爱华网Financial English
金融英语
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Chapter 1 Banks inModern Society
第一章现代社会中的银行
Unit 1 Basic Roles and Services of aBank
第一单元 银行的基本职能和服务
What is a bank?
如何定义银行?
It may be advisable to define a bank as an institution for doingfinancialwork
可以将银行定义为从事金融工作的机构.
Notes What is a bank?
如何定义银行?
It may be advisable to define a bank as an institution for doingfinancialwork
可以将银行定义为从事金融工作的机构.
Notes Banking ;
A modern bank provides manyservices.
现代银行提供多种服务.
One of the most important of these is regular pass booksavings.
其中最重要的一项就是存款储蓄.
If you go to a bank to open a savingsaccount,
如何你去银行开立储蓄 户头,
first of all you'll be asked to fill out a signaturecard.
首先你得填写签名卡.
Notes:
If you go to a bank to open a savings account, ;
first of all you'll be asked to fill out a signature card.
saving account, demand-deposit or checking-accounts,time-deposit
Then you'll be given a passbook in which your initial deposit wouldbe recorded.
然后你会得到一张存折, 上面记载了你的初次 存款.
All deposits and with- drawals from your acc- ount are entered intoyour passbook.
你帐上所有存、取款 都将记入你的存折.
This means that
这就是说
the passbook contains an actual record of saving you have at anyone time.
存折实实在在记录着你每 一次的储蓄情况.
With a regular passbook savingsaccount,
如果是活期存折储蓄帐户,
you would be able to withdraw money whenever you neededit
一旦需要,你随时可以取 款.
All you would have to do is to fill out a withdrawal order andpresentit,
需要做的只是填写取款单,
along with your passbook, to theteller.
然后与存折一并交给出纳
Another important service that banks provide is traveler'schecks.
银行的另一项服务就是旅行支票.
If you went on a vacation or traveled on business to another cityor state,
如果你去另外一个城市 或其它州出差或度假,
you would probably want to bring some traveler's checks withyou.
你很可能想携带旅行 支票.
They have two importa- nt advantages over cash.One is that yourmoney is always safe.
比起现金,旅行支票有两 个重要的优势.一是你 的钱一直会很安全,
If the checks are lost or stolen,you can receive a refund for thetotal amount.
如果支票遗失和被盗, 你会得到如数的退赔.
Another is that they are moreconvenient.
另外一个优势就是旅行支票颇为方便.
For this service the bank charges 1 percent of the amount of thecheck.
银行的这项服务要占支票面额百分之一的费用.
Still another service that banks provide is safe-depositboxes,
银行还提供了一项服务, 就是贵重物品保管箱.
where you can keep important documents and valuablejewelry.
你可以在保管箱里存上 重要文件和贵重珠宝.
If kept in you own home,your valuables might be lost orstolen. 如果将贵重物品放在家里,或许会失丢或被窃.
They might also be destroyed by fire orflood.
或许还会毁于水灾或 火灾.
Safe-deposit boxes are kept in vaults that are usually burglar-proof and fireproof.
贵重物品保管箱存放在通常是防盗、防火的保险库中.
Notes: ;
Safe-deposit boxes are kept in vaults that are usually burglar-proof and fireproof. ;
burglar-proof, a waterproof coat, a bulletproof car, a soundproofroom ;
To get a safe-deposit box,
你要想使用贵重物品保 管箱,
you would have to fill out a signature card and pay a yearly rentalfee.
就得填写签名卡并且付上 一年的租金.
You would be given a key to your box, and the bank would keepanotherkey.
你会拿到一把开箱的钥匙,而银行会留存另一把.
It is impossible to open your box without bothkeys.
没有两把钥匙就不能打开你的箱子.
The banks takes another precaution aswell.
银行还采取了另一预防措施.
Before you can open the box,you must sign a slip ofpaper.
你在开箱之前,必 须在纸上签名.
Your signature is compared with the one on your signaturecard.
这一签名将与你在签名卡上的签名相对比.
You'll not be allowed to open yourbox
你不允许打开箱子,
unless the employee at the bank is satisfied that the signature isgenuine.
直到银行雇员确信签名是 真迹后.
One another important service,
还有一项重要服务
one which many businessmen who travel a great deal take advantageof,
就是许多经常旅行的商人 所利用的服务,
is the creditcard.
即信用卡.
Credit cards are the convenient way of paying hotel bills and otherexpenses.
信用卡是支付酒店帐单 和其他费用的便利手段.
They can also be used for cashadvances.
信用卡还可以用来预支现金.
All charges made on your card are sent to the bank,你卡的一切款项会送到 银行,
and you are billed once a month for the totalamount.
要求你每月付一次总帐.
There is no charge (except for cash adva- nces)if the payment isreceived promptly.
除非预支现金,如能及 时付款,无需任何费用.
To get a credit card,you must fill out anapplication
你如果想拥有一张信用 卡,就必须填写申请表,
that requires you to supply
提供
such personal information as your monthly salary and otherincome.
诸如你每月工资和其他收入之类的个人资料.
If your credit is not good,the bank will not issue such a creditcard.
如果你的信誉不好,银行 就不会给你发卡.
Of course,this information is keptconfidential.
当然这一情况是保密的.
Most of the services described above do not provide a major sourceof income for the bank
上述大多数业务并不能为银行提供主要的收入来源.
How,then,does the bank itself make its money?
那么银行是如何赚钱的呢?
Its largest source of income is throughloans.
最大的收入来源还是 贷款.
The majority of loans made are known as commercialloans
大多数贷款以商业贷款
---loans made to businesses and not toindividuals.
贷给企业而不是个人的 款项,最为人所熟知.
In addition,
此外
banks make real estate loans to individuals for the purchase ofhouses or land,
银行也向想购买住房 或土地的个人提供房地 产贷款,
and they also give pe- rsonal loans to people who want to buy a newcar or a new appliance
还向想购买新车或新设 备的人提供个人贷款.
It is hard to imagine
很难想象,
how the complex business affairs of our modern world could becarried out
人们将如何处理现代社会 复杂的商业事务,
without the many services that a bankprovides.
假如说没有银行提供的 许许多多的服务.
Unit 2 Commercial Banks
第二单元商业银行
Section One Advances
第一部分放款
When a trading banker refers to his bank'sbusiness,
当商业银行提及其银行 业务时,
it means primarily its advancebusiness.
主要是指放款业务.
The provision of credit by way of advances to customers以放款方式向客户提供 贷款
is central to the business of tradingbanks
是商业银行的中心任务,
because it yields the bulk of theirincome,
因为放款是它们大量收入的来源
demands the most impo- rtant policy decisions at every level ofbank administration,
需要各级银行管理机构 的重要决策,
and constitutes the channel through
并且建立了渠道,
which trading banks exercise the greatest influence on a country'seconomy.
使商业银行由此对国家的 经济产生重大影响.
A bank advance can take two forms,loan oroverdraft.
银行放款可以采取两种 形式：贷款或透支.
The distinction betwe- en the two methods does not matter great- lyto the customer.
这两放款方式的差别对 客户关系不大.
With the overdraft method,
采用透支方法借款,
the amount of the agreed advance is noted in the customer'saccount.
银行议定的放款金额在 客户帐户上注明
as the limit up to which he may overdraw hisaccount,
作为该客户可以透支的 "限额",
and interest is charged only on the daily debitbalance.
而利息仅按每日借方 余额计息.
In the case of loans,
至于贷款方式的借款,
the whole amount advanced is at once debited to the custo- mer'sloan account
全部放款金额同时借记 客户的贷款帐户
and credited to his currentaccount.
和贷记其往来帐户.
But since the bank usually allows asubstantial
但是,由于银行通常同意冲抵较少的贷方余额,
interest set-off on any smaller creditbalance,
而在利息上做出很大让步
the interest payable is much the same as under the overdraftprocedure.
应付利息与透支方式的 利息大致相同.
The distinction does, however,make a differ- ence to totals ofdeposits and advances.
然而,这种差别对于存款 和放款的总额来说确有 不同.
If advances take the form of loans, 如果放款采取贷款的 形式,
new credit granted immediately increases advances and deposits bythe fullamount.
发放的新贷款立即全数转入放款和存款中.
In the case of overdrafts,
至于透支方式的放款,
advances and deposits are increased only as the overdraft isused.
只有在使用透支的情况下 放款和存款才会增加.
If figures for unexercised overdrafts were available and were addedto deposits
如果未动用透支的数额 有效并被转入存款,
this difference,too, woulddisappear.
这种差别也就不存在了.
A bank is usually happy to take on newcustomers,
银行通常乐于接纳 新客户,
Notes: A bank is usually happy to take on new customers,
Notes:take on
We've decided to take on a new clerk in the accountsdepartment.
我们决定为会计部聘请 一名新的办事员.
but it naturally scrutinizes more closely outsideapplicants,
但是对于非往来客户申 请者,
of whose credit standing it has no directknowledge
由于对他们的信贷资信情况不直接了解,自然要仔细地审核；
and always makes it a condition of the advance;
并且把这作为一种情况
that the applicant transfer his ordinary banking business toitself.
总以申请者将其普通银行 业务过户到本行为放款条 件.
Nor are all advances formally approved and backed by writtensecurity.
不是每笔放款都需要正式 批准和书面担保.
The Australian trading banks are much less strict than Americanbanks
澳大利亚商业银行比美 国银行要宽松得多;
about debit balances incur red by customers overdrawing their acc-ounts by small amounts
帐户出现小额的
and for short periods without formalapproval
和短期的透支金额, 客户未经批准.
Business firms in good standing with theirbank
与银行保持良好信誉的 商务公司
can usually also count on getting a small overdraft for a shortperiod,
指望得到短期的小额透支
of perhaps a few weeks,without formalsecurity.
或许只有几个星期,通常也可以在无正式担保时.
Notes:
Business firms in good standing with their bank can usually ;
also count on getting a small overdraft for a short period, ;
of perhaps a few weeks,without formal security. ;
Notes:count on ;
You cannot count on the weather beingfine.
你不能指望天气会好起来.
The overdrafts of very large companies are commonlyunsecured.
相当大的公司透支通常 无需担保.
But insistence on written security
但是强调局面担保
is probably more general in Australia than inEngland
在澳大利亚,或许比在英国更为普遍.
where business and particularly personaladvances
在英国,企业、特别是个 人贷款
are still frequently granted on the goodname
仍然常常依靠其良好的信 誉
and the bank's knowledge of the customeralone.
和银行单方面对客户的了解而定.
The usual procedure, when a new advance issought,
当寻求一笔新贷款时, 通常的程序是:
is for the customer to put his request to the bankmanager
客户向银行经理呈交 申请,
who will require information about the applicant's business andfinancialposition
由银行经理对申请人的业务和财物状况、
the purpose of theadvance,
贷款目的、
security offered and arrangements forrepayment;
所示担保和还款计划等 进行咨询.
if the applicant is not well known to the bank,he may ask forreferences.
如果银行不很了解申请人 的话,有可能要求其提 供担保人.
For advances up to a certainamount,
对于一定数量的放款,
the manager has authority to sanction the advance at his owndiscretion,
经理有权自行批准,
though the amount varies from bank to bank
这个数量因不同银行而异
and with the size of the manager'sbranch;
也与经理所在银行的大小而不同,
it may also vary according to whether credit policy is tight oreasy.
同时,也根据信贷政策 的宽松度而改变.
When the advance is approved,
这笔贷款一经同意,
the bank's security department prepares securitydocuments
银行信贷部就准备提交
which may require detailed investigation and valuation.详细的调查和评估担保 文件.
When these are completed,
当一切完成后,
the agreed limit is recorded in the customer's advanceaccount.
银行同意的贷款数额则记 入客户的预付款帐户.
All advance accounts are kept under regularreview,
所有预付款帐户都要 定期检查,
and customers may be requested to
并且要求客户
comply with the formal or informal repaymentarrangements.
遵守正式或非正式的还款 计划.
