爱华网倒 装 句
英语中主语和谓语的顺序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或是部分却提到主语前面，这种语序叫做倒装。倒装的原因一是语法的需要，一是为了强调。
1完全倒装（Full Inversion）
完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。常见的结构有：
1)There be结构中
There is a girl standing under the tree.
There existed a beautiful river through the village.
3)here,there,in, out, up,down, back, off, away, over,now,then,thus等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是come,go, be, seem, follow等不及物动词，主语为名词时，用Here/There+v.+S结构。
Theregoesthebell.Outrushedaboyfrom the room. Away went the angry man.
Now comes your turn to have your hair cut.Thus ended the meeting.
4）表示存在关系的句子中表地点的副词或介词短语提到句首时，主语为名词时。
Aheadsatanoldwomancarrying a baby in her arms.
At the foot of the mountain lies a village.
5）表语位于句首
Present at the meeting were some experts and a few experiencedteachers.
Hanging behind the door is an old coat.
Such was Einstein, a great scientist.
6)直接引语置于句首时
“Well,” said the Japanese, “I’ll go now.”
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不倒装。 Herehecomes. Awaytheywent.Off he went. Here you are.
2部分倒装(PartialInversion)
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，no,not,never,seldom,little,few,hardly, rarely, nowhere,atnotime,innoway,on no condition, on no account, by no means…等。 Byno means shall we give up.
Neverbefore has our school been as beautiful asit is now.
In no city of China does the government care littleabout the economic development.
2)only和状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)在句首要引起部分倒装
OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.
Only when he returned did welearned the news.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayinbed.
Only修饰主语时句子不倒装Only I can answer the question.
3)as,though引导的倒装句:as/though引导的让步从句将表语（名词、形容词）或副词,分词,实义动词提前。
Much as I like him, I won’t marry him. Young as heis, he is helpful.
Strange as it might sound, his ideas were acceptedby all the people at the meeting.
Try as he would, he might failagain.
Poor boy as he was, he was verygenerous..
注意:让步状语从句中有though/although时，后面不能有but，但though和yet可连用。
4)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.
Should it rain tomorrow, the match would be put off.
Had you not helped me, I wouldn’t havesucceeded.
5)几个重要的句型中的倒装
1、以否定词开头的固定句型中在第一个分句用部分倒装,如Notonly…butalso,(不仅……而且)Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than（一……就）
Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.
Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.
注意：只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.
2、so,neither,nor开头作部分倒装,表示"也"、"也不"。
I am doing my homework. So are my classmates.
Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.
注意：Jack is a student and studies at the No.2 MiddleSchool.
So it is with Mike./It is thesame with Mike.
注意：当so引出的句子对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.
---It'sraininghard. ---Soitis.
3、so/such…that句型中的so/such位于句首时，其所在的主句需倒装。
Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
So carelessly was he driving that he almost killedhimself.
Such a tall building did she climb up that she wasout of breath.
4、Neither……nor……（不……也不……）句中前后分句皆倒装
[]Neither can he read; nor can he write.
但是当neither……nor连接的是两个词时，不倒装。
Neither he nor I can answer the question.
5、当Notuntil…（直到……才）引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.
6）表频率的副词often, many a time, always, every otherday…开头，用部分倒装
Often do wewarn them not to swim in the river.
7)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
Long live the People’s Republic ofChina!May you succeed!
Long may she live to enjoy her good fortune! (愿她长寿以享幸福)
3.几种特殊形式的倒装:只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓不倒装。注意以下几个句型：
（1）感叹句:What + 名词（短语）+主谓！What an interesting talk they had!
How + 形容词、 副词 +主谓！How interesting their talk was!
（2）The more…，the more…句型。Ilike the painting better, the more I look at it.
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
（3）Whatever, however+ adj./ adv.引导让步状语从句句型。
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the catjumpedB. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped thecatD. Jumped up the cat
2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brownin came C. In cameheD. came in Mr Brown
3.Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling thegoatB. rolled the goat C. did the goatroll D. thegoat rolled
4.—Where is my shirt, mum?—_________.
A. There isitB. There it is C. ThereisD. Here is it
5. —Where is your father? —Oh, ________.
A. here hecomesB. he here comes C. here does he come D. herecomes he
6.The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an oldmanB. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter D. an old manentered
7. Now ______your turn to recite the text.
A. will come B. comes C. hascome D. there is
8.Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advisedB. advisedme C. did we advise D. had we advised
9.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was twoboys
10. On the wall ______two large portraits.
A. are hanging B. hanged C.hang D.hangs
11._______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier B.Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldierwas D. Amongthey was a soldier
12. Next door to ours ________, who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an oldman B. doesan old man live
C. lives an oldmanD. wherelives an old man
13.She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of usdoes B. everyone of us does
C. so does every one ofus D. so doevery one of us
14.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so youdo B. so hedoes; so do you
C. so does he; so doyou D. sodoes he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting.—__________.
A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we
16.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.
A. nor willMaryB. and Mary doesn’t C. Mary willeitherD. or Mary does
17. She is fond of cooking, _____I.
A. so am B. noramC. neither do D. nor do
18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his nativelanguage.________.
A. So it was withEngles B. Sowas it with Engles
C. So wasEnglesD.So did Engles
19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.
A. So does a manB.So will a man
C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed _______the work that she often forgot to _____ hermeals.
A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make
C. was she in; takeD. she had been in; have
21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hearhim.
A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke
22. __________ his appearance that no one could recognizehim.
A. Strange so was B. So strangewas C. Was so strange D. So wasstrange
23.Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change B. theychanged C. changedtheyD. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing B. had I seen C.I have seen D. have I seen
25.Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watchB.are they watching C. have they watched D. do theywatch
26.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A. the flowers were so beautiful B. were the flowers sobeautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers D. so beautiful the flowerswere
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he B. he hadfinished C. did he finish D. had he finished
28.Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into theclassroom.
A. had they; than B. they had; when C. had they; when D. did they;when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made B. does he make C. hemadeD. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit hismistake.
A. had he begun B. began he C. did he begin D.does he begin
31.______sohard,theywouldn’thavewonthegame.
A.Hadn’tastheytrainedB.Hardlytheytrained
C.Hadn’ttheytrainedD.Weretheytraining
32.---DoyouknowJimhasbeenfiredbyhisboss?
---Idon’tknow,______.
A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso
33.Littleabouther own safety ,though she was in great dangerherself.
A did RosecareB Rose didcare C Rose doescare D doesRose care
34. So sudden _________ that the enemy had no timeto escape.
A. did theattack B. theattackdidC. was theattackD. the attack was
7.Seeing the owner, away ______.
A. the thief ranB.the thief runs C. did the thief ran D. ran the thief
35.---Whydidn’tyoubuyit?
---______,nordidthecoloragreewithme.
A.BecausethepricewashighB.Notonlydidn’titfitme
C.ForIdislikeditsmaterialD.Neitherwasthepricesatisfactory
答案
1—5CABBA6—10 BBCAA
11—15 BCCBA16—20 AAACC
21—25ABADD26—30 BDCDC
31—35CBACD
