爱华网Fluorescent Fixtures
荧光灯
Once upon a time, fluorescent light was the bane of thecinematographer’s
existence. The light produced by the ubiquitous lamps was greenish,ugly, and
unflattering. However, modern advances in multi-phosphor mixes influorescent
tubes have made them feasible and efficient tools to lightwith.
曾几何时，荧光灯是摄影师的祸根的存在。是绿色的，丑陋的，由无处不在。然而，现代的进步多荧光粉混合使荧光管可行和有效的照明工具。
The benefits of fluorescent lighting are that it is naturally soft,it consumes very
little electricity, and it puts off nearly no heat—these are allstrong pros in the
digital video world.
荧光灯照明的好处是，它是自然柔软的，它消耗少量的电，它几乎没有热 - 所有这些都是强烈的利弊在数字视频世界。
The cons of fluorescent lighting are the inconsistent mixture ofdifferent types of
tubes you’re likely to encounter in any given location, the highgreen content, the
non-continuous and false color spectrum, and the flicker associatedwith shooting
at very fast shutter speeds or frame rates.
荧光灯照明的缺点是对不同类型的不一致的混合物管你可能会遇到在任何给定的位置，绿色的高含量，拍摄与非连续和假彩色光谱，和闪烁非常快的快门速度或帧速率。
Bulbs 101: The Science Behind Fluorescent Light
A fluorescent tube is made up of five primary parts:
灯泡101：荧光灯背后的科学荧光灯管是由五个主要部分组成：
n Electrode
n Mercury gas
n Phosphor crystals
n Glass envelope (bulb itself )
n Metal terminals
n电极 Ñ汞气体 Ñ磷晶体Ñ玻璃信封（灯泡本身） n金属终端
Fluorescent light is
derived from electrons
that are emitted by an
electrode at one end of
the tube which collide
with a free electron of
an atom of mercury
(a metal/conductor in
gas form) inside the tube.
荧光灯来自电子由一个发射电极的一端处管碰撞管内自由电子汞的原子（一个金属/导体在气体形式）的。
This collision, which happens at high speed, produces
ultraviolet radiation. The radiation, in turn, excites thephosphors coating the
glass tube, which then emit light.
这种碰撞，高速发生生产紫外线辐射。辐射，反过来，激发玻璃管中的荧光体涂层然后发光。
Fluorescence is unlike incandescent lightand
doesn’t produce a full spectrum of color. Although fluorescentlighting is
energy efficient and doesn’t create the heat that standardincandescent lighting
does, the lack of color spectrum causes digital videographers anumber of
headaches.
不像白炽灯荧光不会产生全光谱的色彩。虽然荧光灯照明节能和不创建热标准的白炽灯会这样，但色彩频谱的缺乏导致了一些数字摄像师头痛。
Instead of providing a smooth, even distribution of color fromthe
full spectrum, fluorescent light provides spikes of specific colorwavelengths.
Although fluorescent bulbs may simulate a specific colortemperature (called
CCT or Correlated Color Temperature) equivalent to incandescence,it is never
perfect. That being said, with careful selection of your lamps, youcan use them
very efficiently to light your scenes.
并非提供了一个平滑，均匀分布的颜色从全谱，荧光灯提供特定颜色波长的尖峰。虽然荧光灯泡可模拟一种特定的颜色温度（称为CCT或色温）相当于到白炽灯，这是从来没有完美的。话虽这么说，仔细选择你的灯，你可以用它们非常有效地照亮你的场景。
There are many types of fluorescent lamps, from the popular CFL orCompact
Fluorescent Lamps to the Slimline to the ubiquitous T-12 tubes. Themost
important aspect of the different shapes and styles is that youfind the right
lamps for whatever fixture you’re working with.
有许多类型，从流行的紧凑型荧光灯或紧凑型荧光灯荧光灯超薄无处不在的T-12管。的最不同的形状和风格的重要方面，是你找到合适的你正在使用任何灯光。
By nature of their operation, fluorescent
lamps require very precise control
over the electrical current delivered to
the lamp. Without this control, the
lamp would nearly immediately die,
possibly in a very destructive manner.
从本质上讲，他们的操作，荧光灯灯需要非常精确的控制在电流传递到灯泡。如果没有这个控制，灯几乎立即死亡，可能在一个非常具有破坏性的方式。
Regulation of electricity, then, is provided
by a ballast. Every fluorescent
fixture requires a ballast to control the electrical flow.
The components of
a fluorescent light.
Advancements in phosphor
coatings have made
fluorescent lights viable for
use in photography.
电力监管，然后，镇流器。每一个荧光灯需要一个镇流器控制电流。组成部分。在荧光粉的进步涂料取得了荧光灯可行的摄影使用。
Most important to digital cinematographers are the CCT and CRIratings of
the lamps you work with. CRI is Color Rendering Index, and it is ascale from
1 to 100 by which non-continuous spectrum light sources aremeasured to
denote how accurately they simulate a full spectrum of color and,in turn,
allow objects to be seen in their “real” colors.
重要的数字摄影师的CCT和CRI评级灯具工作。 CRI是显色指数，它是一个规模从1到100的非连续光谱光源测量表示它们是如何准确地模拟出一个全光谱的色彩，并且，反过来，允许对象看出，在他们的“真正的”颜色。
A CRI of 100 would be natural
daylight, which renders objects true
colors. A CRI of 50 might mean
that reds viewed under that light
will appear more maroon or greens
will appear more gray.
很自然的显色指数为100 日光，这使得真正的对象颜色。50的CRI可能意味着光线下观察，红色会出现更多栗色或绿色会显灰色。
You can
white-balance under low CRI lamps,
but you’re still not going to get true
colors in your scene because the wavelengths of light are notthere, regardless
of how neutral your camera makes the whites.
您可以白平衡低CRI灯下，但你仍然不会获得真正的场景中的色彩，因为光的波长是不存在，尽管您的相机使得中性白人。
Low CRI lamps are often seen where inexpensive, long-lastingillumination
is needed, but where true color is not a priority. The worst-casereal-world
example is the low-pressure sodium vapor street lamps that permeatemany
cities. These fixtures emit a very specific wavelength ofyellow/orange light
and, effectively, have a CRI of 0.
低显色指数（ CRI）灯往往价格低廉，持久的照明是必要的，但真正的颜色不是一个优先事项。最坏情况下的真实世界的例子是低压钠灯路灯渗透到许多城市。这些装置发出的一个非常具体的黄色/橙色光波长，有效，有一个CRI0 。
Commercial and residential fluorescent lighting normally has amoderate CRI
in the 70–85 range to make the light more comfortable for people towork
and live in. They are moderate at representing natural colors, butcan have a
high concentration of green/blue in them.
商业和住宅的荧光灯照明通常有一个温和的显色指数（ CRI）在70-85的范围内，使光线更加舒适了人们的工作住进来他们是温和的代表自然的色彩，但有一个高浓度的绿/蓝色。
NOTE
The ballast provides an initial high burst of current to cause theelectrode to
spark and then carefully regulates the flow. A fluorescent lamp, byits nature,
is a negative differential resistance device, which means that,unlike metal
conductors, as more current flows through the tube, the electricalresistance
within the tube actually drops.
注意
镇流器提供了一个初始的高脉冲电流导致电极火花，然后小心地调节流量。一种荧光灯，其性质，是负微分电阻器件，这意味着，不像金属导体，随着越来越多的电流流过管，其管内的电阻实际下降。
If the lamp were connected to a constant
supply of electricity, it would most likely explode, or at leastquickly burn out
the electrode.
如果灯泡被连接到一个恒定的电力供应，这将最有可能发生爆炸，或至少很快烧坏电极。
After the initial spike, the ballast needs tocarefully regulate the
electricity to keep the lamp lit, but not allow it to overheat theelectrode or
allow too much flow of electricity. Ballasts are specificallydesigned to work
with a particular size and wattage of fluorescent lamp. If you everneed to
replace a ballast, make sure it’s designed for the specific typesof lamps in
your fixture.
在最初的尖峰，需要仔细调节镇流器电力，以保持灯点亮，但不能让它过热的电极或让太多电流。镇流器是专门设计工作与一个特定的大小和功率的荧光灯。如果你需要更换镇流器，确保它的设计特定类型的灯你的夹具。
The technical information
on the box of fluorescent
lamps including correlated
color temperature, CRI,
wattage, and lumen output.
技术信息在包装盒上的荧光包括相关的灯具色温，显色指数，瓦数，流明输出。
However, advancements in phosphor combinations and in fluorescentlamps
have led to some really great tools available pretty much anywhere.Look for
lamps with high CRI ratings—in the 85–95 range. Look for lamps witha
CCT that most closely matches the lighting you’ll be mixing thefluorescent
source with.
然而，在荧光体的组合中，在荧光灯的进步导致了一些真正伟大的工具，几乎任何地方。寻找高显色指数（ CRI）评分在85-95范围内的灯。灯具， CCT最接近你会被混合的荧光照明源。
The Real Stuff
In the late 1980s, gaffer Frieder Hochhiem created a custom-madehighoutput
fluorescent fixture for cinematographer Robby Müller whileshooting
the film Barfly. This creation eventually evolved into a whole newcareer for
Hochhiem as he founded Kino Flo, Inc., a company dedicated to theart and
science of fluorescent lighting.
真正的东西在20世纪80年代后期，灯光师弗里德Hochhiem创造一个定制的highoutput的荧光灯夹拍摄时摄影师罗比·穆勒电影BARFLY。这最终演变成创造了一个全新的职业生涯 Hochhiem他创办的基诺Flo公司，公司致力于艺术科学的荧光灯照明。
These fixtures set the standard in the industry and broughtfluorescent technology
out of taboo and into vogue. Research and development intospecific
recipes of phosphor blends, first with third-party vendors and thenthrough
Kino’s own creation, resulted in color correct tubes with very highCRIs of 95.
这些装置设置的行业标准，并带走了荧光技术的禁忌，成为时尚。转化为具体的研究和发展荧光粉混合配方，先用第三方供应商，然后通过Kino的自己的创作，导致色彩校正管，具有非常高的CRI为95 。
In addition to getting the phosphor mixes perfected to workseamlessly alongside
tungsten and daylight color temperatures, Hochhiem alsoincorporated
several aspects into the Kino Flo fixtures to solve the otherproblems of
fluorescent lighting in motion pictures.
除了获得完善荧光粉混合无缝地一起工作钨色和日光的温度，Hochhiem也纳入到基诺弗洛装置解决其他的问题的几个方面在动态影像中的荧光灯照明。
One of the primary differences is Kino
Flo’s high-frequency ballast that cycles the lamp 25,000 times asecond
(as opposed to a standard ballast, which cycles the lamps 60 timesa second).
This makes the Kino Flo virtually “flicker free” at any shutterspeed or
frame rate.
主要区别之一是基诺Flo的周期灯每秒25,000次的高频镇流器（相对于一个标准的镇流器，其周期的灯每秒60次）。这使得基诺弗洛几乎“无闪烁”在任何快门速度或帧速率。
Today, there are many other manufacturers who are makingfluorescent
fixtures, including Arri, Lowel, and Mole-Richardson, to name afew.
These fixtures can be very, very expensive, however and there aretimes when
budget, location, or overall resources don’t allow the luxury ofworking with
a refined system like Kino Flo—and that’s when you have toimprovise.
今天，有许多其他制造商谁是制造荧光装置，包括阿莱， Lowel ，鼹鼠 -理查德森，仅举几例。这些装置可以是非常，非常昂贵，然而，有些时候预算，地点，或整体资源不允许的工作与奢侈品精致的系统，如基诺弗洛，这就是当你不得不凑合。
There are alternatives for the do-it-yourselfer that may not be asrefined and
flexible, but are workable in many situations. Fluorescent tubesare now available
at your local hardware store with high CRIs in various correlatedcolor
temperatures. As long as you’re careful about what lamps youpurchase and
when you use them, fluorescent light is naturally very soft; withsmall fixtures,
it’s easy to tuck in to tight spaces.
有做它，自己动手，可能不会像精致的替代品灵活，但在许多情况下是可行的。现已日光灯管在当地的五金商店与各种相关色温高的CRI温度。只要你小心你购买什么样的灯当您使用它们，荧光灯自然是非常柔软的小装置，很容易掖在狭小的空间。
CAUTION
Although you can buy Kino Flo lamps separately and they will fitinto standard
household and industrial fixtures, those lamps are specificallydesigned to work
with Kino’s overdriven ballasts and will not perform to the sameprecision and
output in a “normal” fixture. If you’re making your own fixture,your best bet
is to get standard bulbs with high CRIs.
注意
虽然你可以分开购买基诺弗洛灯，他们将融入标准家用及工业用灯具，这些灯具是专为工作基诺的过载镇流器，且不会执行相同的精度和输出一个“正常”的灯具。如果你正在制作自己的灯具，你最好的赌注是高标准的灯泡。
A Look at Fluoros in Action
After one of my lighting lectures at the Digital Video Expo, whereI received
a lot of questions about fluorescent lighting, I decided to do alittle testing
and demonstrate the differences in fluorescent bulbs with regard toCRI and
color temperatures.
在行动
Fluoros在我看完数字视频世博会的照明讲座后，在那我收到很多关于荧光灯照明的问题，我决定做一个小测试和演示在荧光灯泡显色指数方面的差异和色温。
With some help from actress/model Amanda Bolten, I set up a smallset and
brought out a number of inexpensive and readily availablefluorescent tubes
that I found at my local hardware store. Table 9-1 shows thevariety of bulbs
I tested.
在女演员/模特阿曼达博尔滕一些帮助，我建立了一个小场景和带来了一些价格低廉的易于使用的荧光灯管我发现在我当地的五金商店。表9-1显示了我测试的各种灯泡。
Table 9-1 The Bulbs
Type Wattage Color Temp CRI Output Cost
Cool White 34 4,100K 62 2650 lumens $2.00
Cool White Plus 40 4,100K 70 3200 lumens $2.00
Soft White 40 3,000K 85 3300 lumens $3.25
Daylight Deluxe 40 6,500K 84 2325 lumens $3.50
Natural Sunshine 40 5,000K 92 2200 lumens $12.00
表9-1灯泡型号
功率 色温 CRI输出 成本
34 冷白4,100 K 62 2650 流明 2.00美元
冷白加 40 4,100 Ķ 70 3 200流明2.00美元
软白40 3,000 K 853300 流明 3.25美元
日光豪华40 6,500 K 842325流明 3.50美元
自然阳光 40 92 5,000 K2200流明 $ 12.00
Fluorescent manufacturers use the lumen measurement of light, whichis, in
essence, a metric version of footcandles (see Chapter 3,“Understanding
Exposure,” for more info). For all intents and purposes, onefootcandle is equal
to 10 lux/lumens. So the fixtures in Table 9-1 will provide anintensity of roughly
220–330 footcandles at a distance of one foot. Notice that thehigher the CRI,
the higher the cost of the tube.
荧光灯制造商使用的流明测量光，这是本质上，公制尺烛光（见第3章， “理解曝光， “获取更多信息） 。无论如何，等于一英尺烛光10勒克斯/流明。因此，在表9-1中的装置提供的强度大致220-330烛光在一英尺的距离。请注意，显色性越高，管的成本就越高。
In the following images of model Amanda Bolten, pay specialattention to
the color of Amanda’s skin tone, and to the color of the graybehind her, in
addition to how the light affects the yellow, magenta, and cyanpatches on the
chart to the right. One of the biggest problems with fluorescentlight is the
inherent green tint, so watch for the greenish hue in the gray andin Amanda’s
skin tone.
在下面的模特阿曼达博尔滕的图像，要特别注意Amanda的皮肤的颜色，她身后的灰色的颜色，在除了光如何影响上的黄色，品红色和青色的修补程序图表的右侧。与荧光灯的最大问题之一是固有的绿色色调，观察灰色和阿曼达的肤色中的绿色色调。
In each photo, Amanda is holding up a board identifying theparameters of
that particular shot. The only stuff that’s really important tonote: on the left
side of the board, the camera’s color balance setting (daylight ortungsten), the
camera’s ISO setting and f-stop. The right side of the boarddetails the specific
fluorescent lamp used for that shot.
在每一张照片中，阿曼达正拿着一板识别参数特定的拍摄。唯一的东西，真正重要的要注意的：板子左边的一面，相机的色彩平衡设定（日光或钨），相机的ISO设置和F- STOP 。右侧板详细说明具体荧光灯的数据。
Simply because they were the specific lamps in stock at my localhardware
store, all of the lamps I used were manufactured by Phillips.
很简单，因为他们是在我的本地硬件的特定灯店里，我用的所有的灯由菲利普斯制造。
This first image shows the effects of a
Standard Cool White globe with a
daylight color balance on the camera.
Model Amanda Bolten.
这第一个图像显示的影响地球与在相机上的标准冷白日光色平衡。模特阿曼达博尔滕。
The effects of the Soft White globes with
a tungsten color balance on the camera.
灯罩加钨丝灯色彩平衡的软白效果。
The effects of a Cool White Plus globe
with a daylight color balance on the
camera.
灯罩前加日光色彩平衡的冷白摄像机效果。
The effects of a Daylight Deluxe globe
with a daylight color balance on the
camera.
灯罩前加日光色彩平衡的日光色彩摄相机效果。
The effects of a Natural
Daylight/Sunshine globe
with a daylight color
balance on the camera.
灯罩加日光色彩平衡的一个自然的日光/阳光的摄像机效果。
In all of the images shown of Amanda,
I simply switched the bulbs or changed
the camera’s color balance for the
correlated color temperature of the
tube.
所有的阿曼达显示的图像，我只是更换灯泡或改变相机的彩色平衡以适应的相关色温的管中。
To get a better idea of what is going
on, I brought all of these images into
Photoshop and, using the Eyedropper
tool, I took a color sample of gray
behind Amanda—in exactly the same
pixel position in every photo. This
gave me a readout of red, green, and
blue components of that gray. In a
perfect gray, those numbers should be
equal (140, 140, and 140 is a perfect
neutral gray).
为了得到一个更好的结果，我带来了所有这些图像Photoshop和使用滴管工具，我在阿曼达之后灰色地带用吸管取样，在完全相同的在每一张照片位置的像素。这给了我一个读出的像素红，绿，蓝色成分。在完美的灰色中，这些数字应该是（140 ，140，和140是一个完美的中性灰色） 。
Surprisingly, two of the tubes rendered
a near perfect neutral gray:
Daylight Deluxe and Nat ural
Daylight. Although, personally, I
like the skin tone rendered by the
Cool White Plus tubes, which is
slightly warmer: R142, G139, and
B132.
令人惊讶的是，两个管子呈现一个近乎完美的中性灰色：日光豪华和Nat乌拉尔日光。虽然，我个人喜欢如所呈现的加管冷白肤色，这略带有回暖：R142 ， G139 ， B132 。
It’s important to keep in mind that
these are merely the results of one
test. If you were to conduct your
own test, with your own fixtures, the
results may vary. The idea here is to
simply demonstrate, as objectively as
I can, the differences in CRI and
CCT in commonly available fluorescent
lamps.
重要的是要记住，这些仅仅是一个测试的结果。如果你要进行自己的测试用自己的灯光，结果可能会发生变化。这里的想法是简单的演示，我可以尽可能客观在常用的荧光灯灯具CRI差异 CCT中。
The gray measurements
of each of the different
fluorescent tubes.
每一个不同的荧光灯管灰色的测量。
CFLs (Compact Fluorescent Lamps)
紧凑型荧光灯（紧凑型荧光灯）
In the last few years, especially with the heavy environmentalmovement,
Compact Fluorescent Lamps have become very popular. Theirefficiency is
twice to four times that of incandescent bulbs, which lose 90% oftheir energy
to heat. Since fluorescent fixtures get
their brightness primarily from the surface
area of the glass, manufacturers
designed a way to twist the glass into a
tight spiral to compact it down and get
a lot more surface area in a smaller space.
在过去的几年中，特别是沉重的环保运动，紧凑型荧光灯已非常受欢迎。它们的效率是白炽灯泡2?4倍，，失去它们的能量的90％的加热。由于荧光灯它们主要是从玻璃表面的亮度面积的获得，制造商设计的方式是扭曲成玻璃紧螺旋，并得到在一个较小的空间内获得更大的表面积。
CFLs generally incorporate their ballast
directly into the base of the bulb to create
a single device that can be screwed
into any standard light bulb socket. The
smaller size and all-in-one construction
meant that people could replace their
tungsten bulbs with fluorescent bulbs
and not have to change out their fixtures.
紧凑型荧光灯一般把他们的镇流器直接进入的基础上创建灯泡一个单一的设备，可以旋到任何标准的灯泡插座。该更小的尺寸和所有功能于一身的建筑这意味着人们可以取代泡钨丝灯泡而用荧光灯并没有改变他们的装置。
One of many designs and
shapes of CFLs.
许多设计和紧凑型荧光灯的形状之一。
These are very efficient sources and are
fairly inexpensive (although much more
expensive than the equivalent wattage
in tungsten bulbs; about 5–10 times as expensive). They are not,however,
manufactured for use in photography.
这是非常有效的源和相当便宜（虽然比同等瓦数钨丝灯泡昂贵5-10倍左右） 。他们都没有，但是，制造用于摄影。
Most CFL globes do not have published
CRI ratings, and there are considerable differences betweenmanufacturers and
even individual product lines and shapes within a singlemanufacturer.
大多数CFL灯罩不发表 CRI评级，并有相当大的差异，厂商之间甚至个别产品线在一个单一的制造商形状。
You can certainly use CFLs to light with, no doubt, but it’s bestif you’re going
to use them to use them exclusively—and stick to one manufacturerand
specific model of CFL. In that case, you can white-balance away anygreen
cast and achieve some good results. If you’re combining with anyother sources,
however, I’d recommend staying away from CFLs altogether.
你当然可以使用节能灯的光，毫无疑问，但它是最好的，如果你要去使用它们来使用他们专门棒生产厂家之一，并CFL的具体型号。在这种情况下，你可以白平衡掉任何绿色，并取得一些好成绩。如果你与任何其他来源相结合，不过，我建议你完全远离紧凑型荧光灯。
Making a Fluorescent Fixture
制作荧光灯
This is a fairly simple project that takes a standard, inexpensive,household
fluorescent fixture and turns it into a portable, switchablefixture. In essence,
all you’re really doing is adding a switch and a plug to anexisting fixture as
opposed to hard-wiring it into a
building. These same principles apply
to a fixture of any size. In my kit I
have a 2-foot single fixture, a 4-foot
single fixture, and a 4-foot double
fixture, all modified by connecting a
switch and a plug to make them
portable.
这是一个相当简单的项目，需要一个标准，价格低廉，家庭荧光灯具，并把它变成一个便携式，可切换的灯具。在本质上，你真的做的是增加一个开关和一个插头，以现有的灯具作为硬接线成相对建筑。这些原则同样适用为任何规模大小的灯具。在我的包，我有2英尺的单个灯具，一个4英尺单夹具，和一个4英尺的双灯灯具具，所有的都被修改过连接开关和一个插头，并使它们便携。
The final fluorescent
fixture.
最后的荧光灯
The necessary components
for this project.
TIP
I will also, often, use white gaff tape on all of the sharp edgesof the fluorescent
fixture’s metal frame. Because the fixture isn’t meant to beportable or handheld,
the edges can be very sharp and can easily cut you, so it’s saferto put a little
protection in place.
我也会经常使用白色鱼叉磁带上的所有荧光的边缘非常锋利，灯具的金属框架。由于夹具是不是意味着是便携式或手持式，边缘可以非常锋利，很容易割伤你，所以它的安全放少许保护到位。
The necessary components are listed here and shown in thepreceeding image:
n 2-foot fluorescent fixture: $15
n Single-gang 1⁄2-inch outdoor box: $2
n Single-pole standard light switch: $1
n Single-gang nylon switch plate cover: $1
n Two 1⁄2-inch wire retainers: $1
n 25-foot 16/3 grounded extension cord: $5
n Four wire nuts (not pictured): $1
n Roll of 2-inch white gaff tape (not pictured): $8
n Pair of wire strippers
n Razor knife (not pictured)
n Screwdriver
Total cost: $34
上述任一图所示必要的零件列在这里： n 2英尺荧光灯具：$ 15 n单管1/2英寸外箱： 2美元 n单极标准灯开关：$ 1n单刚尼龙开关板盖：$ 1 n两个2英寸导线固定：$ 1 N 25英尺16/3接地的延长线： 5美元N带四个接线螺母（图中未显示）：$ 1 2寸白底鱼叉磁带n卷（无图） ： 8美元 N一付剥线钳子 Ñ剃刀刀（无图）ñ螺丝刀总成本： 34美元
The basic fixture, assembled
according to the
manufacturer’s instructions,
without applying the
fixture’s cover.
基本灯具，根据本制造商的指示组装，不应用盖子的灯具。
Step 1
Open the fluorescent fixture’s
box and follow the manufacturer’s
instructions to put the sides together
and secure the ballast to the fixture.
Don’t put the final cover on the
fixture—leave it off for now.
第1步打开荧光灯灯具的包装盒，然后按照制造商的说明把面卡到一起，并固定压到框子里。不要盖盖子。
Step 2
Take the extension cord out of its packaging. Cut the female/socketend off
the extension cord and discard it.
第2步
去掉延长线的外皮。剪下女/插座结束掉延长线和丢弃它。
Then measure out about 4 inches of cord and cut that off. Carefullycut off
the orange insulation, being very careful not to cut the threewires inside, only
the orange coating.
When you remove all of the insulation, you’ll have three wires, ablack, white,
and green, each about 4 inches long. You can discard the black andwhite wires.
Keep the 4 inches of green wire to use as a ground pigtail later;you can set it
aside for now.
当您去掉所有的绝缘，你就会有三根线，黑色，白色，绿色，每个约4英寸长。你可以放弃黑线和白线。保持4英寸绿线以后为地线使用，你可以不管它。
Cutting off 5 feet of cord.
截一段5英尺的线。
Step 3
Next, from the cut end of the long extension cord, measure about 5feet of
cord and cut that off.
第3步
接着，从长延长线的切割端，测量约5英尺的电源线，切断。
You should now have two pieces of
the extension cord, one 20-foot piece
of cord with the male (plug) end still
attached (this will be your line cord,
plugging into the wall and supplying
power to the switch) and 5-foot
piece of cord that is cut at both ends
(this will be your load end connecting
the switch to the fixture).
你现在应该有两条延长线，一个20英尺的一条线与公头（插头）连接（这将是您的电源线，插到墙上和供应电源开关）和5英尺线被切割的两端（这将是你的负载端连接切换到灯具）。
The two lengths of cable,
one 5 feet in length with
both ends stripped (load),
and one 20 feet in length
with one end stripped and
the other still attached to
the male (plug) (line).
两种长度的电缆，一个5英尺长两端剥离（加载） ，在长度为一个20英尺一端剥离另一端连接到公头（插头） （线） 。
Step 4
Strip about 4 inches of the outer
(orange) insulation off each cut end
of both lengths of cord. Be very careful
not to cut the three wires (black,
white, and green) inside the cord.
Chapter 9 n Fluorescent Fixtures 217
Cut off the female (socket) end of the
extension cord and discard.
第4步
长线两端剥开约4英寸的绝缘层外皮（橙色）。要非常小心不伤到线内三线（黑色，白，绿）。
切断切断母头（插座）结束延长线和丢弃。
Step 5
After that, strip off about 1 inch of the black, white, and greenwires
individually.
第5步
在此之后，分别剥掉约1英寸的黑，白，绿线头。
Step 6
Open the package for the 1⁄2-inch outdoor single-gang box.
第6步
打开包装为1?2英寸的室外单开口盒。
Step 7
Take one of the 1⁄2-inch wire retainers and remove the retainingnut on it.
You can discard the retaining ring; you won’t need it.
第7步
拿一个1/2英寸导线固定，并除去其上的固定螺母。您可以丢弃固定环，你不再需要它。
Thread the stripped wire from the
end of the 20-foot piece of cord
(with the plug still attached) through
the clamp section of the 1⁄2-inch wire
retainer. Then screw the threaded
end of the retainer into the bottom
of the gang box. Do this so that the
stripped end of the wire is inside
the gang box and the clamp locks the
wire firmly in place. You’ll want to have about 6 inches of cordinside
the box.
从线程裸线头的20英尺的一块线（插头还连着）通过夹紧边的1/2英寸线固定器。然后拧紧螺纹端的保持器进入底部框。做到这一点，这样的剥离端的导线的内部该团伙框和钳锁接线牢固。你会希望有大约6英寸线内盒子。
Step 8
Repeat this same action with one end of the shorter 5-foot (load)cable, but
put the wire retainer into the threaded hole next to the one youjust installed,
in the bottom of the box (if your gang box does not have two holesat one end,
just put the 5-foot cable into the hole at the opposite end of thegang box).
第8步
重复这个相同的动作与更短的5英尺（负载）电缆的一端，但把导线固定到一个你刚刚安装的螺纹孔，在箱体底部（如果你的帮派中没有两个孔的一端，只是把5英尺长的电缆入孔的开口盒的另一端）。
You want to have about 6 inches of cable from the end of the 5-footcord inside
the box.
你想拥有约6英寸的电缆从盒子内5英尺线头。
The stripped end of the 20-foot plug
cable and one end of the doublestripped
5-foot cable should now be
fed into the gang box.
20英尺电缆剥掉的一端插头的两端剥掉的5英尺长的电缆一段应该送入接线盒。
The two lengths of
extension cord in the wire
retainers in the bottom of
the gang box. If your gang
box does not have side-byside
1⁄2-inch holes, put the
second retainer on the
opposite of the gang box.
的两个长度在电线延长线保持件的底部该接线盒。如果你的接线盒没有并排的两个1/2英寸的孔，把第二夹持对面那接线盒。
The 1⁄2-inch outdoor
single-gang box with the
(line) stripped plug cable
inserted into the wire
retainer at the base of
the box.
Step 9
Now, return to the 4-inch piece of green wire you set aside in Step2 and strip
off the green insulation about 1 inch on both ends of the wire.
第9步
现在，回到预留步骤2，4英寸的一块绿线和去掉绿色绝缘导线的两端1英寸左右的绝缘体。
Inside the gang box you’ll find a green grounding screw. Loosenthat screw as
far as you can before it comes out. Bend one end of the strippedgreen wire
into a hook shape and hook it around the threads of that greenscrew. Make
sure that the open end of your hook faces to the right so that whenyou tighten
the green screw (clockwise), it will
force the hook shape to become
smaller instead of opening it up.
接线盒中，你会发现一个绿色的接地螺钉。拧松螺钉，只要您能才出来。弯曲剥离的绿线的一端成钩状形状和钩它是绿色的螺钉的螺纹周围。使确保你的钩的开口端朝向右边，这样，当你收紧绿色螺丝（顺时针），它将迫使钩形状成为较小，而不是打开它。
When the screw is tightened down,
the green wire should be firmly
attached and the bare wire in firm
contact with the box and the green
screw.
当螺钉被拧紧时，绿线应牢固连接和裸露电线与框和绿色拧紧。
The attached grounding
(green) wire.
Step 10
Next, take the other end of the short 4-inch green ground wire youjust connected
to the ground screw and twist it together with the other twogreen
ground wires from each of the other cord ends inside the box.
第10步
接下来，你只是连接的短短4英寸的绿色接地线的另一端的接地螺丝和扭曲连同其他两个绿色从其他各线的接地线结束箱内。
Twist a wire nut onto these three wires to bind them tightlytogether. Give the
wire nut a little tug to make sure it’s got a secure hold of thewires.
What you’ve done is connected the ground wires from the 5-foot(load) cut
end of the cord and the 20-foot (line) length of the cord to aground wire
attached to the grounding screw inside the gang box.
拧紧螺母将三线用紧紧地固定在一起。给线螺母一点点的拉力，以确保它比较牢固。你做的是，从5英尺（负载）地线一端链接地线和一根20英尺长度（线的地线，电源线接线盒接地螺钉。
The connected ground wires.
链接地线
Connected neutrals.
链接零线
Step 11
Take the two white (neutral) wires from the wires inside the gangbox and twist
them together. Then twist on a wire nut firmly and give the wirenut a little
tug to make sure it is firmly connected.
第11步
拿两个白色（零线）线从接线盒并扭他们在一起。然后拧上线螺母牢牢线螺母拖船，以确保连接牢固。
Step 12
You now have your connected greens (grounds) and whites (neutrals)and you
have two bare black (hot) wires left inside the box.
Bend a hook into the bare ends of each of the black wires, justlike you did
with the green (ground) wire.
第12步
现在，你有你的连接的绿色（地线）和白色（零线），你有两个裸黑色（火线）电线留箱内。弯勾到每个黑线的裸露端，就像绿色（地线）一样。
Take your single-pole light switch and unscrew the two gold screwson the side
of the switch. They won’t come all the way out; you just want tounscrew them
enough to get a wire under them.
拿你单极灯光开关和拧下两个开关的边上黄金螺丝。他们将不会掉，你只拧松足以让电线掉下。
Hook one of the black wires around the threads of one of the goldenscrews—
it doesn’t matter which—making sure the open end of the hook shapeis to
the right so that when you screw
down the gold screw (clockwise), it
forces the hook to tighten.
把黑线拧到金色螺钉的螺纹上，确保钩型的开口端的形状是右面，这样，当你拧下黄金螺丝（顺时针） ，强制钩收紧。
Screw down the screw. Now attach
the other black wire to the other gold
screw and screw it down. It doesn’t
matter which wire is connected to
which screw.
拧下螺丝。现在附上另一根黑线到另外一个黄金螺丝并拧紧。无论哪个线连接到哪个螺钉。
Each of the hot (black)
wires is now connected to
each of the gold screws
on the light switch.
每一个火线（黑色）都连接到电灯开关金黄的螺钉。
Step 13
Using the two silver screws at the top and bottom of the switch(more than
likely they’re connected to the switch with a paper washer), securethe switch
into the gang box.
第13步
使用开关的顶部和底部的两个银螺钉（多他们可能与交换机连接到一纸垫圈），将开关固定到接线盒上。
The switch is secured into the gang box.
开关被固定到接线盒上。
The faceplate is secured, closing the gang
box.
面板固定，盖上接线盒。
Step 14
Open the switch faceplate and, with the enclosed small screws,secure it into
place on the face of the light switch.
第14步
打开开关面板，用封闭小螺丝，将它固定到灯光开关面上。
Step 15
Now you’re ready to return to the fixture itself.
On the side of the fluorescent fixture, you’ll find apunch-out—this is a small
circular indentation that is connected to the fixture housing by asingle weak
weld. Using the tip of your screwdriver, poke into the fixturehousing. This
will bend it away from the fixture on the weld and expose a roundhole. Bend
the small piece of circular metal back and forth until it breaksoff, leaving a
1⁄2-inch circular hole. You can discard the small round piece ofmetal.
第15步
现在，你准备返回灯具本身。在荧光灯具的一面，你会发现一个孔，这是一个小小圆形孔，它连接到在灯具壳体的圆形压痕焊接。使用螺丝刀的尖端，捅到灯具外壳。这弯曲远离焊接夹具，露出一个圆洞。弯曲直到它脱落，留下一个小片圆形金属来回2英寸的圆孔。您可以丢弃圆形小金属片。
Step 16
Using the third 1⁄2-inch wire retainer,
unscrew the retaining ring, and slip
the threaded end into the fixture
through the 1⁄2-inch hole you just
opened and secure it in place with
the retaining ring. Feed the remaining
stripped end of the 5-foot (load)
cable (which is now connected to the
switch box) through the retainer into
the fixture. You’ll want about 6 to 8 inches of cable inside thefixture. Secure
the cord into the retainer by screwing down the pressure-plateuntil it has a
firm grasp on the orange cord.
第16步
使用第三个1/2英寸螺丝固定，拧开固定环和通过2英寸的孔滑动到夹具的螺纹端，你只是打开并固定到位保持环。插进剩余5英尺（负载）电缆剥离端（现在连接到开关盒）通过固定到灯具上。你需要约6至8英寸线在灯具内。安全拧向下压盘，直到它牢牢卡住橙色线。
About 6 to 8 inches of cable
from the stripped 5-foot
length are inserted into the
fixture and secured in place
with the lock-down.
大约6至8英寸的电缆从剥离5英尺长度被插入到灯具和固定到位与锁定下来。
Step 17
Inside the fixture you’ll find another
green grounding screw, just like you
found inside the gang box. Connect
the green (ground) wire from the
5-foot (load) cord to the ground
screw, just as you did in the gang
box. Again, be careful to place the
hook toward the right so when the
screw tightens, it tightens the hook.
第17步
灯具内部，你会发现另一个绿色接地螺钉，就像你在接线盒内。接从绿色（接地线）线到5英尺地线（负载）拧，就像你在接线盒。再次，要小心放置钩朝右螺丝拧紧，它收紧钩。
Attaching the grounding
wire inside the fluorescent
fixture.
安装荧光灯具里面的接地线。
Step 18
Inside the fluorescent fixture is a small ballast that you attachedto the fixture
according to the manufacturer’s instructions in Step 1. Coming outof this
ballast are two wires, one white (neutral) and one black(hot).
Twist the white wire from the 5-foot orange cord together with thewhite (neutral)
wire coming from the fluorescent fixture’s ballast.
第18步
荧光灯具里面是一个小镇流器，你连接到灯具根据制造商的说明，在步骤1中。走出镇流器是两线，一条白色（零线）和一个黑色（火线）。从5英尺的橙色线扭白线与白色（中性）电线来自荧光灯灯具的镇流器。
Secure them with a wire nut.
Do this same thing with the black
(hot) wire from the cord and the
black (hot) wire from the ballast.
Give each of them a little tug to
ensure a good connection with the
wire nut.
他们用钢丝螺母固定。做同样的事情与黑色（火线）线从电源线和黑色（火线）线从镇流器。给他们每个人一个小力量确保与螺帽丝良好的连接。
The neutrals from the cord
and fixture and the hots
from the cord and fixture
should now be connected.
从电源线的中性和夹具和白热化从电源线和夹具现在应该连接。
Step 19
Now attach the cover of the fluorescent fixture and you’re good togo!
Once you put a lamp in the fixture, you can plug this fixture intoany standard
wall outlet, and the switch will turn the lamp on or off. Do notuse a dimmer
on a fixture like this; the ballast is not designed for it and itwill burn the ballast
out.
第19步
荧光灯具现在装上盖子，你准备好了！一旦你把一盏灯泡装在灯具上，你可以插入到任何标准的夹具墙上的电源插座和开关把灯的开启或关闭。不要使用调光器这样的夹具;镇流器没有为它设计的，它会烧镇流器出来。
This same procedure applies to larger fixtures.
I typically use gaff tape to secure a baby plate to the back of thefixture so
I can mount it in a C-Stand, but you can attach whatever favoriteconnector
you like.
同样的程序适用于较大的灯具。我通常使用鱼叉带婴儿固定板背面夹具我可以将其安装在C-支架，但你也可以将灯具装在你任何喜欢的任何连接器上。
CAUTION
A word of caution: fluorescent tubes contain mercury, which can bea deadly
poison. Handling these fixtures without protection over the bulbscan result in
the fragile bulbs breaking. Use caution when handling bare bulbsand fixtures
with exposed bulbs at all times.
注意
要注意的是：荧光灯管中含有汞，它可以是一个致命的毒药。处理这些装置没有保护在灯泡可以导致打破脆弱灯泡。使用时要小心处理裸露的灯泡和灯具在任何时候都暴露灯泡。
The neutrals from the cord
and fixture and the hots
from the cord and fixture
should now be connected.
从电源线的零线夹具和火线和夹具现在应该连接。
You can use this same concept of adding a switch and a plug topretty much
any size fluorescent fixture. As I mentioned earlier, I haveseveral sizes of these
fixtures in my kit, and they definitely come in handy.
你可以使用同样加入了开关和插头的概念，几乎任何规模的荧光灯夹具。正如我前面提到的这些，我有几种不同尺寸比赛中我的包，他们肯定派上用场。随着荧光管套件中的集合，你就可以准备添加一些点亮了一些情况。
With a collection of fluorescent tubes in your kit, you’ll be readyto add some
light to a number of situations.
Now that you’ve read about tungsten and fluorescent fixtures,you’ll take a
look at some other lighting tools that may come in handy.
