爱华网美国《独立宣言》中英文对照
计宏亮翻译版
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html
The Declaration of Independence
独立宣言
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4,
1776 THE UNANIMOUS
DECLARATION OF THE
THIRTEEN UNITED
STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for onepeople to dissolve the political bands which have connected themwith another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, theseparate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and ofNature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions ofmankind requires that they should declare the causes which impelthem to the separation.
在人类事务发展进程中，当一个民族要解除其与另一个民族相连的政治关联，在世界民族之林获取自然法则和自然之神赋予他们独立、平等权利的时候，出于对人类舆论的尊重，他们有必要向世界宣布他们必须独立之缘由。
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men arecreated equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certainunalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and thepursuit of Happiness. --That to secure these rights, Governmentsare instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from theconsent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Governmentbecomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People toalter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying itsfoundation on such principles and organizing its powers in suchform, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety andHappiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments longestablished should not be changed for light and transient causes;and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are moredisposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to rightthemselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuinginvariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them underabsolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throwoff such Government, and to provide new Guards for their futuresecurity. --Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies;and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter theirformer Systems of Government. The history of the present King ofGreat Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations,all having in direct object the establishment of an absoluteTyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted toa candid world.
我们深信全人类生而平等，创世主赋予了他们生命、自由、追求幸福等不可剥夺之权利，此乃人所共知之真理。为保障此等权利，政府油然而生，并经管理者一致同意获得相应的权力。任何形式的政府一旦损害了这些目的，那么人民就权利改变或放弃这个政府，组建新的政府。新的政府必须按照最大限度的实现人民的安全和幸福为原则进行权力划分。为谨慎起见，不能因为一些微不足道的、一时的小事就对一个已经成立已久的政府。因为所有的经验表明，在人类尚能忍受痛苦之时，是不愿意放弃他们久已习惯的形式的。但是如果政府不断的滥用职权、巧取豪夺，就是为了实现对他们进行欺压，将他们置于绝对专制的统治下，那么人民就有权利、有责任推翻这种政府，为他们的未来寻求新的安全保障。这就是这些殖民地长期隐忍的状态，这就是我们现在不得不改变这种政府体制的原因。现在大英帝国的国王历史就是一个不断制造伤害、不断掠夺的历史，其直接目的就是要在这些州建立绝对专制的统治。为证明这一点，让我们要向公正的世界历数如下各种事实。
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome andnecessary for the public good.
他拒绝承认对公众利益最有利、最必要的法律。
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate andpressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till hisAssent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterlyneglected to attend to them.
在经他的同意之前，如果不暂时停止实施这些迫切、紧要的法律，他就不允许他的总督通过这些法律；但是这些暂停执行之后，他却对这些法律置之不理。
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of largedistricts of people, unless those people would relinquish the rightof Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to themand formidable to tyrants only.
如果大区居住的人民不放弃在立法机构表达的权利，他就拒绝通过他们居住的权利，而这些权利对人民的价值巨大，而唯独对暴君不利。
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their publicRecords, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliancewith his measures.
他在那些不寻常、不舒服且远离公众记录的地方召集立法机关会议，其唯一的目的就是要让立法人员疲惫不堪，从而顺从他的目的。
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposingwith manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
他反复的解散人民代表议院，因为这些议院总是坚决地对抗他对人民权利的侵犯。
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, tocause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers,incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large fortheir exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to allthe dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
解散立法院之后，他又长期拒绝再选。但是立法权是无法灭除的，它最终回到了全体人民手中，由人民来行使；州却仍然处于艰难时刻，面临外来侵略和内部骚乱之虞。
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States;for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization ofForeigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrationshither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations ofLands.
他竭力阻止这些州的人口流动，阻挠通过外来人口入籍法，拒绝通过其他关于鼓励向这里移民的法律，提高新的土地征用的条件。
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing hisAssent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
他拒绝同意成立司法机构的，阻挠司法管理工作。
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenureof their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
他让法官唯其命是从，由他决定他们的任期、人数和工资收入。
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hitherswarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out theirsubstance.
他大量成立新的部门，派大量军官来控制我们的人民，耗尽他们的粮财。
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies withoutthe Consent of our legislatures.
他不经我们的立法机构许可，就在和平时期保持常备军。
He has affected to render the Military independent of andsuperior to the Civil power.
他施伎俩让军队独立且高于民事权力。
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdictionforeign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; givinghis Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
他纠结其他各种力量，将我们置于一种不同于我们宪法、与我们的法律格格不入的管辖之下；并在他的授意下假行立法行为：
For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
在我们中间派驻大量部队：
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for anyMurders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of theseStates:
利用一个可笑的审判程序保护他们，使他们即便是对各州的住民犯了谋杀罪也可以免于惩罚：
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
切断我们与世界各地的贸易：
For imposing Taxes on us without ourConsent:
不经我们的同意就对我们征税：
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial byJury:
在许多案件中剥夺我们在陪审团审判下应该享有的权利：
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretendedoffences
把我们运到大洋彼岸，让我们接受那些莫须有的犯罪审判，
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouringProvince, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, andenlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example andfit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into theseColonies:
在邻省废除了自由的英国法律系统，建立了独裁的政府，并不断扩大这个政府的疆域，还要即刻以此为例，为这些殖民地引入同样的绝对统治：
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws,and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
拿走了我们的宪章，废除了我们最珍贵的法律，从根本上改变我们政府的形式：
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselvesinvested with power to legislate for us in all caseswhatsoever.
关闭我们立法机构，宣布他们从此有权利去为我们所有的案件进行立法。
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of hisProtection and waging War against us.
他已经抛弃这里的证券，宣称不再保护我们，并要与我们兵戎相见。
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns,and destroyed the lives of our people.
他在海上对我们恣意抢掠，攻击我们的海岸、烧毁我们的村庄、伤害我们人民的生命。
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreignMercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny,already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcelyparalleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy theHead of a civilized nation.
这次，他运来大量的外籍雇佣兵，就是要执行那些杀人、破坏和暴虐行径。在蛮荒时代，像这种残暴与背叛行为都很少会一起出现，而对于一个文明国家的首领出此下策，更是让人不齿。
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the highSeas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executionersof their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by theirHands.
他在公海上公然抓捕我们的公民，强迫他们拿起武器来反对自己的国家，成为屠杀他们自己的朋友、同胞的刽子手，否则就亲手自裁。
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and hasendeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, themerciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfa re, is anundistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
他在我们人民中间煽动暴乱，挑动那些住在我们的边疆、残酷无情、野蛮的印第安人；他们的作战原则就是不分男女老幼，格杀勿论。
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned forRedress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have beenanswered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thusmarked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be theruler of a free people.
在这些压迫的过程中，我们极尽谦卑的祈求矫正：我们反复的请求得到了却是反复的伤害。一个举手投足都充满杀气的暴君不适合做一个自由民族的统治者。
Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren.We have warned them from time to time of attempts by theirlegislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. Wehave reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration andsettlement here. We have appealed to their native justice andmagnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our commonkindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitablyinterrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have beendeaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must,therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces ourSeparation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemiesin War, in Peace Friends.
我们也不想引起我们英国同胞的注意。我们反复地对他们的立法机构试图将毫无理由的统治强加于我们的行为提出警告。我们曾经提请他们了解我们的移民和居住的环境。我们祈求他们给我们公正和宽容，我们用我们之间的血缘关系来呼唤，希望他们能够放弃这种欺压，因为最终这将断绝我们的亲情。但是他们对我们的正义和亲情的呼唤置若罔闻。因此，我们只好宣布脱离他们，并且对待人类其他民族一样来对待他们：战争就是敌人，和平就是朋友。
We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States ofAmerica, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the SupremeJudge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in theName, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies,solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, andof Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they areAbsolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that allpolitical connection between them and the State of Great Britain,is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free andIndependent States, they have full Power to levy War, concludePeace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all otherActs and Things which Independent States may of right do. And forthe support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on theprotection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each otherour Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
因此，我们作为美利坚合众国的代表，在大国民会议集会的代表们，经殖民地善良的人民授权并以他们名义，向世界上最公正的法官提出正义的请求，并庄严的发布、宣布：这些联合起来的殖民地各州，要行使其应有之自由、独立权利。不再效忠于英国王室，并断绝与他们、以及大英帝国，所有的政治联系。作为自由独立的州，他们将有宣布战争、缔结和平、结成联盟、发展商业等以及一切一个自由独立的国家有权去行使的完全的权利。为此宣言，我们怀着对神明保佑的高度信赖，以我们的生命，我们的财产、我们的荣誉担保，相互起誓。
The 56 signatures on the Declaration appear in the positionsindicated:
Column 1
Georgia:
ButtonGwinnett
LymanHall
GeorgeWalton
Column 2
North Carolina:
WilliamHooper
JosephHewes
JohnPenn
South Carolina:
EdwardRutledge
ThomasHeyward, Jr.
Thomas Lynch,Jr.
ArthurMiddleton
Column 3
Massachusetts:
John Hancock
Maryland:
Samuel Chase
William Paca
Thomas Stone
Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Virginia:
George Wythe
Richard Henry Lee
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Harrison
Thomas Nelson, Jr.
Francis Lightfoot Lee
Carter Braxton
Column 4
Pennsylvania:
RobertMorris
BenjaminRush
BenjaminFranklin
JohnMorton
GeorgeClymer
JamesSmith
GeorgeTaylor
JamesWilson
GeorgeRoss
Delaware:
CaesarRodney
GeorgeRead
ThomasMcKean
Column 5
New York:
WilliamFloyd
PhilipLivingston
FrancisLewis
LewisMorris
New Jersey:
RichardStockton
JohnWitherspoon
FrancisHopkinson
JohnHart
AbrahamClark
Column 6
New Hampshire:
JosiahBartlett
WilliamWhipple
Massachusetts:
SamuelAdams
JohnAdams
Robert TreatPaine
ElbridgeGerry
Rhode Island:
StephenHopkins
WilliamEllery
Connecticut:
RogerSherman
SamuelHuntington
WilliamWilliams
OliverWolcott
New Hampshire:
MatthewThornton
