先来看看Ethnography的各种定义:- Ethnography is "the science ofcontextualization" often used in the field of socialsciences—particularly in anthropology, in some branches ofsociology, and in historical science—that studies people, ethnicgroups and other ethnic formations, their ethnogenesis,composition, resettlement, social welfare characteristics, as wellas their material and spiritual culture. [Wikipedia, Greenhouse,Carol (2009)](大意:Ethnography是自然科学中的一门学科,作为人类学和历史学的重要部分,它提供了对人类社会中种族,民族形成,种族进化,构成,移居,社会福利等等的描述和研究。
- A qualitative description ofthe human social condition,based on fieldwork andobservation. [JonKolko, SCAD](大意:在实地观察基础上,对人类社会环境的定性描述。)
- Ethnography literally means 'aportrait of a people.' An ethnography is a written description of aparticular culture - the customs, beliefs, and behavior - based oninformation collected through fieldwork. [Marvin Harris and OrnaJohnson, 2000](大意:Ethnography就象肖像画一样。它是在实地观察和收集相关信息之后,对某文化风俗,信仰和行为的书面描述。)
以上3中定义中,2和3更接近我们在用户研究中对EthnographicResearch的定义。从中可以看到,Ethnographic有这些重要组成部分:1. Based on fieldwork(实地观察调研)2. Contextual/Social condition(并不是仅人本身的研究,更多的是观察生活环境,风俗习惯,行为等多方面对人造成的影响)3. Qualitative Description(区别于quantitativestudy,研究不是为了生成一分定量报告,得出统计结果,比如说20%的人喜欢喝果汁等等。EthnographicResearch着重于对调查对象的特性的总结和描述。)
![有关EthnographicResearch--Part1:在用户研究中的ethnography](http://img.aihuau.com/images/01111101/01111828t012213188aa54dd692.jpg)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------To be continued: Part 2:Ethnography的多种方式