爱华网下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
I notified (B级)him that the meeting had been postponed.
A) informed B) observed C) mocked D) misled
标准答案：a
2、 He emphasized a feasible (B级)plan which can be accepted by the both sides.
A)favorable B) possible
C)formal D)genuine
标准答案：b
3、 We should never content (B级)ourselves with only a little knowledge.
A) convince B)satisfy C) comfort D) benefit
标准答案：b
4、 We should contemplated (B级)the problem from all sides.
A) deliberated B)thought C) described D) designed
标准答案：a
5、 His new girlfriend had omitted (B级)to tell him that she was married.
A)failed B) deleted C) refused D) rejected
标准答案：a
6、 If you want my advice, you should revise (B级)your plan for the trip to Beijing.
A) change B)exchange C) enlarge D) encourage
标准答案：a
7、 He has a very outgoing personality (B级)and makes friends very easily.
A)capacity B) character
C) reality D)attitude
标准答案：b
8、 The room was furnished (B级)with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table
A)supplied B) gathered
C)grasped D)made
标准答案：a
9、 His novel depicts (A级)an ambitious American.
A)writes B) sketches
C)describes D)indicates
标准答案：c
10、 Smoking is inhibited (A级)in public places.
A) instructed B)inquired C) forbidden D) strived
标准答案：c
11、 He is assigned to oversee (A级)the production of the assembly lines.
A)supervise B) watch
C)suspect D)predict
标准答案：a
12、 Soldiers have to obey (A级)orders.
A)reply to B) apply for
C)abide with D)comply with
标准答案：d
13、 Are you positive that there’s been no mistake?
A) rational B)reasonable C) certain D) bound (A级)
标准答案：c
14、 An exhaustive (A级)investigation of the facts proves the contrary.
A) exhausted B) tired C) thorough D) careful
标准答案：c
15、 He resented(A级) being called a foreigner.
A)hated B) enjoyed C) annoyed D) shocked
标准答案：a
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Bill gates: Unleashing your creativity
I’ve always been an optimists and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.
For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a chunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life.
When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.
And after 30 years, I’m still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.
I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness – to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own.
Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.
Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work”. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’t know you could do that with a PC!”
But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.
I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.
As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death pf a child anywhere else, and that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s lives.
I’m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible – and it’s happening every day. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.
I’m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we’re going to make some amazing in all these area in my life. (563 words)
1. A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
2. Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
3. Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work” .
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
4. To Bill Gates’mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poor’s children and the death of the rich’s children.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
标准答案：A,A,B,B
解析：1.A. 细节题。文章第2段中的答案相关句说“30年以前的计算机大小如冰箱”， 根据文章第3段可推断出“30年以前 Bill Gates应该在上7年级”， 综合这两部分信息可知“ 在Bill Gates上7年级的时候， 计算机象冰箱那么大”。7年级正好是在美国上中学的时候， 因此问题句的内容与文章中相关内容一致。
2.A. 细节题。 该题的答案相关句在第3段。 根据文章第3段的内容可以推断出bill gates 在30年以前期待计算机的普及， 根据文章第5段的内容可以推断出Bill Gates 现在仍然相信计算机因为其独特的功能受到人们的欢迎。 因此问题句提供了正确的信息。
3.B. 细节题。从第7段中可以看出当比尔盖茨给人们展示计算机方面的新成就时， 他感到像是跳着踢踏舞去工作。 因此问题句没有提供正确的信息。
4.B. 细节题。 在文章第10段(倒数第3段)中比尔盖茨明确地说“非洲儿童的夭折与其他任何地方的儿童的夭折一样， 都是一个悲剧， 都令人感到悲痛”， 由此可见穷人孩子的死亡与富人孩子的死亡之间并没有大的差异。
补充：
no + 形容词/副词比较级 than... == as 形容词/副词的反义词 as...
e.g. He is no clever(更聪明的) than I = He is as stupid(愚蠢的) as I.
5. So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
6. Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
7. Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
标准答案：C,A,C
解析：5. C。 细节题。利用问题句中的特征结构several dozen billion dollars和细节信息词charities共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句。结果发现这两个线索结构在文章中均没有直接或间接地出现， 由此可见问题句的内容在文章中没有被提及。
6.A. 细节题。依据文章倒数第4段和倒数第5段的内容可知“比尔盖茨和他的妻子致力于帮助最多的穷人改善他们的健康和教育情况”， 这与问题句的内容一致。
7.C. 细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息结构a small portion of his wealth 和his children 共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句, 结果发现这两个线索结构在文章中均没有直接或间接地出现， 由此可见问题句的内容在文章中没有被提及。
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Electromagnetic Energy
White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.
Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦).
Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.
1. Paragraph 3____A. Nuclear reactions as the lasting source of the sun's energy
B. The most important source of energy
2. Paragraph 4____ C. Types of electromagnetic energy
D. The machines used for energy generation
3. Paragraph 5____ E. Seeking new sources of energy
F. The use of ultraviolet radiation in medicine
4. Paragraph 6 ____
标准答案：C,B,A,E
解析：1.C.该段中出现了电磁能的具体例子，所以C是答案。
2.B.the sun是该段的核心词，所以初步判定A是答案，但该段并没有提到A中说的“核反应”，所以排除A，借助该段中的第2句(The source of most of our energy is the sun./我们最重要的能源是太阳)，判定答案为B。
3.A.该段落“核反应，核能”反复出现，对比被选项选择A，而该段最后一句的句意确认A。
4.E.对比剩下被选项中的核心词(D：machine，E: new course of energy，F: ultraviolet radiation)与该段中的用词，可以直接确认答案为E。
19、 5. One can get a sunburn even _____________.
6. Infrared radiation can produce heat _____________.
7. X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer _____________.
8. Chemical energy is generated _____________.
A. when it is absorbed by matter
B. when it is cloudy
C. because they can pass through solid objects
D. when the sunrays are fierce
E. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
F. when electron rearrangement takes place
标准答案：B,A,C,F
解析：5.B. 借助问题句中的特征词sunburn作为答案线索词， 在文章第一段的第4句找到答案相关句(On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.)，判断答案为B。
6.A.该题可直接借助搭配句意判断答案。也可借助原文(利用问题句中的infrared, heat作为答案线索词)， 在第3段第4句找到答案相关句：Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced.
7.C.可借助搭配句意直接确认答案C。也可借助原文(X-rays, gamma rays作为答案线索词)，在第3段倒数第3句找到答案相关句：X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.
8.F.借助问题句中的特征词chemical energy作为答案线索词， 在第5段倒数第4句找到答案相关句(Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. )，确认答案为F。
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇 Smart Window
Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.
“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.
Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.
练习：
1. Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?
A) Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.
B) Windows help to save energy by letting light in.
C) Windows help to save energy by providing heat.
D) Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.
2. When are windows the weak link in a building?
A) In the cold winter.
B) In the hot summer.
C) When air conditioners are turned on.
D) Both A and B.
3. What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4?
A) Windows that are coated.
B) Windows that are glazed.
C) Windows the color of which can be changed.
D) Windows that have many layers.
4. To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?
A) Electricity.
B) Tungsten oxide.
C) A battery.
D) A voltage.
5. What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph?
A) The buildings will look different.
B) Windows can be as large as you want.
C) We may not need air conditioners any more.
D) They are less expensive than traditional windows.
标准答案：A,D,C,B,C
解 析：1.A. 三个被选项均提到了节约能量， 因此首先关注前两个段落中涉及到节约能量的句子，利用被选项中的细节信息结构(A：from clear to dark, B: light; C: heat; D: the outside world) 共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
Windows not only (不但...而且...)let light(光) in to cut down(砍倒，减少) an electricity(电) use(使用) for lighting(照明), but the light coming through(通过) the window also provides(提供) heat(热). However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers(研究者) are now working on(继续研究， 设法说服) new technologies (技术)that enable (使能够)a window to quickly(很快地) change from clear to dark and anywhere in between (在此之间， 在...之间)with(用) a flip(轻敲) of a switch(开关) .
(第2段)“It took(花费) us a long time to figure out(弄清楚， 计算出) what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact(接触) with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
第一段中的答案相关句说：窗户因为让阳光进入房间，并且为房间提供热源，所以节约了能源。第二段中的答案相关句说：窗户使人们能接触外部世界。所以B、C和D都说明了窗户的重要性。 所以A是错误的说法。
2.D. 细节题。利用被选项中的细节信息词(A：cold winter; B: hot summer; C: air conditioners)作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句：
(第一题答案相关句)Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. (第一题答案相关句)Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.
“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. (第一题答案相关句)“It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
(第3段)Yet, windows are the weak link(问题句中的核心词) in a building when it comes to (当提到...)energy(能量) and temperature(温度)control(控制， 管理). In the winter, cold air(空气) leaks(渗透，漏 ) in. When it’s hot and sunny(阳光充足的), sunlight(阳光) streams(流淌， 溪，河流) in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
短文第三段的第一句说：windows are the weak link in a building，接下来是对这句话分寒冬和炎夏做了说明。所以D是正确选择。
3.C. 细节题。 利用被选项中的核心词及细节信息词(A: coat; B: glaze; C: change; D: many layers)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第2题答案相关句)Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
(第4段)Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating(对应选项A中的coat), glazing(对应选项B中的glaze), and layering(对应选项D中的layer)windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use(使用) chromogenic (发色的)technologies(技术) which involve(包括) changes of color.
第四段告诉我们，多年来，科学家已研究出多种通过窗户节能的办法，而smart windows使用的技术使窗户能变换颜色。所以C是正确选择。
4.B. 细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息结构(electrochromic windows， window glass)及被选项中的细节信息结构(黑体结构)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. (答案相关句)Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.
(第5段) Electrochromic windows (电致变色的)use electricity to change color. For example(例如), a sheet of(一片) glass coated with thin(薄薄的) layers of chemical (化学的)compound(混合物) such as(例如) tungsten oxide(氧化钨) works(工作) a bit (一点/少许)like(象) a battery(电池). Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
第五段第二句提供了答案。a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide中的 coated是“涂上一层薄薄的...”的意思。
5.C.被选项中出现了大量的修饰词，利用这些词(A：different; B: large; D: expensive, traditional)及选项C中的细节信息词(air conditioner)共同作为答案线索,在文章中查找答案相关句：
(最后一段)One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development(发展) of smart windows could mean(意味着) that massive(巨大的) air conditioning systems may no longer(不再) need. “In the future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.
段落最后一段的倒数第2句是直接答案相关句， 根据该句内容判断C是答案。
第2篇 Who wants to live forever?
If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you have a healthy life for twice as long， would you take it?
The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date.Scientists have already extended the lives of flies，worms and mice in laboratories.Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.
This seems a great idea.Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams， spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.
“Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking，”says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health. “It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work.”
Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them.They also affect society as a whole.“We have war poverty, all sons of issues around，and I don’t think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,” says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan.“The question is ‘What will we get as a society?’ I suspect it won't be a better society.”
It would certainly be a very different society.People are already finding it more difficult to stay married.Divorce rates are rising.What would to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?
Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart1 .We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice.That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted.More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgement .
On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult.And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140 .It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.
And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy Young people like to move about.old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking.old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to experience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact，they are less enthusiastic about everything.
The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think.But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now.
“If this could ever happen，then we’d better ask what kind of society we want to get,”says Daniel Callahan.“We had better not go anywhere near it2 until we have figure those problems out.”
练习：
1.which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?
A)Spending more time with his family.
B)Having more education.
C)Realizing more dreams.
D)Working longer.
2.Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?
A)Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.
B)More and more people in the US today want to get married.
C)Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.
D)If people live longer, they would stay in marriage longer.
3.All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT
A)Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.
B)More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.
C)The job market would be more competitive.
D)It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.
4.An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that
A)it places more emphasis on educating the young.
B)it is both wise and energetic.
C)it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.
D)it welcomes Changes.
5.Which of the following best describes Callahan’s attitude to anti-ageing technology?
A)Optimistic.
B)Pessimistic.
C)Reserved.
D)Negative
标准答案：B,A,B,C,C
解 析：1.B. 细节题。 利用备选项中的细节信息词(A：family, B: education, C: dreams, D: working/work)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第3段)This seems a great idea.Think of(考虑， 想象) how(怎样，何等)much more (更多的)time we could spend chasing(追逐) our dreams， spending time with our loved(热爱的) ones，watching(注视，监视) our families grow(成长) and have families of their own(他们自己的).
(第4段)“Longer life would give us a chance(机会) to recover(恢复， 使改过) from our mistakes(错误) and promote(促进， 提升) long term(长期的) thinking(思考， 思想)，”says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health(公共卫生). “It would also raise(提高， 饲养, 募集) productivity(生产力) by adding to(增加) the year we can work(working的家族词).”
答案相关句出现在第3，4段里， 第一个答案相关句说“想想我们将会延长多少时间来追逐我们的梦想，与爱人厮守，看着我们的孩子成长并组成他们自己的家庭”, 因此A和C都不是答案。 第2个答案相关句说“它(长寿)还延长了人的工作时间，从而使生产力得到提高”， 因此D也不是答案， 答案是B。
2.A. 首先关注段落第6段。 备选项中都出现与婚姻相关的词语， 因此首先关注该段中涉及到婚姻的句子。
This seems a great idea.(第1题答案相关句 )Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams， spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.
“Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking，”says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health. (第1题答案相关句 ) “It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work.”
(第6段) It would certainly be a very different society.People are already finding it more difficult(困难的) to stay(继续) married(已婚的).Divorce (与婚姻相关的词汇)rates (离婚率)are rising(上升).What would to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?
答案相关句说“人们发现很难保持一段婚姻。 离婚率正在上升。”该句暗示美国人目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱。
3.B. 细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息结构(working life)及备选项中的细节信息词共同作为答案线索(A: employer, employee; B: money, employer, employee; C: job market; D: top positions), 在文章中查找答案相关句：
It would certainly be a very different society.(第2题答案相关句)People are already finding it more difficult to stay married.Divorce rates are rising.What would to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?
Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart1 .We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice.That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected(被影响)，especially(尤其) if the retirement age(退休年龄) was lifted(举起， 提升).More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment .
On the other hand(另一方面)，more people working for longer(更长久地) would create (造成)greater competition (竞争)for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.Top posts(邮件， 职位) (top positions的近义结构)would be dominated by (被...控制)the same few individuals(个人， 个人的) ， making career progress(职业发展) more difficult(更困难).And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to (能够)communicate with (与...交流)a 125-year-old boss(employer的近义词)?
依据答案相关句判断， 文章中的作者没有提到雇佣者需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。
4. C。 细节题。利用问题句中涉及修饰词的结构(an important feature)及备选项中出现的细节信息词或修饰词(A：the young; B: wise, energetic; C: curiosity; D: change )共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第3题答案相关句) On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult.And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?
(第10段) Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140 .It may be that such(这样的) a society(社会) would place less importance on (不太注重)guiding(引导) and educating(选项A中的核心词) young people，and more on making life comfortable(舒服的) for the old(老年人).
And society(社会) would feel very different(不同的) if more(更多) of its members(成员) were older. There would be more wisdom(wise的家族词汇)，but less energy(energetic的家族词汇). Young people like to move about.old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking.old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to experience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about(对...热心) change. In fact，they are less enthusiastic about everything.
根据10，11 段里的答案相关句判断C是答案。
5.C. 细节题。 利用问题句中的特征词(Callahan)和细节信息词(anti-ageing technology)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140 .(第4题答案相关句)It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.
(第4题答案相关句) And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about.old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking.old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to experience different things.(第4题答案相关句)Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact，they are less enthusiastic about everything.
The effect(影响) of anti-ageing technology (抗衰老技术)is deeper than (比...更深) we might think.But as(随着) the science(科学) advances(前进)，we need to think about (考虑)these changes(变化) now.
“If this could ever(的确) happen(发生， 出现)，then we’d better(最好) ask(问) what kind of society(社会) we want to get(得到),”says Daniel Callahan.“We had better (最好)not go anywhere(任何地方) near it until(直到) we have figure (解决)those problems(问题) out.”
答案相关句说“Callahan认为在搞清楚长寿社会给我们带来哪些问题之前，最好不要急着搞抗衰老的技术”。 由此可见他对抗衰老技术的发展是持一种保留的态度
第3篇 "Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Pfennninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species aad discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high. as 30%，”Pfenninger says
"I'm extremely surprised by their results." says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph`Intririo'. Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing.
Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonumic groups is completed. Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.
Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct.non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union(WCU).
The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise: They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whom genetic differences that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.
In the early 1900s misidentification mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. “The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you hav to know what you are dealing with,” Pfenninger said. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was studied.
1，Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?
A The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas:
B The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.
C The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.
D. The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest.
2. What was scientists' understanding of cryptic species?
A They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions
B They were mostly found in insects and reptiles.
C They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions
D Both B and C
3, Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?
A Not yet.
B Yes. they do.
C They will know the answer in another one or two years.
D They will never know the answer.
4. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?
A The WCU are interbreeding those elephants
B They are interbreeding species.
C They are two genetically distant species.
D They depend on each other for survival
5. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s, because scientists
A identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.
B thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.
C thought there was only on, mosquito species.
D did not know what species sees being studied.
标准答案：D,D,A,C,A
解析：第3篇
1.D. 利用问题句中的细节词(research)备选项中的细节信息结构(名词性结构)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
Cryptic species (隐蔽性物种)animals that appear (看起来)identical (相同的)but are genetically(在基因上) quite (非常)distant(关系远的)一may be much more widespread(普遍的， 分布广的) than previously(以前) thought. The findings(研究发现)(与research 相关) could have major(较多的， 主要的) implications(暗示) in areas(领域) ranging from (范围涉及从...到...)biodiversity (生物多样性)estimates (估计)and wildlife management(野生动物管理)，to our understanding of infectious diseases (传染性疾病)and evolution(演变).
答案相关句(第1段第2句)说：研究结果为广泛的研究领城提供很多启示， 包括生物多样性研究.还能帮助我们理解传染疾病及其演变。 所以选项A,B,C都是正确的。
2.D. 利用问题句中的细节信息词(scientists)和被选项中的细节信息结构(名词性结构)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. (第一题答案相关句)The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Pfennninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt(法兰克福大学)’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
(第3段) Scientists had previously(以前) speculated(曾经推测)that cryptic species were predominantly((在数量等上)占优势地/主要地) found in insects and reptiles(爬行动物)，and were more likely to (更可能)occur(出现) in tropical (热带的)rather than temperate(温和的) regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as (高达)30%，”Pfenninger says
答案相关句(第三段第一句)讲述了科学家们在过去对隐蔽性物种的一些推测， 根据该句内容判断D是答案。
3.A. 顺着上一题的答案相关句位置往下查找答案相关句：
(第2题答案相关句)Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until(直到) the genetic information (遗传信息)of all species(物种) in at least (至少)one taxon(生物的分类单元) is thoroughly(彻底地) studied(研究), no one (没有人)will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as (高达)30%，”Pfenninger says.
答案相关句(第3段倒数第2句)表明科学家认为人们目前还不了解隐蔽性物种存在的数量。
4.C.利用问题句中的细节信息词(African bush elephant, African elephant)及备选项中的特征词(WCU)和 备选项中的共有词(interbreed)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. (第3题答案相关句)Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high. as 30%，”Pfenninger says
(第6段)Examples(例子) of cryptic species(隐蔽性物种) include(包括) the African elephant. (第2句)A 2001 study found(发现) the elephants were actually(实际上) two genetically distinct (不同的，清楚的) non-interbreeding (不可杂种繁殖的)species(物种),the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently (现在)listed as (被列为)vulnerable(易受攻击的) and threatened(受到威胁的), respectively(分别地), by the World Conservation。
答案相关句(第6段第2句)说“2001年的一个自然发现是大象之间也是基因差别较大，是属于不可杂交的物种，非洲丛林大象和非洲大象就是这样的例子”， 由此判定C正确。
5.A. 利用问题句中的特征结构(in the early 1900s, Europe)，细节信息词(malaria)及备选项中的共有词(mosquito)共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant.(第4题答案相关句) A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union(WCU).
In the early 1900s misidentification(错误辨识) of mosquito species based on (基于...的)morphology(形态学) confused(使...困惑/混乱)attempts(努力) to control malaria in Europe. (在20世纪初期， 基于形态学对蚊子物种进行的错误辨识扰乱了控制欧洲疟疾的工作). Ultimately(最终), what was thought(认为) to be a single(单个的， 单身的) species was actually made up of (由...组成)six sibling (兄弟， 姐妹)species, only three of which transmitted(传播) the disease(疾病). “The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with,” Pfenninger said. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was studied.
答案相关句(文章最后一段前两句)说：欧洲20世纪初基于形态学对蚊子的错误分类影响了对疟疾的控制， 这个原本认为是一个单一类型的物种是由六个分类物种组成， 而其中仅有三个分类物种传播疾病， 因此A是答案。
解析：1.B虽然四个选项的词 (figures 数字， 体形，考虑(figure out计算出/断定)， amounts 数量， 总计，numbers 数目，digits 阿拉伯数字) 都是与数字有关的，在vast... of修饰不可数名词 land ，因此需要用 amounts。B 是答案。
2.A在 “Renewables look attractive when they are quite __?__. But if we start producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible”这两个句子之间，有个连词 But, 说明两个句子的意思相反。后一句说，如果大规模开发可再生能源，其后果十分可怕。既然 “大规模”、“可怕”，前一句填入空格的词应该与之相反。选项 A 是 small ，正符合要求，A 是答案。
考点：上下文之间的意义。
3.CAusubel 是不赞成大规模开发可再生能源的。“空3”后出现 nuclear, 可以合理地推论出，这是他赞同的能源。所以要选 C 的for( argue for...(争论以支持...)。 argue over (就……进行争论), argue against (争论以反对...) 都不符合上下文的意思。.
4.D“空4”前面一句说，Ausubel 对可再生能源、天然气和核电厂发出的电量与其占用土地的量的比值作一比较。“空4”所在的句子说，随着风力发电、生物燃料发电和太阳能发电占用的最好的土地逐渐用完，这个效率比值会发生什么变化呢?从 gets used up 分析，效率比值应该变小才对。所以要选 D的 decrease。minimize (使最小化)不符合上下文的意思。
5.A从句子的意思和词的搭配上看，填入 “空5”的词是选项 A 的 same。same…as 是固定搭配。填入 same 之后，句子的意思也完整了，即：用生物燃料得到与 1000 兆瓦核电厂相同的能量需要 2500 平方公里的耕地。
25、 6. A) region B) site C) area D) land
7.A) leased B) cultivated C) used D) purchased
8.A) patch B) match C) catch D) fetch
9. A) in B) with C) of D) on
10. A) even if B) only if C) what if D) as if
标准答案：D,C,B,C,A
解 析：6.DLand在前文中出现过， 因此land成为答案的可能性较大。Region 和area词义十分接近， 可以彼此排除掉， B出现在空格中不合适。 Farm land的含义为耕地。
7.C“空7”所在的句子的意思是： 根据...土地计算，太阳能的效率比生物燃料的效率高得多 。最适合填入的词是 C 的 used。其它三个选项 leased (租借)、cultivated (耕种)、purchased (购买)都不符合上下文的意思。
8.B本题只能选 B 的 match (相匹配)，其它三个选项，即 patch (补缀)、catch (捕捉)、fetch (取来) 只是与 match 发音接近，意思与上下文不匹配。
9.Ccritical 要求后接 of。C 是答案。
10.A从“空10”所在的句子分析：the US got all of its power from solar energy 应该是宾语从句中的让步状语从句，选 A 的 even if 是对的。only if (只有当...)、what if (如果……怎么办)、as if (仿佛)从其分别得使用特点上看都不能出现在空格处。
26、 11.A) lock up B) take up C) give up D) step up
12.A) towering B) interesting C) nicelooking D) existing
13.A) surrounds B) contains C) includes D) covers
14.A) issue B) stuff C) summary D) suggestion
15.A) doubtfully B) supposedly C) certainly D) honestly
标准答案：B,D,D,A,C
解 析：11.B本题只能选 B 的 take up (占用)，因为用上 take up 后，上下文的意思就连贯了。其它三个选项，即 lock up(锁上)、give up (放弃)、step up (逐步增加) 的意思与上下文不匹配。
12.D“空12”所在的句子的意思是： 美国仅仅从 ? 大楼的楼顶(铺设的太阳能电池板)中就能得到四分之一的能量。从意思连贯的角度选择，选项 D 的 existing 最符合题意。
13.D本段第一句用了 “dual use”。第二句说风力发电占用土地的百分数 (土地的第一个用途)。第三句说建有涡轮发电机的土地仍然可以用于耕种 (土地的第二个用途)。“空13”要填的动词应该是 D 的 covers (覆盖)。the land that it (指代 wind) covers, 意为 “风力发电所覆盖的土地”。
14.A从上下文看，应该是对占用土地问题的过度简单化。选项 A 的 issue (问题) 正是上下文缺失的词。stuff 、summary 、suggestion 都不对。
15.C“空15”所在句子的前半句是说不会在阿富汗建造核电站，后半句用 but 开始，说明前半句和后半句的意思相反。前半句用了 I’m not sure，后半句用 选项 C 的 certainly, 与 not sure 的意思相反，是很合理的。
