爱华网【英语词汇】
surplus、redundant、excessive、superfluous
佳中
这组词都有“多余的”，“过剩的”意思。
surplus “多余的”、“剩余的”、“过剩的”，通常指数量超出实际的需要，
或指使用、花费后所剩下的东西。surplus也可用作名词。
1）Temporary or selective subsidies can help reducegovernment stocks of surplus
commodities.
临时或选择性补贴有助于减少政府过剩商品的库存。
2）His salary was so small that he had nosurplus money to afford suchexpensive
tours.
他的工资不大，没有剩余的钱去昂贵的旅行。
3) It seems that not all fatis simply a depot for the accumulation ofsurplus
energy.
并非所有脂肪都是剩余能量的积蓄。
4）Each country's planners develop their own separatemenus of desirable imports
andsurplusgoodsavailable for export .
每个国家的计划制订者分别拟定出所需要的进口商品和可供出口的剩余商品的清单。
5）The chief problem was to find how topreventsurplusesfromdepressing
domesticprices .
首要问题是设法防止由于产品过剩而使国内价格下降。
6）Hekeptenoughcorntofeedhiscattleandsoldthesurplus.
他留下足够谷物喂牛，并将剩下出售。
redundant “多余的”、“过剩的”、“冗长的”、“累赘的”，多指人员过剩，
或指文字、语言重复多余、罗嗦冗长。名词为redundancy。
1）Even the hardest workers in the world would getfired if your position in the
company isredundant, or no longer needed by thecompany.
即使是世界上最努力的员工，如果在公司的职位是多余的或者公司不再需要，也会被裁掉。
2）Seventymenatthefactorywereredundantbecauseoffalling demand for our
products.
由于对我们产品需求的减少，工厂里有70人多余下岗了。
3）Myinstructor said that my article is too redundant andshould be reduced to
two-thirds of its length.
我的老师说我的文章太冗余，应该减少到三分之二的长度。
4）It has already happened to the cup andsaucer — they had aperfect
partnership,then along came the mug and suddenly the saucer wasredundant。
茶杯和茶碟曾经是形影不离的一对，但随着马克杯的走俏，茶碟顿时成了累赘。
5）Redundancy among office workers is caused by the increasing use ofcomputer.
计算机使用不断增加使办公室人员富余。
6）Sincethisschemaisnotfullynormalized,thereissomedataredundancy.
由于这种模式不是完全符合范式的，因此有一些数据冗余。
excessive “过多的”、“过度的”；指比所需的东西数量上过多。名词为
excess，意为“过量”，“超过”。
1）It is generallyaccepted that the excessive hunting has led to theextinction
of many wild animalspecies.
普遍认为过度狩猎已经导致了许多野生动物物种的灭绝。
2）Excessivesmoking or drinking will cause damage toone's health.
抽烟过多或饮酒过度有损健康。
3）Theirfatherandmotherwereweariedandbrokenwithexcessivelabour.
他们的父母因过度劳累而疲惫不堪,身心交瘁。
4）Intelligentpeoplearegoodatusingreasontocontrolexcessiveaddictions.
智慧的人善于用理性来控制过度的嗜欲。
5）Are you suffering fromanexcessof stress inyour life?
你生活中的压力太大了吗？
6）Anexcessoffatinone'sdietcanleadtoheartdisease.
饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病。
superfluous “多余的”、“过多的”、“不必要的”，指数量超出所需，强调超
出部分是没有必要的。
1）The last two courses of dishes aresuperfluous; we have already had asmuch
as we caneat.
最后两道菜是多余的，我们已经吃得够饱了。
2）She gave him a look that madewordssuperfluous.
她看了他一眼，这已表明一切，无须多言了。
3）On this occation,thisintroductorystyleseemedalittlesuperfluous.
在这种场合，这种客套未免有点儿多余。
4）Forgenerationstheappendixcanbedismissed as surperfluous. doctorsfigured
it nofunction.
多少世代以来，阑尾被当作多余的，可以被切除,医生们认为它对人体没什么作用。
