爱华网六个关系代词引导的定语从句
PART IANALYSES（分析）
1. Li Yuchun is the singer who/ that got the top prize in “SuperGirl” contest of 2005.
2. Earthquake is a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface which/that may cause great damage.
3. The person (whom/ who/ that) you are looking at is JayChow
4. Feng Xiaogang is a famous director one of whose films (thefilms of whom) is Banquet.
5. The White House is the building of American government whosecolor (the color of which) is white.
PARTII CONCLUSION（总结）
一. 定语从句：
定语从句是由________或________引导的从句.作定语,修饰主句或主句的________语等__________.相当于____词，所以又称______性从句.一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后,___引导的________定语从句有例外.
二. 关系词：
本身没有实际意思,能引导定语从句的词叫关系词.
分为________和________两种.
关系词与先行词两位一体.
先行词：被定语从句修饰,表示人,物或事的名词,代词,句子等名词性成分.
关系代词：可在先行词之后的定语从句中代替先行词,充当从句的主语,宾语,定语,或表语(少见).有六个：who,whose, whom, that, which, as.
关系副词：可代替先行词在从句中做状语.有三个：when, where, why.
三.关系代词引导的定语从句的基本构成：
先行词+ 关系代词+ 一个缺少主/宾/定/表的句子
This is the car which he bought last year.
Do you know the man (who/ that/ whom) we saw at the BeijingHotel?
I’m not interested in the book which/ that has just beenpublished.
The house (that/ which) I’m going to buy faces south.
That’s the man whose house was burned down.
whose house= the house of whom= of whom the house
四. 限制性与非限制性定从
The honest boy told a lie, which he found strange.
1. 非限制性定从由逗号,将其与先行词隔开.
2. 与主句紧密度,限制性大于非限制性定从.
3. 非限制定从中只没有that.
4. 非限制定从中做宾语的关代也不可省略.
先行词是 | 人 | 人/ 物 | 物/ 事 | |||
关系代词 | who | whom | whose | that | which | as |
从句成分(限制性定语从句句中做宾语的关代可省) | 主 | 主 | 主 | 主 | ||
(宾) | (宾) | (宾) | (宾)  | (宾) | ||
定 | ||||||
介词可加 | whom | whose | which | |||
非限定从 | who | whom | whose | which | as | |
先行词是 | 时间 | 地点 | the reason |
关系副词 | when= 介词+ which | where= 介词+ which | why= for which |
从句成分 | 状 | ||
PARTIII DIFFICULTIES（难点）
一.只用that,不用which,当先行词为…,或被…所修饰
1. all, few, some, (…)thing, no, every, any等不定代词.
Anything that can burn is a source of heatenergy.
2. 形容词最高级,序数词,just, only, right, very等表唯一概念的词
This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen.
He was the second that came and the last that went.
3. 人,物并用
3. He is talking about he poems and poets that heremembers.
4. 当主句为which/ who开头的特殊疑问句
Who is the man that is standing beside Tom.
5. 先行词在从句中作表语时, 限制性定语从句通常用 that 引导.(常可省略)
She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to thecountry.
总结：表疑唯一不定人物!
二. which
1. 引导非限制性定从,从句在先行词后(中),先行词可为句子(事)
He lost my watch, which made his father angry.
The sports meet was put off, which astonished us.
2. 先行词指物,本身是that
That which you borrowed from me isn’t a real diamondnecklace.
3. 先行词是人的性质,身份
He became a lawyer, which he had been dreaming about.
三. whose n.
= the n. of which/ whom
= of which/ whom the n.
Do you know the doctor whose son is a doctor too?
= the son of whom/ of whom the son
There is a church whose door faces south.
= the door of which
= of which the door
四. as
1. 有时译作:正如,就像.
2. 位置灵活,可在先行词前/中/后.
As we know, Taiwan belongs to China.
Taiwan, as we know, belongs to China.
3. 常表示公众性,或已知的事物.常与know, expect, announce, report,show等连用.
Our team, as we expected, finally won.
As is reported in the newspaper, China has sent up anothersatellite.
4. 先行词前有the same, such, so,as时,常用as引导定从.
Don’t read such books as you don’t understand.
He is as interesting a boy as I’ve ever seen.
I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.
注意:
This is the same book as I gave you. (是两本书)
这本书和我给你的那本相同.
This is the same book that I gave you. (是同一本书)
这是我给你的书.
This is so heavy a box _____ we can’t move it.
This is so heavy a box _____ we can’t move.
前句从句不缺成分,是so… that… 所引导的结果状语从句.后句从句少宾语,是so修饰先行词后的定语从句.
五. 可在介词之后的关系代词:
whom, which, whose
(一) 从句中谓语部分的介词或从句中的含介,关代,n.的状语前提
1. He is the person to whom you can turn for help.
This is the girl ___________ I learned the news.
He is the man __________ you can rely.
2. The pencil with which he was writing broke.
We travelled together to Paris, at which place we parted.
=and at this place we parted.
She suffered from illness, and in that case he had to stay athome.
= in which case he had to stay at home.
Tom spent 4 years in college, during which time he learnedFrench.
= and during this time he learned French.
3. He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.
Tom is a famous doctor, __________ help they succeeded in aoperation.
= with the help of whom
= and with his help
He works in a factory, and in its front there is a river.
= in whose front
= in front of which
注意:
Is this the knife which you are looking for?
简单动词短语介词不前提!
(二) 名词/代词/数词/最高级+ of+ 关系代词
I picked up the apples, some of which were bad.
= , and some of them…(逗号)
= . Some of them…(句号)
= ; some of them…(分号)
He has ten sisters, and three of them are clever.
= , five/ half/ 50% of whom…
He has ten sisters, and the youngest is clever.
= , the youngest of whom
六. 定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句中谓语动词的单复数和先行词保持一致.
He is one of the students that are always late for class.
He is the only one of the students that is… (唯一概念)
PARTIV PRACTICE（应用）
定语从句的做题标准步骤:
1. 先划分出主句和从句.
方法:连接从句的引导词后第一套谓语属于从句,其余的为主句的主谓结构.
2. 确定从句是否是定语从句.
方法:牢记定从的特点:名词性成分之后(前/中) ,且修饰这个名词性成分的,缺少主/宾/定/表/状的从句.
3. 将先行词代入从句,有时需添加适当的介词,和从句组合成一个完整的简单句.
4.根据所代入从句的先行词在从句所做的成分,及先行词为人/物/事,来选择关系代词,并将先行词替换成关系代词.
5. 必要时,将介词+关系代词(+n.)前提至从句之前;或将介词+关系代词,替换成对应的关系副词.
基础练习：
1. Do you know the man? The man talked about something justnow.
2. The girl is from America. I called her just now.
3. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news.
4. I showed him the letter. I received it this morning.
5. They’re talking about the film. I have seen the film.
6. Jane has borrowed the book. It was written by Laoshe.
7. The girl got first. Her father had given us a report.
8. That is the new machine. The parts of it are too small tosee.
9. I’m a girl. I like surfing the Internet every day.
10. The man used to be a football player. His leg was hurt in amatch two years ago.
11. Emily is wearing a new dress. I bought it for her.
12. I lost a pen. I had written several novels with it.
13. The boy is my classmate. Mike is speaking to him.
14. Mr. Wang is a very kind person. My father works in Mr.Wang’s company.
