转载 zabbix优化指南 谷歌搜索引擎优化指南

1. 本文是我综合了参考资料中的一大堆东西捏在一起的，单纯是翻译整理了一下，另外配了一些图，其他基本没有什么原创内容。

   1.如何度量Zabbix性能

   通过Zabbix的NVPS(每秒处理数值数)来衡量其性能。

   在Zabbix的dashboard上有一个错略的估值。

   
   
   

   在4核CPU，6GB内存，RAID10(带有写入缓存)这样的配置条件下,Zabbix可以处理每分钟1M个数值,大约每秒15000个。

   2.性能低下的可见症兆

2. zabbix队列中有太多被延迟的item: Administration-> Queue
3. zabbix绘图中经常性出现断档，一些item没有数据
4. 带有nodata()函数的触发器出现false
5. 前端页面无响应

6. 3.哪些因素造成Zabbix性能低下

   因素	慢	快
   数据库大小	巨大	适应内存大小
   触发器表达式的复杂程度	Min(),max(),avg()	Last(),nodata()
   数据收集方法	轮讯(SNMP,无代理,Passive代理)	Trapping(active代理)
   数据类型	文本，字符串	数值
   前端用户数量	多	少

   主机数量也是影响性能的主要因素

   4.了解Zabbix工作状态

   获得zabbix内部状态

   zabbix[wcache,values,all]

   zabbix[queue,1m]----延迟超过1分钟的item

   
   

   获得zabbix内部组件工作状态(该组件处于BUSY状态的时间百分比)

   zabbix[process,type,mode,state]

   其中可用的参数为:

   type: trapper,discoverer,escalator,alerter,etc

   mode: avg,count,min,max

   state: busy,idel

   
   
   
   

   5.Zabbix调优大的原则性建议

7. 确保zabbix内部组件性能处于被监控状态(调优的基础！)
8. 使用硬件性能足够好的服务器
9. 不同角色分开，使用各自独立的服务器
10. 使用分布式部署
11. 调整MySQL性能
12. 调整Zabbix自身配置

13. 6.Zabbix数据库调优

    a.使用专用数据服务器，配置应该较高

    给一个参考配置，可以处理NVPS为3000

    Dell PowerEdge R610

    CPU:Intel Xeon L5520 2.27GHz (16 cores)

    Memory: 24GB RAM

    Disks:6x SAS 10k 配置 RAID10

    b.每个table一个文件,修改my.cnf

    innodb_file_per_table=1

    c.使用percona替代MySQL

    d.使用分区表，关闭Houerkeeper

    关闭Houserkeeper,zabbix_server.conf

    DisableHousekeeper=1

    
    

    step1.准备相关表

    ALTERTABLE `acknowledges` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `acknowledgedid`(`acknowledgeid`);

    ALTERTABLE `alerts` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `alertid`(`alertid`);

    ALTERTABLE `auditlog` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `auditid`(`auditid`);

    ALTERTABLE `events` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `eventid`(`eventid`);

    ALTERTABLE `service_alarms` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `servicealarmid`(`servicealarmid`);

    ALTERTABLE `history_log` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD PRIMARY KEY(`itemid`,`id`,`clock`);

    ALTERTABLE `history_log` DROP KEY `history_log_2`;

    ALTERTABLE `history_text` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD PRIMARY KEY(`itemid`,`id`,`clock`);

    ALTERTABLE `history_text` DROP KEY `history_text_2`;

    step2.设置每月的分区

    以下步骤请在第一步的所有表中重复，下例是为events表创建2011-5到2011-12之间的月度分区。

    ALTERTABLE `events` PARTITION BY RANGE( clock ) (

    PARTITION p201105 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-06-01 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p201106 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-07-01 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p201107 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-08-01 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p201108 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-09-01 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p201109 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-10-01 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p201110 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-11-01 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p201111 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-12-01 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p201112 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2012-01-01 00:00:00"))

    );

    step3.设置每日的分区

    以下步骤请在第一步的所有表中重复，下例是为history_uint表创建5.15到5.22之间的每日分区。

    ALTERTABLE `history_uint` PARTITION BY RANGE( clock ) (

    PARTITION p20110515 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-16 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p20110516 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-17 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p20110517 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-18 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p20110518 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-19 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p20110519 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-20 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p20110520 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-21 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p20110521 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-22 00:00:00")),

    PARTITION p20110522 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-23 00:00:00"))

    );

    手动维护分区：

    增加新分区

    ALTERTABLE `history_uint` ADD PARTITION (

    PARTITION p20110523 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-24 00:00:00"))

    );

    删除分区(使用Housekeepeing)

    ALTERTABLE `history_uint` DROP PARTITION p20110515;

    step4.自动每日分区

    确认已经在step3的时候为history表正确创建了分区。

    以下脚本自动drop和创建每日分区,默认只保留最近3天,如果你需要更多天的，请修改

    @mindays 这个变量。

    不要忘记将这条命令加入到你的cron中！

    mysql-B -h localhost -u zabbix -pPASSWORD zabbix -e "CALLcreate_zabbix_partitions();"

    自动创建分区的脚本:

    https://github.com/xsbr/zabbixzone/blob/master/zabbix-mysql-autopartitioning.sql

    DELIMITER //

    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`create_zabbix_partitions` //

    CREATE PROCEDURE`zabbix`.`create_zabbix_partitions` ()

    BEGIN

    CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history");

    CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_log");

    CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_str");

    CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_text");

    CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_uint");

    CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history");

    CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_log");

    CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_str");

    CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_text");

    CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_uint");

    END //

    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`create_next_partitions` //

    CREATE PROCEDURE`zabbix`.`create_next_partitions` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64),TABLENAME varchar(64))

    BEGIN

    DECLARE NEXTCLOCK timestamp;

    DECLARE PARTITIONNAMEvarchar(16);

    DECLARE CLOCK int;

    SET @totaldays = 7;

    SET @i = 1;

    createloop: LOOP

    SET NEXTCLOCK = DATE_ADD(NOW(),INTERVAL @iDAY);

    SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT(NEXTCLOCK, 'p%Y%m%d' );

    SET CLOCK =UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(DATE_ADD( NEXTCLOCK ,INTERVAL 1DAY),'%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));

    CALL zabbix.create_partition( SCHEMANAME,TABLENAME, PARTITIONNAME, CLOCK );

    SET @i=@i+1;

    IF @i > @totaldaysTHEN

    LEAVE createloop;

    END IF;

    END LOOP;

    END //

    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`drop_old_partitions` //

    CREATE PROCEDURE`zabbix`.`drop_old_partitions` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAMEvarchar(64))

    BEGIN

    DECLARE OLDCLOCK timestamp;

    DECLARE PARTITIONNAMEvarchar(16);

    DECLARE CLOCK int;

    SET @mindays = 3;

    SET @maxdays = @mindays+4;

    SET @i = @maxdays;

    droploop: LOOP

    SET OLDCLOCK = DATE_SUB(NOW(),INTERVAL @iDAY);

    SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT( OLDCLOCK,'p%Y%m%d' );

    CALL zabbix.drop_partition( SCHEMANAME,TABLENAME, PARTITIONNAME );

    SET @i=@i-1;

    IF @i <= @mindaysTHEN

    LEAVE droploop;

    END IF;

    END LOOP;

    END //

    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`create_partition` //

    CREATE PROCEDURE`zabbix`.`create_partition` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAMEvarchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)

    BEGIN

    DECLARE RETROWS int;

    SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS

    FROM`information_schema`.`partitions`

    WHERE `table_schema` = SCHEMANAME AND`table_name` = TABLENAME AND `partition_name` =PARTITIONNAME;

    IF RETROWS = 0 THEN

    SELECT CONCAT( "create_partition(",SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" )AS msg;

    SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `',SCHEMANAME, '`.`', TABLENAME, '`',

    ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ',PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );

    PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;

    EXECUTE STMT;

    DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;

    END IF;

    END //

    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`drop_partition` //

    CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix`.`drop_partition`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAMEvarchar(64))

    BEGIN

    DECLARE RETROWS int;

    SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS

    FROM`information_schema`.`partitions`

    WHERE `table_schema` = SCHEMANAME AND`table_name` = TABLENAME AND `partition_name` =PARTITIONNAME;

    IF RETROWS = 1 THEN

    SELECT CONCAT( "drop_partition(",SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ")" ) ASmsg;

    SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `',SCHEMANAME, '`.`', TABLENAME, '`',

    ' DROP PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ';');

    PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;

    EXECUTE STMT;

    DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;

    END IF;

    END //

    DELIMITER ;

    e.使用tmpfs存储临时文件

    mkdir /tmp/mysqltmp

    修改/etc/fstab:

    tmfs /tmp/mysqltmp tmpfsrw,uid=mysql,gid=mysql,size=1G,nr_inodes=10k,mode=0700 0 0

    修改my.cnf

    tmpdir=/tmp/mysqltmp

    f.设置正确的buffer pool

    设置Innodb可用多少内存，建议设置成物理内存的70%~80%

    修改my.cnf

    innodb_buffer_pool_size=14G

    设置innodb使用O_DIRECT，这样buffer_pool中的数据就不会与系统缓存中的重复。

    innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

    以下给一个示例my.cnf，物理内存大小为24G:

    
    

    g.设置合适的log大小

    zabbix数据库属于写入较多的数据库，因此设置大一点可以避免MySQL持续将log文件flush到表中。

    不过有一个副作用,就是启动和关闭数据库会变慢一点。

    修改my.cnf

    innodb_log_file_size=64M

    h.打开慢查询日志

    修改my.cnf

    log_slow_queries=/var/log/mysql.slow.log

    i.设置thread_cache_size

    这个值似乎会影响show global status输出中Threads_created perConnection的hit rate

    当设置成4的时候,有3228483 Connections和5840 Threads_created,hitrate达到了99.2%

    Threads_created这个数值应该越小越好。

    j.其他MySQL文档建议的参数调整

    query_cache_limit=1M

    query_cache_size=128M

    tmp_table_size=256M

    max_heap_table_size=256M

    table_cache=256

    max_connections = 300

    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2

    join_buffer_size=256k

    read_buffer_size=256k

    read_rnd_buffer_size=256k

    7.调整zabbix工作进程数量,zabbix_server.conf

    StartPollers=90

    StartPingers=10

    StartPollersUnreacheable=80

    StartIPMIPollers=10

    StartTrappers=20

    StartDBSyncers=8

    LogSlowQueries=1000

    参考文档:

    http://www.slideshare.net/xsbr/alexei-vladishev-zabbixperformancetuning

    http://zabbixzone.com/zabbix/mysql-performance-tips-for-zabbix/

    http://zabbixzone.com/zabbix/partitioning-tables/

    http://linux-knowledgebase.com/en/Tip_of_the_day/March/Performance_Tuning_for_Zabbix

    http://sysadminnotebook.blogspot.jp/2011/08/performance-tuning-mysql-for-zabbix.html

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