美国海外基地建设到60年代肯尼迪总统时期达到高潮,仅较大的基地就达1000多个。以后随着国际风云的变幻,其海外基地数量逐渐减少。时至今日,美国在海外较大的军事基地仍有数百个。
根据2007年美国国防部对军事设施的统计:
美国本土:大型基地97个,中型基地107个,小型基地3640个,其他军事设施558个,总数4402个;
美国海外领土:大型基地3个,中型基地2个,小型基地54个,其他军事设施17个,总数86个;
美国在其他国家和地区:大型基地14个,中型基地20个,小型基地742个,其他军事设施47个,总数823个;
其中包括:
陆军:大型基地1个,中型基地9个,小型基地348个,其他军事设施13个,总数371个;
海军:大型基地4个,中型基地3个,小型基地134个,其他军事设施13个,总数154个;
空军:大型基地8个,中型基地5个,小型基地240个,其他军事设施15个,总数268个;
海军陆战队:大型基地1个,中型基地3个,小型基地20个,其他军事设施6个,总数30个;
美军海外基地共分五大地区:
红色表示美国驻军1000人以上,粉红色表示美国驻军100人以上,淡红色表示有军事设施
北美地区主要分布在:
——格陵兰:现有美国空军基地1个:Thule AirBase
——加拿大:
——百慕大群岛:
欧洲地区,北大西洋地区主要分布在:
——德国:曾经有188个美军基地,最多时驻军21万人。现在大约有5.4万人,主要是陆军。
现有美国陆军59个基地(见附录1)
现有美国海军陆战队基地1个:Camp PanzerKaserne, B?blingen
现有美国空军基地4个:
Ansbach
NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen,Geilenkirchen
Ramstein Air Base
Spangdahlem Air Base
——意大利:曾经有9个基地和40个左右的军事设施,陆海空军皆有分布,驻军约1.5万人。
现有陆军基地4个:
Aviano Air Base
Caserma Ederle Vicenza
Camp Darby,Pisa-Livorno
Naval Air StationSigonella
现有海军基地3个:
Naval Support ActivityNaples
含NCTS Naples
Naval Air StationSigonella
Naval Support ActivityGaeta
现有空军基地3个:
Aviano Air Base
Sigonella Naval AirStation
Camp Darby(Pisa-Livorno)
——英国:曾经有103个基地和设施。主要是空军和通讯,情报,雷达,声纳设施。
现有美国空军基地5个:
RAF Lakenheath, Brandon,Suffolk
RAF Menwith Hill, YorkshireDales
RAF Mildenhall,Mildenhall
RAF Croughton, UpperHeyford
RAF Alconbury,Cambridgeshire
——西班牙:曾经有4个军事基地和8个通讯站,驻军12500名。
现有海军基地1个:Rota NavalStation
现有空军基地2个:在安达卢西亚,欧洲最南端,离非洲很近
Morón Air Base,Andalusia
Morón de la Frontera,Andalusia
——希腊:曾经有20个左右军事基地,驻军3000人。
现有海军基地1个:Naval SupportActivity Souda Bay, Souda Bay, Crete
——葡萄牙:1个军事基地,在亚速尔群岛的拉日什,驻军1400人左右。
现有空军基地一个:Lajes Field,Azores
——荷兰:现有美国空军基地1个:Joint Force Command Brunssum
——保加利亚:
现有美国陆军基地2个:
Aitos Logistics Center
Novo Selo Range
现有美国空军基地2个:
Bezmer Air Base
Graf Ignatievo Air Base
——科索沃:美国陆军曾经有3个基地,现在剩下两个:
Camp Bondsteel
Film City, Pristina
Camp Monteith (Closed to theUS army since March 2007)
——冰岛:有军事设施
——挪威:有军事设施
——比利时:有军事设施
——卢森堡:有军事设施
——丹麦:有军事设施
——圣赫勒拿(英属):有军事设施
中东和印度洋海湾地区主要分布在:
——伊拉克:(美国陆军基地列表见附录2,即将裁撤)
——阿富汗:
美国海军陆战队8个基地列表见附录5
美国空军基地3个:
Bagram Airfield
Shindand Airbase
Kandahar InternationalAirport
——科威特:(美国陆军曾经有15个基地,现在还有7个基地,见附录3)
——卡塔尔:美国空军基地:Al Udeid Air Base.
——巴林:
现有美国海军基地2个:
Naval Support ActivityBahrain
Naval Detachment Dubai
——土耳其:现有空军基地1个:Incirlik Air Base (吉尔利空军基地)
——阿曼:有军事设施
——以色列:
现有美国陆军设施:The Dimona RadarFacility是雷达站,驻军120人
现有美国海军设施:The Port of Haifamaintains facilities for the United States SixthFleet.海军驻海法港设施
——迪戈加西亚(DiegoGarcia,英美共管):是美国在印度洋地区的唯一基地,驻有1500名海军,存有武器和可供修港口的7000吨设备。
——索马里:(已经撤出)
亚洲太平洋地区主要分布在:
主要分布在菲律宾、日本、韩国等国家和地区。具体分布情况是:
——日本:曾经有32个基地,其中陆军基地15个、海军基地14个、空军基地3个,驻军5万。
现有美国陆军基地3个:
Camp Zama, Tokyo
Torii Station, Okinawa
Fort Buckner, Okinawa
现有海军陆战队基地4个:
Marine Corps Base CampSmedley D. Butler, Okinawa. 下设8个兵营:
Camp Courtney
Camp Foster
Camp Gonsalves (Jungle Warfare TrainingCenter)
Camp Hansen
Camp Kinser
Camp Lester
Camp McTureous
Camp Schwab
Marine Corps Air StationFutenma, Okinawa
Marine Corps Air StationIwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture
Camp Fuji, ShizuokaPrefecture
现有海军基地4个:
United States FleetActivities Yokosuka
United States FleetActivities Sasebo
Naval Air FacilityAtsugi
Naval Forces Japan,Okinawa
现有空军基地3个:
Kadena Air Base, OkinawaPrefecture
Misawa Air Base, Misawa,Aomori
Yokota Air Base, Tokyo
——韩国:有120个基地和设施。较大的有40余个,其中陆军基地36个、空军基地4个,海军基————地2个。
陆军基地36个:(见附录4)
现有海军基地1个:Commander FleetActivities Chinhae
现有空军基地2个:
Kunsan Air Base
Osan Air Base
——关岛:
美国海军基地:Naval Base Guam
美国空军基地:Andersen Air ForceBase
——新加坡: 美国空军基地1个:Paya Lebar Air Base
——吉尔吉斯斯坦:美国空军基地1个:Transit Center at Manas
——马绍尔群岛:有军事设施
——澳大利亚:有军事设施
——安提瓜和巴布达:有军事设施
——菲律宾:(已经撤出)
中南美洲主要分布在:
——古巴:在古巴的关塔那摩岛(Guantanamo Bay Naval Base)有1个海军基地和24个左右的军事设施。
——安提瓜和巴布达岛:1个海军基地。
——巴西:美国海军设施:Sao Paulo, Naval Support Detachment
——洪都拉斯:有军事设施
——巴哈马群岛:有军事设施
——秘鲁:有军事设施
——阿鲁巴:有军事设施
——哥伦比亚:有军事设施
——厄瓜多尔:有军事设施
——荷属安地列斯群岛:有军事设施
——巴拿马:曾经有有14个军事基地,驻军12000名。(已经撤出)
=== ===
附录1:2011年美国陆军在德国的军事设施:
Artillery Kaserne,Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Askren Manors Housing Area, Schweinfurt
Bamberg Local Training Area, Bamberg
Barton Barracks, Ansbach
Benjamin Franklin Village, Mannheim (Scheduled to close December2012)
Bismarck Kaserne, Ansbach
Bleidorn Housing Area, Ansbach
Campbell Barracks, Heidelberg (Scheduled to close 2015)
Coleman Barracks, Mannheim (Scheduled to close 2015)
Conn Barracks, Schweinfurt
Dagger Complex, Darmstadt Training Center Griesheim
Funari Barracks, Mannheim (Scheduled to close December 2012)
Germersheim Army Depot, Germersheim
Grafenw?hr Training Area, Grafenw?hr/Vilseck
Hammonds Barracks, Mannheim
Heidelberg Army Airfield, Heidelberg
Hohenfels Training Area/Joint Multinational Readiness Center,Hohenfels (Upper Palatinate)
Husterhoeh Kaserne, Pirmasens
Kaiserslautern Military Community
Katterbach Kaserne, Ansbach
Kelley Barracks, Stuttgart
Kilbourne Kaserne, Schwetzingen (Scheduled to close 2015)
Kleber Kaserne, Kaiserslautern Military Community
Lampertheim Training Area, Lampertheim (Scheduled to close2015)
Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl
Ledward Barracks, Schweinfurt
Mark Twain Village, Heidelberg (Scheduled to close 2015)
McCully Barracks, Wackernheim
Miesau Army Depot, Miesau
Nachrichten Kaserne, Heidelberg (Scheduled to close 2015)
Oberdachstetten Storage Area, Ansbach
Panzer Kaserne, Stuttgart
Patch Barracks, Stuttgart
Pulaski Barracks, Kaiserslautern
Patrick Henry Village, Heidelberg (Scheduled to close late2014)
Patton Barracks, Heidelberg (Scheduled to close 2015)
Rhein Ordnance Barracks, Kaiserslautern
Robinson Barracks, Stuttgart
Rose Barracks, Vilseck
Rottershausen Storage Area, Schweinfurt
Sembach Kaserne, Kaiserslautern
Shipton Kaserne, Ansbach
Smith Barracks, Baumholder
Spinelli Barracks, Mannheim (Scheduled to close 2015)
Storck Barracks, Illesheim
Stuttgart Army Airfield, Stuttgart
Sullivan Barracks, Mannheim (Scheduled to close 2014)
Tompkins Barracks, Schwetzingen (Scheduled to close 2015)
Wiesbaden Army Airfield, Wiesbaden
Storage Station, Mainz-Kastel
Warner Barracks, Bamberg
USAG Wiesbaden Military Training Area, MainzGonsenheim/Mombach
USAG Wiesbaden Training Area, Mainz Finthen
USAG Wiesbaden Radar Station, Mainz Finthen
Urlas Housing and Shopping Complex, Ansbach (converted from UrlasTraining Area in 2010-2011)
Yorktown Housing Complex, Schweinfurt
Anderson Barracks, Dexheim (will reopen)
附录2:2011美国陆军在伊拉克的基地(即将全部撤出)
al-Faw Palace,part of the Victory Base Complex, headquarters of the United StatesForces - Iraq in Baghdad
Camp Adder, also known as Ali Air Base and Tallil Air Base, locatedin Nasiriyah
Camp Ashraf, located near Khalis
Camp Banzai, located in Kadhimiya, formerly Camp Justice
Camp Bucca, located near Umm Qasr
Camp Cropper, part of the Victory Base Complex near Baghdad
Camp Dreamland, located in Fallujah, formally known as CampBaharia
Camp Fallujah, located in Fallujah
Camp Liberty, part of the Victory Base Complex near Baghdad
Camp Nama, located in Baghdad, operations moved to LSAAnaconda
Camp Rustamiyah, located in Baghdad, formerly Camp Cuervo
Camp Slayer, part of the Victory Base Complex near Baghdad
Camp Striker, part of the Victory Base Complex near Baghdad
Camp Taji, located near Taji, Iraq
Camp Victory, primary component of the Victory Base Complex nearBaghdad
COP Shocker, located in Zurbatiyah
COB Speicher, located near Tikrit, Iraq
FOB Abu Ghraib, located outside Baghdad
FOB Caldwell, located near Kir Kush
FOB Carpenter, located near Salman Pak
FOB Echo, located in ad-Diwaniyah
FOB Falcon, located near Baghdad
FOB Grizzly, located near Al Khalis, formerly FOB Spartan, FOB RedLion, and FOB Barbarian
FOB Hammer, located in Besmaya, formerly known as FOBShakoosh,
FOB Iskandariyah, located on the grounds of the Musayyib PowerPlant
FOB Kalsu, located in Iskandariya
FOB Loyalty, located in Baghdad
FOB Marez, located in Mosul
FOB MacKenzie, located in Samarra, formerly FOB Pacesetter
FOB Prosperity, located at as-Salam in Baghdad
FOB Q-West, located just outside Mosul
FOB Sykes, located near Tall'Afar
Logistics Base Seitz, part of the Victory Base Complex nearBaghdad
Victory Base Complex (VBC), a cluster of U.S. militaryinstallations surrounding the Baghdad International Airport(BIAP).
附录3:2011美国陆军在科威特基地
Camp Ali Al Salem
Camp Arifjan
Camp Buehring (formerly Camp Udairi)
"K" Crossing
Camp Patriot (located on Kuwait Navy Base)
Camp Spearhead (SPOD at Ash Shuaybah)
Camp Virginia
以下科威特基地已经裁撤:
Camp Doha (closed in 2006, forces and equipment distributed amongCamps Arifjan and Buehring)
Camp Navistar(closed 2007)
Camp New Jersey (closed in 2004) Combined to become part of CampVirginia
Camp New York (closed in 2004, reactivated and deactiviated severaltime since.)
Camp Pennsylvania (closed in 2004)
Camp Victory (closed in 2006)
Camp Wolverine (closed in 2004)
Camp Maine (closed in 2003)
附录4:2011美国陆军在韩国基地(部分已经关闭或为临时基地)
CampAmes
Camp Carroll
Camp Casey
Camp Castle
Camp Colbern
Camp Coiner
USAG Daegu
Camp Essayons
Camp George
Hannam Village
Camp Henry
Camp Hialeah
Camp Hovey
Camp Humphreys
Camp Jackson
Camp Kwangsa Ri
Camp Kyle
Camp Long
Camp Market
Camp Nimble
Camp Red Cloud
Camp Sears
Camp Stanley
Camp Walker
Camp Yongin
H220 Heliport
K-16 Air Base
Kunsan Pol Terminal Site
Madison Site
Masan Ammunition Depot
Pier #8
Swiss and Swede Camp MAC HQ
Tango (U.S. Army)
Yong Pyong
USAG Yongsan
[[Henry Gong]}
附录5:2011美国海军陆战队在阿富汗基地列表
Camp Dwyer
Camp Leatherneck
Camp Rhino
FOB Delhi
FOB Delaram
FOB Fiddler's Green
FOB Geronimo
PB Jaker
附录6:部分美国海外军事基地坐标
1美国驻德国斯潘达勒姆空军基地49°58'15.80"N 6°41'21.21"E
2美国驻德国海登堡陆军巴顿兵营 49°23'40.79"N 8°40'26.24"E -
3美国驻德国海登堡陆军司令部 49°23'12.56"N 8°41'6.24"E
4美国驻德国斯图加特陆军飞机场 48°41'20.08"N 9°12'7.01"E
5美国驻德国曼海姆陆军飞机场 49°33'40.67"N 8°27'52.34"E
6美国驻德国海登堡陆军飞机场 49°23'32.68"N 8°39'11.34"E
7美国驻德国威斯巴登陆军飞机场 50° 2'41.42"N 8°19'31.95"E
8美国驻德国安斯巴赫陆军基地 49°18'42.47"N 10°38'36.95"E
9美陆军驻德国维斯柏顿第12航空旅 49°39'12.64"N 9°58'22.33"E
10美陆军驻德国伊利森姆第11航空团 49°28'36.14"N 10°23'1.67"E
11美军驻德国哈瑙陆军航空队 50° 9'47.09"N 8°57'42.33"E
12美驻德国维尔茨堡第一步兵师司令部 50° 3'14.39"N 10°10'18.60"E
13美驻德国霍思菲尔斯陆军战斗机动训练中心 49°13'37.31"N 11°50'28.64"E
14美国驻德国拉姆斯泰因空军基地 49°26'9.21"N 7°36'41.98"E
1美国驻日本冲绳第3陆战师基地 26°23'32.17"N 127°51'19.08"E
2美国驻日本横田空军基地 35°44'30.65"N 139°20'46.30"E
3美国驻日本嘉手纳空军基地 26°21'8.94"N 127°46'25.34"E
4美国驻日本三泽航空基地 42°48'23.53"N 141°39'28.57"E
5美国驻日普天间陆战队航空基地 26°16'5.87"N 127°45'20.75"E
6美国驻日本岩国陆战队航空站 34° 8'31.90"N 132°14'19.60"E
7美国驻日本厚木海军飞机场 35°27'18.84"N 139°26'47.71"E
8美国驻日本佐世保海军基地 33° 9'40.57"N 129°42'51.06"E
1美驻韩国汉城永山陆军基地(第8集团军司令部) 37°31'33.03"N 126°59'16.06"E
2美国驻韩国大邱陆军沃克军营 35°50'10.88"N 128°35'19.90"E
3美国驻韩国陆军凯西兵营 37°55'25.21"N 127° 3'42.51"E
4美国驻韩国大邱空军基地 35°53'45.55"N 128°39'22.44"E
5美国驻韩国群山空军基地 35°54'2.66"N 126°37'9.38"E
6美国驻韩国金海空军基地 35°11'16.89"N 128°56'28.25"E
7美国驻韩国水原空军基地 37°14'24.74"N 127° 0'19.01"E
8美国驻韩国乌山空军基地 37° 5'17.72"N 127° 1'13.43"E
1美国驻科威特萨勒姆空军基地 29°20'56.61"N 47°31'22.53"E -
2美国驻科威特美军乌代利兵营 29°42'13.74"N 47°25'34.07"E
3美国驻科威特多哈兵营 29°21'48.49"N 47°48'36.32"E
4美国驻科威特贾巴尔空军基地 28°56'18.85"N 47°47'39.05"E
1美国驻阿富汗巴格拉姆空军基地 34°56'48.54"N 69°15'38.31"E
2美国驻阿富汗喀布尔机场空军基地 34°33'40.64"N 69°13'10.34"E
1美国驻马绍尔群岛夸贾林环礁陆军机场 9°23'44.58"N 167°28'28.23"E
2美国驻马绍尔群岛夸贾林环礁陆军航空队基地 8°43'31.98"N 167°44'7.34"E
1关岛安德森空军基地 13°34'29.41"N 144°55'19.91"E
1美国驻古巴关塔那摩军事基地 19°54'59.96"N 75°