发布时间：2018年04月10日 18:41:37分享人:盛宴来源:互联网7
had better , should 及ought to都是情态助动词，为方便同学们学习使用，现将它们的主要用法归纳如下：一、had better 的用法1.hadbetter是固定词组，意思是“应该；最好”，后接不带to 的不定式，其用法相当于情态动词，动词 had没有人称或数的变化。hadbetter常用来提出建议，语气较强，往往含有强迫或命令的口气，故常用于长辈对晚辈、上级对下级或平辈之间。该短语指的是现在或将来的情况，而不是指过去。had better的简略式为：'d better。如：1)You'd better go there by bus.你最好是坐公共汽车去那里。2)We had better start at once .我们最好立刻出发。2. had better的否定是had better not；疑问式是将 had 放在主语之前。如：1)We'd better not tell him thenews.我门最好不要告诉他这个消息。2）Hadn't we better go to the station tomeet him ?我门去车站去接他们不是更好一点吗？3.在反意疑问句中，疑问部分一般用“ had +主语？”, 但有时也可用“ Willyou ?”,表示一种请求或建议。如：1）You'dbetternotgoouttoday, hadyou ?今天你最好不要外出，好吗？2）I must stay at home this afternoon. You had better come tomy house , willyou ?我今天下午必须留在家里，你最好来我家，好吗？4. 对长辈或上级说话时，应避免使用 hadbetter 。比较礼貌的说法是Itmay /might be better for you to do sth .。如：It might be better for you to take a taxi.你最好是乘出租车去。二、should 的用法1. 情态动词should 常用来表示劝告、建议或义务，意思是“应该”，可用于各种人称，其语气比 must 及oughtto委婉后接不带to的动词不定式。此外，should 还可表示合理的推论，意思是“应该；理应；一定 . .. . 吧”。例如：1）You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily .你不应该匆忙作出这样的决定。2）The party should be great fun .那个集会一定很有意思。2.“should + have + 过去分词”常表示如下意思：1）表示义务并指过去的情况。意思是“本来应该 . . . . （却没有）；要是已经. . . . . 就好了”，即指过去应该做某事而没有做，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：(1)Youareright .Ishouldhavethoughtofthat.你说得对，我应该想到这一点。（2）Theyshouldnothaveleftsosoon.他们不应当走得这么早。2）表示预期。意思是“应该 . . . .了；一定已经 . . . .了”，指某个动作到现在应该发生了，只表示一种合理的推测或看法，不含责备的意思。如：（1）Thetrainshouldhavealreadyleft.火车大概已经开走了。（2）Theyshouldhaveknownthenews.他们一定知道这个消息了吧。3. 用于虚拟结构。用于条件从句（主要指将来情况），表示假设；用于 advise,ask , decide ,desire , demand , insist , intend ,request , urge 等动词之后，表示情感、命令、提议或愿望等。如：1)Ifsheshouldbefreenextweek, shewillcome .下周如果她有空，她就会来。（表示假设）2)Hedemandedthatthey(should)startatonce.他要求他们马上出发。（表示命令）三、oughtto的用法1.表示劝告、建议或义务，意思是“应该；应当”，语气比表示义务的should强，但比must弱，强调客观要求，含有强烈的道义、责任、法律或原则等意味 ；而should多用来指主观上感到有责任或义务去做某事。否定式是 ought notto。如： （1）He oughtto be there tomarrow.他明天应该去那里。 （2）You oughtnot to drink too much .你不应该喝太多的酒。2. 表示预期或推测。意思是“应该会；理应会”。如：1) If they took the 8:00 am. train, they ought to be arriving soon.假如他们称早上八点的火车，应该就快到了。2）We ought to be able to finish the work tonight .我们今晚估计能完成这项工作。 3. “oughtto +have+过去分词”主要用于以下情况：1) 表示过去“应该做某事（但没有做）”，含有责备或后悔之意。如：(1)Heoughtn't to have spoken toher in that way.他不应该对她那样说话。（他却那样讲了）(2) They ought to have taken a rest.他们当时应该休息一下。（但没休息）2）表示一种合理的推测，意思是“（指某个动作到现在）想必一定已经. . . . .了；照理应该 . . . . . 了”，没有责备的语气。例如：(1) If he had started at six o'clock , he ought to have got thereby now.他如过是六点出发，现在应该已经到那里了。（2）SheoughttohaveleftforBeijing.她应该已经出发，前往北京了。专项测验1. You'd better _____ late next time .A.don'tB. notbe C.notbeingD. won'tbe2. ---- Can I leave this door open at night ?----- You _______ better not .A.shouldB. would C.couldD. had3.---- Let's go to the cinema ,shallwe ?---- ______ .A. Yes , IshallB.No , Ican'tC. Yes , thank youD.No , we'd better not4.---- You'd better go there with me , hadn't you?----- _______ .A. Yes ,IhadtoB. Yes ,IhadbetterC. No ,Ihadn'tD. No ,Ihadn'tbetter5. ----- I'm afraid I've got a bad cold .----_______ .A. Keep awayfromB. Never mindC. You needmedicineD. Better go and see a doctor6. Wehad better wait for your girlfriendJuliet, ________ ?A. hadn'tweB. don'tweC. didn'tweD. shan'twe7. _______ itsnow ,thecropswouldgrowbetter.A.OughtB. Would C.MightD. Should8. ----- Mary looks sad . Did you tell her about the accident?----- Yes , butI ______ her later .A. should havetoldB. shouldn't have toldC. musthavetoldD. ought not to have told9. ---- Ididn't see her yesterday .----Oh , but you _______ .A.shouldhaveB. shouldC. musthaveD.cannot have10. ----- I feelrathertiredtoday .---- You ______ to sleep too late last night.A. shouldgoB. couldn't havegoneC.mightgoD. shouldn't have gone11. " You should have caught the early bus."means :" ________ "A. You caught the earlybusB. You didn't catch the early busC. You have caught the earlybusD. You should go and catch the early bus now .12. --- I should have gone to see the film with you.---- _______ .A. No ,youshouldn'tB. Yes ,youshouldC.Itdoesn'tmattertomeD. Whatapity !13. ----Johnshouldhavehelpedheryesterday.---- Why_______then?A. shouldheB.hadn'theC.didheD. didn'the14. You _____ smoke while you are walking around in the woods here.You __startafire.A. shouldn't ;mustB. can't ;shouldn'tC. can't ;maynotD. mustn't ; could15.---- Will youplease go tothe cinema with metonight ?Sorry ._________ ,butIhavesomepaperstofinish.A. I shouldloveitB.IshouldlovetoC. I wouldlikeD.Ihadbetternot16. You are their teacher. You ______ care of them .A.should totakeB.mighttotakeC. oughttotakeD.need take17. You ought to hand in your composition on time , _____you?A.oughtn'ttoB.don'tC.shouldD. oughtn't18. ---- ______ we to make a carefulplanbeforewestartthework?---- Oh ,no . I don't think you _____ to do that .A. Must ;needB. Need ;needC. ought ;must D. ought; need19. Li Ming didn't want to do that , buthe_____ .A. needtoB.oughttoC.havetoD. hadto20. ----Hasthetrainarrived?---- No , it ______halfanhourago.A. ought toarriveB.oughttohavearrivedC. mightarriveD.mighthavearrived
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