高中英语短文改错技巧总结

短文改错口诀：

　　动词形，名词数;

　　注意形和副;

　　非谓动词细辨别;

　　习惯用法要记住;

　　句子成分多分析;

　　逻辑错误须关注。

　　一. 动词形

　　主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：

　　My favourite sport is football. I was member of our schoolfootball team. (is)

　　Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

　　上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。

　　二. 名词数

　　指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：

　　…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

　　三. 区分形和副

　　及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：

　　I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)

　　Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)

　　需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

　　四. 非谓动词细辨别

　　这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：

　　…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)

　　Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong butalso … (playing)

　　My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure…(to)

　　上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。

　　五. 习惯用法要记住

　　主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：

　　It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway stationand… (of)

　　We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ourselves. (of)

　　六. 句子成分多分析

　　不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：

　　They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)

　　I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

　　第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。

　　七. 逻辑错误须关注

　　与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：

　　The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

　　First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)

　　… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Nowsomeone at home reads instead. (everyone)

　　上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩)，因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。

　　除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and,or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误)，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：

(I)

　　There are lots of great places in the town which you can eatwithout 1. ______

　　spending too much because of I'm always short of money! Thereare also some 2. ______

　　place where it costs a lot, so don't forget to read the menubefore going in. 3. ______

　　The first place is Gino's. It's an Italian restaurant whereserving the usual things 4. ______

　　like pizzas and spaghetti. It's really cheaply and veryfriendly. Then there's 5. ______

　　Black's Bistro. This is a caféwhich is opened all day and youcan eat anything 6. ______

　　there from toast, sandwiches, salads, burgers and full meals.Again it's not 7. ______

　　expensive and is very popular with young people. And finally,how about 8. ______

　　Peppers? Go there if you want some really nourishing Mexicanfood. Mexica 9. ______

　　food can be bit hot, but you can choose dishes which aremilder too. 10. ______

　　(II)

　　It is one thing to land science instruments on Mars; however,it is quite 1. ______

　　another to establish a base for humans to explore planet.Daytime temperatures 2. ______

　　can be rise above freezing, but, because of the extremely thinatmosphere, 3. ______

　　the sun heat radiates back into space. Even at the equator,the temperature 4. ______

　　drops -50℃at night. In fact, there is no ozone(臭氧) layer tokeep out 5. ______

　　ultraviolet(紫外线的)radiation, and hardly some oxygen for eitherbreathing 6. ______

　　and burning conventional fuels. But despite all theseproblems, scientists are 7. ______

　　currently working transport and clothing for Mars and anartificial environment 8. ______

　　in which colonists could live. However, the potential costmake the idea of 9. ______

　　human life on Mars nothing other than a fantastic dream. 10.______

　　[答案与解析]

　　(I) 1.which→where。where引导定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词town,where在定语从句中作状语。2.去掉of。because后面接从句，而because of后面接短语。3.place→places。此处名词应该用复数形式。4.去掉where。现在分词短语作定语，where多余。5.cheaply→cheap。cheap和friendly是并列的形容词作表语。6. opened→open。open本身即形容词。7.and→to。from…to…构成固定词组。8.本行无错。9. Mexica→Mexican。形容词作定语。10. bit前加a。abit是固定词组,在句中作状语，修饰hot。

　　(II) 1. science→scientific。应该用形容词作定语。2.planet前加the。planet前用定冠词，特指Mars。3.去掉be。can rise在本句中表"气温上升"。4.sun→sun's。名词所有格作定语，修饰heat。5.drops后加to。drop to表"下降到"。6.some→any。在表否定意义的副词hardly后面用any, hardly any oxygen意为"几乎没有任何氧气"。7.and→or。此处表选择关系。8.working后加on。work on是固定词组，表"研究"。9.make→makes。本句的主语是名词cost,故谓语动词用单数形式。10.本行无错。

　　(文/文玉荣；英语辅导报高三版2003-2004学年第29期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)

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