爱华网1 时间状语从句
A 引导词：when, as, while, as soonas(刚。。。就), before, after,since, till, until
B 特殊引导词：the minute/ the moment/the second/ theinstant/ immediately/ directly（一。。就）, nosooner…than(刚。。。就);hardly…when(刚。。。就);scarcely…when（一。。就）every time, theday,等。
The children ran away from the orchard the moment they sawguard
No sooner had I arrived home than it began torain.
The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heardthe noise.
Directly I walked in the door I smeltsmoke
C 时间状语从句不用将来时态，通常用现在时态表示将来。但是when引导名词性从句时，可以用将来时。
I will talk about it when I seehim.（状语）
I don’t know when he’ll be back.(宾语)
D when,while,as比较
1 When 可以引导瞬间动词arrive和延续性动词stay。它表示主句和从句同时发生，也可以表示从句发生于主句之前。
When the film ended, the people wentback.
2 when可以表示“正当这时”，前面的分句用过去式，过去完成时或was（were）about to=was(were) on the point of(打算); was(were) onthe way to;而as,while无法表达。
I was on my way to school when I saw a trafficaccident.
While引导延续性动词。它表示主句的动作只能发生在从句表达的时间段内。它可以和when互换。
Please don’t talk so loud while others areworking.
1 As 既可以用瞬间动词，也可以延续动词。可以和when,while互换。
2 也可以表示“随着。。”
We get wiser as we get older
3表示“一边。。一边。。”
John sings as he works
E while表示转折和对照.
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while infact, I was talking about my daughter.
F as+名词=when从句
As a young man, he was fond of hunting.
G before引导的时间从句,主句动作先于从句动作发生.
1…才
It will be 5 years before he returns to hishomeland.
2…就
We hadn’t waited long before he cameout.
3 还没有; 免得
He died before he wrote a will.
I must write it down before I forget.
H since从句的谓语动词如果表示持续性或是状态,时态用一般过去时,则时间的起点应从动作的完成或状态的结束时算起.
I haven’t heard from him since he lived here自从他不住在这儿起,我一直没有收到他的信.
1 如果时态是完成时,则时间的起点应从动作的发生或状态开始时算.
I have written her 20 letters since I have beenhere. 自从我到这儿来,我已经给她写了20封信了.
I till/until
1 两者引导的从句或短语与肯定的主句连用时,主句的谓语必须是延续性动词,表示主句的动作一直持续到until/till所表示的时间为止.
He remained there till she arrived.
2 两者引导的从句或短语与否定的主句连用时,主句的谓语必须是非延续动词,表示”直到..才”.
He won’t go to bed until she returns.
3 两者用一般现在时表示将来.
4 not until位于句首时,主句必须用倒装语序.
Not until years later could I realize the value of thatkind of giving.
5 强调句中”it was notuntil…that…”
It was not until she came to see us that we knew hermother was ill in bed.
2 地点状语从句
A 引导词：where (在..地方)
B 特殊引导词：wherever(无论哪里), anywhere,everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there arefactories
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
I'll take you anywhere you like
3 原因状语从句
引导词：because, since, as
特殊引导词：seeing (that)/in that/ considering(that)（鉴于，考虑到）, giventhat（考虑到）nowthat（既然）; not that…butthat…(不是。。。而是。。)
Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided totake a plane.
Now (that) you've passed your test, you can drive on yourown.
Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we’ll stay athome.
I'm in a slightly awkward position, in that he's notarriving until 10th.
Not that she forgot to do her homework, but that she wasbusy taking care of a sick classmate.
A because, since, as，for比较
1 Because表示原因语气最强，经常表示听者未知的原因。其引导的从句往往放于句末，成为信息的焦点。通常回答why的问题，又可以放在强调句型中成为被强调的部分。
It is because you are lazy that you have lost thejob.
2 as, since所给出的原因常是已知的原因，或是句中不重要的部分，也不在强调句中作为被强调的内容。
Since the rain has stopped, let’s go for awalk.
3 for 作为并列连词，它与后面分句对前一句进行补充说明，常用逗号分开。
It must have rained last night, for the ground iswet.
4 目的状语从句
A 引导词：to the end that/so that/ in orderthat(以便)
B 特殊引导词：lest= for fearthat（以免,生怕）, in the hopethat, on purpose that, in case(以防)
They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around WestLake.
She explained again and again in case we should misunderstandher.(in case 可以使用一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去式表示过去将来，还可以用should表示推定，should 可以省略)
They spoke in whisper for fear (that) they might wake thebaby.
The teacher raised her voice on purpose that student could hearclearly
Nature has given ustwo ears, two eyes, and but one tongue to the end that we shouldhear and see more than wespeak.
5 结果状语从句
A 引导词：so…that//such…that(如此。。以致)—如果so,such位于句首，主句要部分倒装。
B 特殊引导词：such that// to such a degreethat（..到某种程度以至于）but(that), to theextent that(就。。来说),with the resultthat（结果）; so that(如果表示结果，有逗号分开。表示目的，通常用情态动词)
It is such a good chance that we mustn’t miss it.//such agood chance is it that we mustn’t miss it.
I’m not such a fool but （that）I understandyou. 我绝对不会蠢得连你都不了解（否定词+so/such…but）
He was excited to such a degree, he couldn’t sleep allnight.
Their anxiety was such that they could notsleep.
The study of history has value only tothe extent that it is relevant to our daily lives
The roof had fallen in, so that the hut was out of use.//Iwill wash the clothes so that you can wear ittomorrow.
C so…that和such…that区别
So为副词，修饰形容词，副词；such为形容词，修饰名词。
So+形容词such+a/an(+形容词)+单数名词
So+形容词+a/an+名词单数+that从句such(+形容词)+复数名词+that从句
So+副词such(+形容词)+不可数名词
So many/few+复数名词
So much/little+不可数名词
6 条件状语从句
A 引导词：if, unless(除非)
B 特殊引导词：as/so long as（只要）;only if/if only(若是),provided/ providing that/on condition that（在。。条件下）, as far as/so faras（只要）, even if(即使)，in case(万一); (let’s) say =suppose/supposing(that)=assuming (that)假设;granted/granting(that)假定,姑且，就算；given(that) 假定
You will fail unless you study hard.
I am happy as long as you are happy.
We can finish the job in time provided that there is fullsupply of materials
Let’s say you didn’t know me, would you helpme?
C unless不用于虚拟条件句。
D if only强调if; onlyif强调only；语气比if强；表示“只有。。。（的条件下）才能。。”，体现唯一。
If only he gets this job, it will make a great deal ofdifference.
E when可以当if用。
How can I explain it to you when/if you won’tlisten?
7让步状语从句
引导词：though, although, even if/eventhough即使
特殊引导词：as; while=whereas鉴于/虽然，whether ornot/whether or 不管, in spite of the fact that/for youthat/not withstanding that/despite the fact that/regardlessof尽管；or(前后两个意义相反的词语)
what/who/whose/which/when/where/how/whom+ever;
nomatter+whether..or/what/who/whose/which/when/where/how/whom等。
In spite of the fact that he failed exam, he will nevergive up.
Whether or not they agreed with his views, many peoplethought deeply.
Whenever you come back, don’t wake meup.
Right or wrong, this is my temper.
A though, although区别
1 although比though语气强，两者可以互换。主句可以用yet, still,nevertheless呼应。
Though I believe it, yet I mustconsider.
2 though用作并列连词，表示“yet, however,but”意思，although不可以。
It wasn’t my decision, though I think I agree withit.
3 though可以用作副词，放在句末。表示“但是，不过”，although不可以。
He said he would help me; he didn’t,though.
Bas/though/that引导的异常语序
形容词/分词
副词+as/though/that 主语+谓语
动词(动词前置，主语后用情态动词，若没有情态，主语后面加do/does/did.若动词是及物，宾语一起提前。)
名词（无冠词）
King as he was, he was unhappy.
Cold that it is, the children playoutside.
Change your mind as you will, you will get no help fromus.
8 比较状语从句
引导词：as..; than…;
特殊引导词：the 比较级…the 比较级…; justas…so…(正如..);
The more you eat, the fatter you are.
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backwardideas from our minds.
A as long as表示同级比较，否定句中可以换用so longas.
The bridge is not as/so long as thatbridge.
9 方式状语从句
引导词：as, as if（asthough）, justas…as正如
特殊引导词：the way
Just as water is to fish, so air is toman.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents havetaught us.
Aas it is/was用在句首，可以表示“事实上”，用在句尾时，表示“按原来的样子”
I thought conditions would get better, but as it is theyare getting worse.
Leave it as it is.
B as it were 用作插入语，表示“仿佛，好像“
He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.
从句的简化（通常有条件，时间，让步，方式，比较从句）
A 主句和从句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词可以一起省略。
When (the museum is ) completed, the museum will be opennext year.
B 从句为it is形式，可以一起省略。
He will go to the seaside for his holiday if（it is ）possible.
C 比较状语从句通常省略。
I am taller than he (is tall)
D 从句中的部分内容与主句的部分内容相同，可以将从句中的此部分内容省去。
He has no money. If (he has)any, he will giveus.
简化构成形式
1 连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride abike.
2 连词+名词
While （he was）a young boy, hewas always ready to help others.
3 连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singinga pop song.
4 连词+过去分词
He won’t go there unless (he is)invited.
5 连词+不定式
He stood there as if (he were) to saysomething.
6 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) introuble.
