept（by you）everyday?
2. Was tea grown by people in the olddays?
3. Lesson60 has been learned by us.
4. Many of the stars can’t be seen by us.
5. Man-made satellites have been sent up intospace by China.
6. The trees will be plantedtomorrow.
7. Heis seen to go to school everyday.
9. We were made to close our eyes in thegame.
II. 使用被动语态翻译下列句子。
1.English isn’t used asour first language.
2. TheTV sets were made in Japan in 1990.
3. Is English or French spoken byFrenchmen?
4.Where is salt produced in China?
5. These trees can be planted at the sides of theroad.
6. Thebirds are heard to sing every morning.
7. The world is made to be a much smallerplace.
III. 单项选择。
1.B。本句结构为：现在进行时的被动语态。句意为“在我们城里，一座现代化的楼房正在被建”。
2.A。本句结构为：含有情态动词的被动语态。句意为“你的自行车不能被放在那”。
3. D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。此句中复合宾语的不定式to不能省略。句意为“玛丽被听到在宴会上唱歌”。
4.B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“植树通常是在四月份吗？”。
5.C。本句结构为：一般将来的被动语态。句意为“我的房间将在明天被清扫”。
6.B。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“你们学校是什么时候被建造的？”。
7. B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数，用be动词is。句意为“我们房子的窗户一周被清洗一次”。
8.C。本句结构为：情态动词的被动语态。句意为“那个生病的女孩必须马上被送到医院”。
9.B。本句结构为：现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“自从我上大学，已经买了许多关于科学的书”。
10. D。本句结构为：情态动词的被动语态，这里pay attention to是固定搭配，它的宾语是health。句意为“人们已经渐渐意识到必须关注他们的健康”。
11.A。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“一张漂亮的图片被出示给教室里的孩子们”。
12.D。本句结构为：一般将来时的被动语态。句意为“明天一辆新的自行车将被借给汤姆”。
13.A。本句结构为：现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“一些鸡蛋和一杯牛奶已经被带给了那个法国人”。
14.D。本句的主句是过去时，所以宾语从句要用过去完成时的被动语态。句意为“怀特小姐说她在商店里被出示了一些漂亮的上衣”。
15. D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“杰克被要求用法语回答问题”。
IV. 看图完成下列对话。
1. was 2.for 3. was 4. used 5. water 6. be
7.was 8. of 9. was 10. made 11. of 12. be
I.把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态的句子。
1. Is the floor swept（by you）everyday?
2. Was tea grown by people in the olddays?
3. Lesson60 has been learned by us.
4. Many of the stars can’t be seen by us.
5. Man-made satellites have been sent up intospace by China.
6. The trees will be plantedtomorrow.
7. Heis seen to go to school everyday.
9. We were made to close our eyes in thegame.
II. 使用被动语态翻译下列句子。
1.English isn’t used asour first language.
2. TheTV sets were made in Japan in 1990.
3. Is English or French spoken byFrenchmen?
4.Where is salt produced in China?
5. These trees can be planted at the sides of theroad.
6. Thebirds are heard to sing every morning.
7. The world is made to be a much smallerplace.
III. 单项选择。
1.B。本句结构为：现在进行时的被动语态。句意为“在我们城里，一座现代化的楼房正在被建”。
2.A。本句结构为：含有情态动词的被动语态。句意为“你的自行车不能被放在那”。
3. D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。此句中复合宾语的不定式to不能省略。句意为“玛丽被听到在宴会上唱歌”。
4.B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“植树通常是在四月份吗？”。
5.C。本句结构为：一般将来的被动语态。句意为“我的房间将在明天被清扫”。
6.B。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“你们学校是什么时候被建造的？”。
7. B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数，用be动词is。句意为“我们房子的窗户一周被清洗一次”。
8.C。本句结构为：情态动词的被动语态。句意为“那个生病的女孩必须马上被送到医院”。
9.B。本句结构为：现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“自从我上大学，已经买了许多关于科学的书”。
10. D。本句结构为：情态动词的被动语态，这里pay attention to是固定搭配，它的宾语是health。句意为“人们已经渐渐意识到必须关注他们的健康”。
11.A。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“一张漂亮的图片被出示给教室里的孩子们”。
12.D。本句结构为：一般将来时的被动语态。句意为“明天一辆新的自行车将被借给汤姆”。
13.A。本句结构为：现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“一些鸡蛋和一杯牛奶已经被带给了那个法国人”。
14.D。本句的主句是过去时，所以宾语从句要用过去完成时的被动语态。句意为“怀特小姐说她在商店里被出示了一些漂亮的上衣”。
15. D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“杰克被要求用法语回答问题”。
IV. 看图完成下列对话。
1. was 2.for 3. was 4. used 5. water 6. be
7.was 8. of 9. was 10. made 11. of 12. be
