爱华网1. 表示“除……外”，表示排除，指的是所说的不包括在内。如：
Everyone except me got an invitation. 除我之外，所有人都收到了请柬。
The window is never opened except in summer. 除了在夏天外，这扇窗户从不打开。
2. 其后可接不定式，有时带to(此时其前通常没有do)，有时不带to(此时其前通常有do)。如：
He did everything except wash clothes. 除了洗衣服外，他什么都做。
He likes nothing except to watch TV. 除了看电视外，他什么都不喜欢。
3. 其后除可接名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等外(见上例)，还可接各类从句(what,that, when, where, why 等从句)。如：
We knew nothing about it except what he told us.除了他告诉我们的情况外，我们对此一无所知(fromwww.yywords.com)。
We know nothing about him except that he is from Paris.我们除了知道他来自巴黎外，其余的情况则一无所知。
I like her except when she was angry. 除了她生气的时候，我挺喜欢她的。
I understand everything except why he stole the money.我什么都明白，只是不理解他为什么要偷那笔钱。
My papers seem to be everywhere except where they oughttobe. 我的文件似乎完全不在它们应该在的地方(fromwww.yywords.com)。
4. except 通常不能置于句首。若需置于句首，则应换成 exceptfor。如：
Except for me, everyone was late. 除我外，大家都迟到了。
【注】用于句首时except for 与 except 同义，但除此之外，两者用法有差别：except主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for则主要用来谈论不同类的东西，有时含有惋惜之意。如(fromwww.yywords.com)：
All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。
His composition is good except for a few spellingmistakes.他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。
| 从高考题看except, exceptfor/that等的用法 |
| http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/06/2310:40 英语辅导报 |
从高考题看except, except for/that,besides和but的用法 请先看几道高考题: 1. No one knew Mr Beson's address ________ his daughter. A. except B. excepts C. only D. besides 2. Do you know any other foreign language ________English? A. except B. but C. beside D. besides 3. I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is fromBeijing. A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides 4. Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that hewas wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 析:Key:1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A。由此,我们可以看出except, except for/that,besides和but 的用法,成了历届高考考查的热点之一。 except, except for/that,besides和but都有"除……之外"的意思,但用法各异,现就它们的用法进行分析比较: 一、except的用法--"排除式" except意为"只有……除外;除去……",后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,即except后的部分不包括在整体之内。因此,常和all,everything, no one, nothing等词一起使用。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的是"同类项"。例如: 1. All of them went out for a walk ________ John. A. besides B. except C. beside D. excepts 2. Everyone is here ________ Xiao Wang and me. A. except B. besides C. beside D. excepts 析:Key:1. B 2. A。因除去的与保留的是"同类项",且1、2题中有信息词All、Everyone。 二、except for/that的用法--"排除否定式" except 除后跟名词、代词作宾语外,还可跟介词,也可跟从句。 (1)exceptfor...是"除了因为……;要不是……;除去……一点外"的意思,表示"对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法"。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的"排除否定式"。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的"不是同类项"。例如: 1. It was dark in the city ________ a few weak lights. A. except for B. except C. besides D. but for 2. Your composition is very good ________ a few spellingmistakes. A. except that B. except for C. besides D. beside 析:Key: 1. A 2. B。因为除去的与保留的"不是同类项",故选except for。 (2)except that...也是"除去……一点外"的意思,但应注意恰当地使用引导词。若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that。例如:  1. The suit fitted him well ________ the colour was a littlebrighter. A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides 析:Key:B。本题题意为"除色彩艳了一点儿外,这套衣服很适合他",从句the colour was a littlebrighter句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that,故选except that。 2. -Can you tell me all about the earthquake? -Sorry,I know nothing about it ________ I read in thenewspaper. A. except B. except for C. except what D. except that 析:Key:C。因从句中read为及物动词,且其后无宾语,故选except what。 3. Mr Green usually goes to work by bus ________ it rains. A. besides B. except when C. except what D. beside 析:Key:B。由于it rains为从句,故排除A、D,且rains为不及物动词,不需要宾语,故排除C。exceptwhen 意为"除了当……的时候"。 (3)except for与except that有时可互相转换。例如: 1. Your composition is very good except for a few spellingmistakes. =Your composition is very good except that there are a fewspelling mistakes. 2. The village is very quiet except for some birds singing inthe woods. =The village is very quiet except that there are some birdssinging in the woods. 三、besides的用法--"包括式" besides相当于as wellas,意为"除了……以外还有……",即"除去一部分还有另外一部分"的意思,表示besides 后面的部分包括在整体之内。例如: 1. Does John know any other foreign language ________French. A. except B. but C. besides D. beside 析:Key:C。由本题中的信息词"any other foreign language",可知选besides。 四、but的用法--"排除式" but是"除了……以外"的意思,相当于except。 (1)but后也可以接名词或代词作宾语。例如: 1. They all went to the park ________ Mike and me. A. besides B. except for C. but D. beside 析:Key: C。因为all是信息词,且they与Mike and me是"同类项",根据句意应选C。 (2)but常与下列词连用:a.否定词no one, none, nothing等; b.疑问词who, what等;c.不定代词all, everyone等。例如: 1. Nothing but disaster would come from such aplan.这个计划只能招灾惹祸,别无益处。 2. Who but Tom would do such a thing?除了汤姆以外还有谁愿意干这种事? (3)but后可接动词不定式。注意:当but前面有实义动词do以及其相应形式作谓语动词时,则其后跟不带"to"的动词不定式,反之加"to"。例如: 1. David could do nothing but ________ his teacher yesterdayafternoon. A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help 析:key:A。do nothing but...后应接动词原形,意为"除做……外什么也不做"。 2. The enemy had no choice but ________ their arms and________ . A. lie down;give in B. lay down;give in C. to lay down;give in D. to lie down;to give in 析:Key:C。have no choice but后应接带to的动词不定式,且and后的成分与动词不定式之间存在并列关系,故选C。 注意:but for是"要不是;没有……"的意思,常用于虚拟语气。例如: But for your help, I would have failed. 要是没有你的帮助, 我早就失败了。 (文/谢仕芳；英语辅导报高三版2003-2004学年第47期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
