花色三变的使君子(重瓣花)
别称: 山羊屎、色干子、色干根、留求子、仰光藤
学名 : Qiusqualis indica L.
英文名:Rangooncreeper Fruit
分类 : 使君子科、使君子属
原产地:缅甸、马来半岛、新几内亚和菲律宾群岛
图片/ 摄于新加坡HortPark
使君子,为使君子科、使君子属,别名:「留求子」、「色干子」、「山羊屎」、「仰光藤」。落叶性蔓状灌木,幼嫩部被有棕褐色的柔毛,叶对生,长椭圆形,基部近心形,具有短柄,穂状花序,顶生,花为红色,花瓣5片,呈卵圆形,萼筒细长,花柱极长。花朵颜色十分鲜艳,花香芬芳扑鼻。每年夏秋时节,当黄昏来临,初开的白花颜色如玉,第二天清晨却变成了粉红色,到了傍晚时分又变成了红色,过了三四天,则又逐渐变成紫红色,十分的奇特。
使君子花和叶可以提炼香精,果实可驱蛔虫、根有健胃、驱虫之效,治小儿疳疾、健胃等。
中医认为,使君子性味甘温,归脾胃经,有杀虫消积、健脾疗疳的功效。《本草纲目》记载,使君子能“健脾胃,除虚热,治小儿百病疮癣”;“此物味甘气温,既能杀虫,又益脾胃,所以能敛虚热而止泻痢,为小儿诸病要药”;“忌饮热茶,犯之即泻”。使君子可驱除蛔虫、蛲虫等寄生虫,因此尤其适用于小儿。
使君子名称的由来
说起使君子的名字,原来有一个故事。据传北宋年间,四川潘州有位名叫郭使君的医生,因经常上山采药,发现了这种植物,其果实如山桅,体轻内含子仁,去壳尝之,味甘淡气芳香。一位樵夫告诉他,它叫「留球子」。郭使君将留球子带回家去,因尚未干燥,恐其霉变,就放入锅里炒了一下,即芳香四溢,犹如香榧。小孙闻到香味,吵着吃了四五粒,不料第二天竟便出几条蛔虫,中午吃饭胃口大开。郭使君这才明白,留球子原来是一味驱蛔药。于是四方邻里求者络绎不绝,留球子成了中医驱虫的主要药物,郭使君被四邻誉为「哑科医生」(古代称小儿科为哑科),「留球子」的名称也被「使君子」取而代之。
[性状] 果实椭圆形或卵圆形,具5条纵棱,偶有4~9棱,长2.5~4cm,直径约2cm。表面黑褐色至紫黑色,平滑,微具光泽。顶端狭长,基部钝圆,有明显圆形的果梗痕。质坚硬,横切面多于五角星状,棱角处壳较厚。种子长椭圆形或纺锤形,长约2cm,直径约1cm;表面棕褐色或黑褐色,有多数纵皱纹;种皮薄,易剥离;子叶2,黄白色,有油性,断面有裂纹。气微香,味微甜。
[化学成分] 含使君子氨酸(quisqualicacid)、葫芦巴碱(trigonelline)、Ⅰ-脯氨酸、Ⅰ-天冬素等。
[性味] 性温,味甘。
[功能主治] 杀虫消积。用于蛔虫病、蛲虫病、虫积腹痛、小儿疳积。
Called cocuisa in Dominican Republic. An extremely beautifulshrubby vine with pale-pink to deep crimson star shaped flowersthat are borne in tight clusters, covering the entire plant when infull bloom. It's scent is unforgettable and very hard to pin pointit's exact scent, but we would have to say' sweet, fruity andintoxicating! Grows best at temperatures above 40 degrees. Fairlyhardy, One of our favorites for fragrance! This is such a neattropical vine. The fragrant flowers are born in clusters and eachflower has many variations of color, depending on how old theflower is. The flower starts out white and or pink striped and turnsolid pink and finally dark pink on maturity. Leaves - opposite,oblong or obovate. Flowers - short, axillary and terminal droopingracemes, white first and then rosy or scarlet, with a narrow tube.Fruit; oblong, with sharp angles, glabrous, black. Flowers andfruits during May to September. It will die back in lowertemperatures but should come back in the spring. The most popularThai hybrid has double flowers.
Rangoon Creeper, Burma Creeper, Chinese Honeysuckle
Origin: Burma, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, and the PhilippineIslands