英语的人称代词(Personal Pronoun)有三种不同的人称形式:第一人称(First Person);第二人称(Second Person);第三人称(Third Person)。三种人称又各有单、复数形式。.在上列人称代词的不同形式中,还包含了主格(Subjective Case)、宾格(Objective Case)两种“格”的形式。这样,从“格”的形式来划分,英语的人称代词又可归纳为:
主格:I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they
宾格:me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them
此外,还有所有格形式。属格:my,mine,your,yours,his,her,hers,its,our,ours,their,theirs属格又可分为两类:一类是形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)即“物主限定词”;另一类是名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs),即“物主代词”。
主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性物主代词 | 名词性物主代词 | |
第一人称单数 | I | me | my | mine |
第二人称单数 | you | you | your | yours |
第三人称单数 | he | him | his | his |
第一人称复数 | we | us | our | ours |
第二人称复数 | you | you | your | yours |
第三人称复数 | they | them | their | theirs |
人称代词用法:
1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:
John waited a while buteventuallyhewent home.
约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would beMary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:When he arrived, John went straight to thebank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:
I sawherwiththem, at least, I thought it washer.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)
a. -- Who broke thevase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主语补语= It's me.)
说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
人称代词主宾格的替换
1)宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语。
---- I likeEnglish. --我喜欢英语。 ---- Metoo. --我也喜欢。
---- Have morewine? --再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。
He is taller thanI/me.
He is taller than I am.
2)主格代替宾格
a.在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格。
b.在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary.--我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
注意:在动词be或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it wasshe. 我以为是她。 (主格----主格)
I thought it to beher. (宾格----宾格)
I was taken to beshe. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)
They took me to beher. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
物主代词的定义:物主代词实际上是人称代词的所有格形式。根据其句法作用,物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词一定要后接名词(如:This is my book.这是我的书。),名词性物主代词可以独立使用,无需后接名词(如:This book is mine.这本书是我的。)。
物主代词的用法:
1、物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:
John had cut his finger; apparentlythere was a broken glass on his desk.
约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构,例如:
Jack's cap 意为 The cap isJack's.
His cap 意为 The cap is his.
2、形容词性物主代词的句法功能
形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前,用作定语,限定该名词的意义。例如:
My name is JohnGreen.我叫约翰·格林。
Excuse me, is this yourcar?对不起,这是您的车吗?
His parents are in England.他的父母在英国。
They wash their faces every day.他们每天都洗脸。(本句中的their无须译出)
3、名词性物主代词的句法功能
a.作主语,例如:
May I use your pen? Yours worksbetter.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗?你的比我的好用。
b.作宾语,例如:
I love my motherland as much as youlove yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c.作介词宾语,例如:
Your should interpret what I said inmy sense of the word, not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d.作主语补语,例如:
The life I have is yours. It's yours.It's yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。
4.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。例:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, hisbag is blue and your bag is pink.为避免重复使用bag,可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his isblue and yours is pink.
1.________(我) am a teacher.
2.My father is talking with_______(我).
3.This is _______(我的) book.
4._______(他的) chair is blue.
5._______(我们的) classroom is big.
6._______(他) often plays basketball afterschool.
7._______(他的) teacher is good.
8._______(我们) buy a pair of shoes for_______(他).
9.Pleasepass_____(我们) the ball.
10._______(他们) are listening to the radio.
11.________(我) am a teacher.
12.This is_______(她的) bag. That is__________(他的)
13._______(他的) cap is blue._____________(我们的) are yellow.
14.Our chair is better than _________( they).
15.I will give the presentsto________(they).
16.These books are________(I), andthose are____(you).
17.My ruler is long. ________ ( you )is short.
18.My bike is broken. May Iborrow______ ( she)?
19.Can you show _______(I) yourbook?
20.It’s time for ______(they) to gohome.
21.Mr. Green often tells _______(we)some stories.
22.These are not your desks. They are_____(our).
23.This is not my shirt.It’s _______(he)
24.I saw ________(she) in the shopyesterday.
参考答案:
1.I2.me3.my4.His5.Our6.He7.His8. We,him9.us10.They11.I12. her,his13. His,ours14.theirs15.them16. mine,yours17.yours18.hers19.me20.them21.us22.ours23.his24. her