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高考语法专题：情态动词与虚拟语气
考纲新研读
情态动词
1. can, could
(1)表示能力或客观可能性、请求或允许：
(2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信：
He (3)表示对过去否定或疑问的猜测：
Jack ) have been to China, has he?
(4)表示虚拟语气，用于肯定句，could have done,“过去能够干
某事而没干”。
him money, but he didn’t ask me.
(5)表示“有时会”：
2. may, might
(1)表示推测“可能”：
(2)对过去可能性的推测，may (might可能性更小)have done：
(3)表示虚拟语气“有可能干而没干”：
you more help, but she didn’t.
(4)表示祝愿：
！
3.must，have to
(1)“必须”，“必要”：
You (2)肯定的猜测(不能用于否定或疑问)：“一定”：
a mistake, didn’t you?
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(3)(表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦)偏要
long story.
4. need
(1)“需要”，主要用于否定、疑问句。
You it at once.
(2)needn’t have done,“过去不需要干而干了”：
You had enough time left. You (3)特殊句型，“需要干某事”：
5.dare，dared
(1)主要用于疑问、否定和条件句中：
(2)可作实意动词：dare (to) do:
He didn’t 6. shall, should
(1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，征求对方意见： (2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命 令、决心等。
fail if you don’t take his advice.
(3)should/ought to,“应该”：
(4)should(ought to) have done,“过去本来应该干某事而没干”； should not have done“过去本来不应该干某事而干了”,表示 委婉的批评：
You 7. will, would
(1)用于疑问句，表示请求、邀请：
(2)“愿意”：
wait a little while, I’ll call the manager.
(3)“总是”：
(4)用于否定句，表拒绝，尤指物：
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We pushed the bus, but it move a bit.
8.used to “过去曾经……”，暗示现在不再如此：
smoke, usedn’t you (didn’t you)?
虚拟语气
近几年，虚拟语气考查的重点是与情态动词连用的虚拟语气。如：should have done, could have done, might have done等。虚拟条件句等也时有涉及。
1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用：
(1)与现在事实相反：
条件句谓语用：If...did/were...；主句谓语用：would (should,
could, might) do...。例如：
the car. (But I haven’t
enough money.)
(2)与过去事实相反：
条件句谓语用：If...had done...;主句谓语用：would (should)
have done...。例如：
they didn’t invite me.)
They (3)与将来事实相反：
条件句谓语用：If...did (were)/were to do/should do...;主句谓语
用：would (should) do...。例如：
I’m sure to succeed this time. If
(4)过去现在混合：
条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。例如：
in hospital
now (you would be well now).
(5)如果if省略，从句要倒装(主要是were/should/had)例如：
(6)用介词短语代替条件句：
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
(1)wish“希望；但愿”。wish后的宾语从句，如果跟虚拟语气，
有三种时态。即:
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与现在事实相反,谓语用一般过去时态。例如：
与过去事实相反，谓语用过过去完成时态。例如：
与将来事实相反，或不大可能实现的愿望，谓语用
would/could do。 例如：
(2)command,demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest等后面 的宾语从句，谓语用(should) do。总体掌握：“要求干，应该 干，但还没干”，就是说动作还没有发生。因此insist“坚持事 实”、suggest“暗示”都不用虚拟语气。
front.
注意：与此项有关的表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句等的谓 语同样用(should) do。例如：
这样的名词有：advice, idea, demand, order, plan, request, suggestion等。
3.主语从句中的虚拟语气：谓语同样用(should) do。例如：
manners.
4.部分情态动词：
A taxi wasn’t necessary.
5.其他句型：
(谓语用一般过去时态或should do)
.(谓语用一般过去时态)
高考新剖析
1. But for their help, we__________ the program in time.
［2009年高考安徽卷］
A. can not finish B. will not finish
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C. had not finished D. could not have finished
2. It__________ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.［2009年高考上海卷］
A. may B. can C. must D. should
3. —Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
—She__________ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. ［2009年高考重庆卷］
A. shall be B. should have been
C. must be D. might have been
4. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily
shy；they__________ just be quiet people.［2009年高考安徽卷］
A. must B. may C. should D. would
D
C
B
C
5. One of the few things you__________ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
［2009年高考北京卷］
A. need B. must C. should D. can
6. According to the air traffic rules, you __________ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.［2008年高考上海卷］
A. may B. can C. would D. should
7. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It__________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
8. The teacher__________ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. should B. can C. would D. must
9. —She looks very happy. She__________ have passed the exam. —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
D
D
C
D
C
10. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he
__________ better.［2008年高考江西卷］
A. need have done B. must have done
C. can have done D. might have done
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精题新探究
1. Helen __________go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
2. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They__________ at least 150 km an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
3. — Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. —Well. He __________have gone far—his coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
D
C
B
C
4. Mr. Smith is always on time for everything. How__________ it be that he was late for the flight?
A. can B. need C. may D. must
5. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You__________ it .I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
6. It is her that you __________such a matter.
A. should consult on B. might consult on
C. should consult D. must consult for
7. — The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
—Oh, dear! She__________ a lot of difficulties！
A. may go through
B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through
D. must have gone through
A
B
A
D
8. The young man insisted that he __________ nothing wrong and __________free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; should set
9. If it _________tomorrow ,what would we do?
A. rains B. would rain
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C. were to rain D. rain
10. —I feel I am so tired tonight.
—Well, it is time that you__________.
A. go to bed B. would go to bed
C. went to bed D. are going to bed
11. —Did your mother go to London?
—No, her doctor suggested that she__________.
A. is not going B. not go
C. hadn’t gone D. wouldn’t go
B
C
C
B
12. I would rather Mary __________home next Sunday.
A. goes B. went
C. will go D. is going
13. It is necessary that the lazy boy __________the class meeting.
A. will attend B. attends
C. attend D. attended
14. If I had seen the movie, I __________you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell
C. have told D. would have told
15. The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the Sun __________round the Earth.
A. were circling B. circles
C. is circling D. be circling
B
C
A
A
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