爱华网在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
1．语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows theanswer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
The small children don't know what is in theirstockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？
2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，howmuch等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in ourclass．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there werein the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，howmany，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip toWuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，howmuch，how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？
She asked me if I knew whose pen itwas．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2．连接词
1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work beforesupper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
I don't know if ／whether he still lives hereafter so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Letme know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing ornot．（＝I don't know whether or not he does anywashing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whetherwego．我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likesEnglish．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish thework on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
I worry about whether I hurt herfeelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the oldman．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or bytrain．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still aquestion．她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch thebus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
a．Please let me know whether you like thebook．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
b．If you like the book，please let meknow．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for themeeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？
3．时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：
I don't know when he will comeback．我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came backyesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
①The children didn't know who hewas．孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how ithappened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round thesun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。
4．注意：
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tellyou．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。
—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
简化宾语从句常用六法
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →LiMing hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. →We decidedto help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window.→She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？→Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start atonce. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us. →Heinsisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he wasborn. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of hisbirth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying onthe ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →Theboys seemed to win.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn Englishwell. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered withthick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy. →Theyfound the box very heavy
宾语从句专项训练
I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
II. 按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
习题（一）
1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
3 The students want to know whether they___ dictionary today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
习题（二）
1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
4 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D. when
6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
7. He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
习题（三）
1. They don't know ______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
2. Please tell me ______what last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
3. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did ————your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
5 Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
6 Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
习题（四）
1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. （北京市东城区）
A. that B. how C. what D. if
2. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English. （杭州市）
A. why B. when C. how D. where
3. —We never know _____ the old man is.
—They say he is a teacher. （鄂州市）
A. what B. who C. which D. where
4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （重庆市）
A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when
5. —Do you know _____ ? I'm going to see him.
—Sorry, I don't know. （北京市海淀区）
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer?
—Sorry, I have no idea. （南京市）
A. ／; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy
7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. （重庆市）
A. what the matter is B. what is wrong
C. what the matter was D. what wrong was
8. —Where is Jack?
—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . （南昌市）
A. that B. which C. where D. there
宾语从句专项训练参考答案：
I. 1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD
II. 1. if／whether; enjoys 2. if／whether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didn't; until 6. whether; came
习题（一）
答案：1-5 A D C B C
习题（二）
答案：1-7 C B B A A A C
习题（三）
答案：1-6 B D B A A C
习题（四）
答案：1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C
