爱华网现在完成时态
1.用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say,I have finishedmy homework now.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
例：I havelived here since 1990.
2.现在完成时的构成havehas+过去分词
3.现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句He has finishedthe work.一般疑问句Has he finished thework?
否定句He has notfinished the work.两回答Yes ,he has.No, he hasn’t.
特殊疑问句What has hedone?
4.在下列情形下用现在完成时
1九词语
①already 已经肯定句中或句尾例: I have already found my pen. = Ihave found my pen already.
②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例：I have not finished the work yet.
Have you bought a computer yet?
③ever曾经句中例：Have you ever seenpandas?
④never从不句中例：I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚句中例：I have just done mywork.
⑥before以前句尾例：I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止例：So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久例：How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次例：How many times has he been to Beijing?
2两词组
have<has>goneto去了某地例：He hasgone to Beijing(去了北京)
have<has>beento去过某地例：He hasbeen to Beijing.(去过北京)
3两结构
for twomonths | for+一段时间 | Jim has lived herefor 2months. |
since lastyear | since+过去点时间 | Lucy has been inBeijing since 3 yearsago. |
since 3 yearsago | ||
since1990 | ||
since he camehere | since+过去时态句子 | He has been in Chinasince he camehere. |
4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
例：Have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？
5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
They have planted many trees in the last fewyears. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
This is the best book I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computergames. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例：He has bought the book for 3years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3years连用--,改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book..(去掉一段时间for 3years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 yearshas passed since he bought the book.
（改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years.（用延续性动词have代替buy）
6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach→ be here
例：I havecome here for 3 years.（错）改为：I havebeen here for 3 years.
②leave/go →be away
例：He hasleft for 3 hours.（错）改为：He hasbeen away for 3 hours.
③begin/start →be on
例：The film has begun for 3minutes.（错）改为：The film has been on for 3minutes.
④open →be open / close → be closed
例：The shop has opened for 3years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3years.
⑤die →be dead
例：His father has died for 3years.(错)改为：His father has been dead for 3years.
⑥finish/end→beover
例：He hasfinished the work for 3 days.(错)改为：The work has been over for 3days
⑦join 例：I havejoined the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I havebeen in the army for 3 years. 或I havebeen a soldier for 3 years.
⑧buy /catch →have
例：I havebought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I havehad the bike for 3 years.
例：He hascaught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为：He hashad a cold for 3 days.
⑨borrow → keep
例：I haveborrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I havekept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
break→ be broken get up → be up
marry→ be married become → be lose → be lost
7.延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work standlie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleeplive
②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start setout arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marryput put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish endcomplete become come go die open close break give jumpbuy borrow
8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。
He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for threedays连用）
1.过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句
例：John said that he would come the next dayif he was free. （构成：would+ 动词原形）
John said that he wasgoing to plant trees. （构成：was/were going to+ 动词原形）
2.过去完成时：由 had+ 过去分词 构成。用法有二：
①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去
例：When we got to the station, the train had left.当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。
By the end of last week, he had learnt 1000words. 到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。
②过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态
例：He said that he had made a few friendssince he came to China.
他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Thanks a lot. It’s sunny again.It _______________(rain) for a long time.
2._____________Mr. Li_______________(live) here since 8 years old?
3.Since Mr. Li came here, he_______________(teach) in this school.
4.It’s the third time that I_______________(see) him this month.
5.Is your mother at home?------No, she _______________(go) to work.
6.Her mother_______________(become)a doctor in 1970. She _______________(work)in the hospital since 26 years old.
7.He _______________(teach)English here since we _______________(see) him 5 yearsago.
![[转载]初中英语：现在完成时态讲解和练习](http://img.aihuau.com/images/01111101/01010029t011acf7edb22814ee2.jpg)
8.How many times_______________you _______________(be) toBeijing?
------Onlyonce. I _______________(go) there two years ago.
9.I’ve lost my cat._______________you ever _______________(see) itanywhere?
10.My parents are not at home.They _______________(leave) for Shanghai.
11.Wait here, please. The train_______________(not arrive) yet.
12.Where is my dictionary?------Li Ping _______________(take) it away.
13.I _______________(lose) my pen,and I _______________(look)for it now.
14.I _______________(not see) sucha strange thing before.
15.He joined the Party in 1990. He_______________(be) a party member for 10 years.
16.How long ______________UncleWang ______________(work) in this factory? ------Since1995.
17.So far the children_______________(learn) 1,000 English words.
18._______________you_______________(mend) your bike? ------Yes. I mended it a momentago.
19.I’ll tell him the news that ourclass _______________(win) already.
20.She _______________(stay) herefor over 5 years.
21.The box is empty. Who_______________(eat) all the cakes?
22.He has found his bike .When_______________he _______________(find) it?
23.Her sister _______________ (go)to Shanghai. She _______________ (leave) thismorning.
24.My friend Wang Hai often_______________ (swim) in the river.
25.The teacher _______________(reach) Beijing two days ago.
每处划线中有错误，在题后改正
1.Jim has bought the bookfor just 3 days.
2.Uncle Wang has died for3 years.
3.I have gone to Beijingthree times.
4.Jim isn’t here. He hasbeen to Beijing. He went there thismorning.
5.She has lived theresince 8 years.
6.Has he been a teacherfor 1990?
7.I lived here since 3months ago.
8.Have you finished the work yet?------Yes, I did.
9.Jim’s brothers has mademany kinds of kites.
10.He has taked the booksaway.
按要求句型转换
Kate has already finished thehomework.
否定句：______________________
一般疑问句：__________________
两回答：______________________
特殊疑问句：__________________
