爱华网1、听音频： 回答1-10题。Directions:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English． You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them． There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B．Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test book-let． At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1．If you have any questions, you may raise your hand now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started．Now look at Part A in your test booklet． Part ADirections:You will hear 10 short dialogues． For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible an-swers． Choose the correct answer- A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet． You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue only once．What will the woman do tomorrow?A．Hold a party．B．See Mr． Smith．C．Work overtime．D．Attend a wedding．
2、 Who is Mr． Johnson according to the speakers?A．Their former colleague．B．Their former neighbor．C．Their former teacher．D．Their former client．
3、 What are the speakers talking about?A．A job interview．B．A reporter' s work．C．How to impress people．D．How to handle an interview．
4、 How many flights to Sydney will there be next Tuesday afternoon?A．One．B．Two．C．Four．D．Five．
5、 What did the man' s teacher tell him to do?A．Polish his essay．B．Hand in his essay．C．Rewrite his essay．D．Write a shorter essay．
6、 What can we learn about the woman' s son?A．He often talks with his mother．B．He often drives in a careless way．C．He is willing to listen to his mother．D．He is worried about his driving skills．
7、 What do we know about Jack?A．He is a company manager．B．He makes emergency calls．C．He records emergency calls．D．He is a company technician．
8、 What can we learn from this conversation?A．The woman is paying the bill．B．Bill' s phone number is 510-1520-20．C．The man pays 20 dollars to the woman．D．The woman has a 20-dollar bill changed．
9、 What does the woman mean?A．The dentist' s is at a convenient place．B．The dentist's is close to Times Square．C．It was comfortable to sit at the dentist' s．D．It was not so terrible a visit to the dentist' s．
10、 What do we know about the woman?A．She is going to deliver a lecture．B．She spent a year in the rain forest．C．She is looking forward to the lecture．D．She will finish her report this weekend． SECTION I Listening Comprehension Part B11、What do we know about the woman's family?A．They kept a lot of birds．B．They lived in a big house．C．They owned a small farm．D．They suffered from poverty．
12、 What did the woman' s mother impress her with?A．Her love．B．Her success．C．Her ambition．D．Her knowledge．
13、 What did the woman' s mother wish her to do?A．Go to college．B．Become a writer．C．Have a better life．D．Support her family．
14、 Whom is the man probably complaining to?A．A receptionist．B．A travel agent．C．A coach driver,D．A hotel staff member．
15、 Why did the man wait in the heat for two hours?A．The coach had to be replaced．B．The coach driver felt sick．C．The hotel rooms were full．D．The hotel had to be cleaned．
16、 What did the man mention in his complaint?A．Impolite hotel cleaners．B．Dark light and dirty rooms．C．Rude people living downstairs．D．Disturbing noise and poor food．
17、 How did the man feel about the woman' s apology?A．Amusing．B．Annoying．C．Desirable．D．Reasonable．
18、 What did the NWHA survey aim to explore?A．The incidences of obesity．B．Popular views on obesity．C．Ways to fight obesity．D．The causes of obesity．
19、 How many people in the world are rated as being overweight?A．16 million．B．18 million．C．1．6 billion．D．1．8 billion．
20、 In which country do people feel the most pressure to be thin?A．Brazil．B．India．C．France．D．America．
21、 Who are most likely to blame their parents for obesity?A．The French．B．The Swiss．C．Germans．D．Russians．
22、 What do trendspotters do?A．Take pictures of youth culture．B．Write reports on youth culture．C．Sell products to young people．D．Create websites for young people．
23、 What does Look-Look concentrate on?A．Recruiting trendspotters for its clients．B．Providing advice to young trendspotters．C．Organizing sales networks for its clients．D．Dealing in information about youth trends．
24、 Why do some companies use Look-Look' s images on their websites?A．To promote visits to Look-Look．com．B．To attract young people to their new products．C．To learn about what makes young people buy．D．To encourage young people to be photographed．
25、 Why is it difficult for trendspotters to catch original styles?A．Many young people like to show off．B．Many young people stick to the rules．C．Many young people try to copy trends．D．Many young people refuse to take pictures．SECTION II Use of English(15 minutes) 根据下列材料，请回答26-45题： What do I want? It' s really a very 26 question; yet many of us are not sure． 27 it doesn' t have to be all that difficult to answer． It' s a matter of 28 Have you ever looked through a telescope at something? You find a 29 point to concen-trate on, and then 30 the settings． At first, it's too 31 , then it's too far away, finally it' s just right． The 32 is that it takes many adjustments to 33 the subject into focus． If 34 want to look at something else, the 35 starts again． Goal-setting is the same way． Don' t 36 if at first you don' t know exactly what you want to 37 ． Just don' t make the mistake of never committing 38 anything． Sometimes the answer is very simple: Just 39 something! Dr． Mark Goldstone, author of Get Out of Your Own Way, 40 you "look back in order to look 41． " Examine your calendar at day' s end during a typical week and 42 eachappointment or listing on a scale of - 3 to + 3, 43 -3 means "If I never do this again, it will be 'too soon to do it． " and + 3 means "I could do this all day long, and I can' t 44 to do it all over again． " 45 you identify the frequent themes, you' 11 be able to better focus your dreams．
26、A．strangeB．simpleC．ridiculousD．funny
27、A．AndB．SoC．ForD．But
28、A．timeB．determinationC．focusD．preference
29、A．referenceB．turningC．startingD．major
30、A．switchB．openC．adjustD．fix
31、A．largeB．darkC．foggyD．close
32、A．signB．pointC．choiceD．law
33、A．bringB．moveC．includeD．put
34、A．observersB．viewersC．weD．you
35、A．practiceB．processC．progressD．performance
36、A．hesitateB．mindC．worryD．apologize
37、A．seeB．sayC．doD．hear
38、A．inB．onC．toD．at
39、A．writeB．pickC．testD．draw
40、A．suggestsB．announcesC．imaginesD．warns
41、A．forwardB．upC．roundD．in
42、A．readB．correctC．defineD．grade
43、A．whichB．whatC．whereD．why
44、A．waitB．promiseC．affordD．manage
45、A．OnceB．UnlessC．BeforeD．ThoughSECTION III Reading Comprehension Part A(40 minutes)
Text 1 46、根据下列材料，请回答46-60题： In 1997, 25 Japanese citizens, all older than 60, launched Jeeba (the name means "old man and old woman") to make senior-friendly products． They knew they were making history when they coined their company motto : "Of the elderly, by the elderly and for the elderly． " They do not hire young people, and the oldest of their workers is 75． Firms run by senior citizens are still a rarity, in Japan and worldwide． But the elderly have numbers on their side． Healthier and longer-living seniors, born immediately after World War II,are reaching retirement age in huge numbers all over the developed world． Extremely low birthrates in those same countries mean there are far fewer young workers to take their place． One likely con-sequence is now clear: shrinking work forces． While the streamlining effects of international competition are focusing attention on the need to create and keep good jobs, those fears will eventually give way to worries about the growing short-age of young workers． One unavoidable solution: putting older people back to work, whether they like it or not． Indeed, advanced economies like those of Finland and Denmark have already raised their retirement ages． Others are under severe pressure to follow suit, as both the European Com-mission and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have recently warned their members that their future prosperity depends on a growing contribution from the elderly． Whether these changes are good or bad news to workers depends on whether they anticipate retirement with eagerness or dread． In the United States, half of working-age Americans now expect to work into their 70s, whether by financial necessity or by lifestyle choice, according to a new study by Putnam Investments． Contrary to still widespread assumptions, there is very little hard evidence to suggest that com-panies cannot stay competitive with a rising share of older workers． At 13ritish hardware chain B&Q, its "elder worker" stores in Manchester and Exmouth were 18 percent more profitable than its regular outlets--due in part, the company says, to six times less employee turnover and 60 per-cent less shoplifting and breakage．
46、Jeeba' s difference from a conventional company mainly lies in A．the age of its employeesB．the number of its ownersC．the quality of its productsD．the scope of its operations
47、 In the developed world, compared with young people, the elderly A．are better at businessB．are greater in numberC．have healthier lifestylesD．have more job opportunities
48、 According to the writer, in the current situation companies are faced with the tough task of A．creating good positionsB．employing retired workersC．filling vacant positionsD．replacing unskilled workers
49、 For future prosperity, many European countries will have to A．increase the number of young workersB．offer many senior-friendly jobsC．improve services for seniorsD．raise their retirement ages
50、 B&Q' s "elder worker" stores are mentioned to show that the employment of older work-ers A．does not reduce a company' s competitivenessB．does not affect older workers' lifestyle ChoicesC．is not a usual practice among competitive firmsD．is not good news to those who are eager to retireText 2
根据下列材料，请回答51-65题： Here' s how I want to watch the 2014 Winter Olympics． I want to go to a Web site to see any event I want, whenever I want to watch it, on whatever screen I choose． I' 11 gladly pay． The technology exists to make this happen today． Yet nearly two decades after the introduction of the World Wide Web, this remains a fantasy． NBC, which broadcasted the Vancouver Olympics in the United States, wouldn' t put videos on its Web site until they had been shown on prime-time TV． So Americans had the weird experience of learning from a news report during the day that something fantastic had just happened, and then having to wait until that night' s broadcast to see it．Bloggers complained, but NBC wouldn' t give way． Its research shows that people like me, who want to watch the Olympics online, represent only 7 percent of the total audience． The other, bigger concern is: the Internet doesn' t deliver any money． Advertisers remain willing to pay big money to show their commercials on prime-time TV． But on the Internet? Not so much． So NBC clings to the old way of doing things． As it sees it, the prime-time show is the most important． To make matters worse, NBC was already expecting to lose $ 250 million on the 2010 Vancouver Games． Good luck persuading it to invest in a risky Web project．It's easy to blame the network executives． But the NBC guys and their like are only doing what makes sense． They're going where the money is．That needs to change． Yes, selling reporting of Olympic events over the Internet would drain away some of the prime-time audience, but my sense is many of the online subscribers would still watch the prime-time show． And over time, the subscription dollars could become a substantial rev- enue stream． Instead of viewing the Internet as a threat to prime time, the TV networks should see the Web as a way to sell even more of their product to a small but passionate subset of their audi-ence． I' m hoping that by 2014, that will have changed．
51、 According to the writer, watching the Olympics online as one likes A．is technologically impossibleB．is still denied to the audienceC．has been a dream for 20 yearsD．will no longer be free in 2014
52、 We learn that what Americans saw about the Vancouver Olympics A．was unavailable onlineB．differed from the newsC．seemed weird to themD．was first shown on TV
53、 Bloggers complained about NBC' s A．neglect of those in the minorityB．excessive online advertisementsC．delay in providing videos onlineD．limited reporting on sports news
54、 After the 2010 Vancouver Games, NBC is likely to A．improve its prime-time showB．continue its current practiceC．raise its price for advertisingD．try its luck in a web program
55、 The writer thinks the TV networks should view the Web as a potential to help them to A．make dramatic profitsB．develop new productsC．satisfy their subscribersD．divide prime-time revenues Text 3
根据下列材料，请回答56-70题： One important thing during the pre-Christmas rush at our house was the arrival of my daughter' s kindergarten report card． She got high praise for her reading, vocabulary and overall en-thusiasm． On the other hand, we learnt that she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer, though the detailed handwritten report her teachers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her efforts． A number system indicates how she' s measuring up in each area without any mention of passing or failing．All of which seems to make my daughter' s school neither fish nor fowl when it comes to the debate over the merits of giving formal grades to kids． At one level, the advantages and disadvanta-ges are obvious． A grade system provides a straightforward standard by which to measure how your child is progressing at school--and how he or she is getting on compared to other children． But as writer Sue Ferguson notes, "Grades can deceive． " The aim should be "to measure learning, not simply what a student can recall on a test． " The two aren' t the same--and if you doubt that as an adult, ask yourself whether you could sit down without any preparation and still pass those high-school-level examinations． If you' re old enough, you' ve lived through this debate before． At one time, it was considered unfair to put children in direct competition with one another if it could be avoided． The inten-tion behind tha．t may have been good, but it ignored the fact that competition, and the will to come out on top, are essential components of the human condition． This time around, educators working with a no-grades approach are emphasizing different rea-sons． The thing is, that approach is much more commonplace in the adult workplace than is the tra-ditional pass-fail system we place on our children． Many workplaces conduct regular employee eval-uations． There are usually fairly strict limits to what an employer can tell an employee in those eval-uations-and even then, negative evaluations can be challenged by the employee． No matter where you sit in the debate over the grade system, then, the real question is this: if it' s so good for kids, why isn't that also true for adults?
56、The school report indicates that the writer' s daughter A．lacks interest in her school workB．ranks among the best at languageC．has some trouble with her handwritingD．needs to improve in math and computer skills
57、 We can learn that the girl' s school tries to deliver the report A．in a positive wayB．in a scientific wayC．in an attractive wayD．in an enthusiastic way
58、 Sue Ferguson seems dissatisfied with the grade system for its focus on A．the process of getting the knowledgeB．the capability of memorizing for the testC．the procedure of measuring learningD．the standard of comparing schools
59、 The writer would agree that cutting children off from competition is A．fit for human developmentB．fit for their age and experienceC．against a key part of human natureD．out of consideration for children
60、 It can be learned that today's educators supporting the no-grades approach insist that A．kids be allowed to challenge the negative evaluationsB．the traditional teacher-student relationship be changedC．the evaluation system for kids be similar to that for adultsD．strict rules be set up in evaluating school childrenSECTION III Reading Comprehension Part B(40 minutes) 61、根据下列材料，请回答61-65题： Directions: Read the texts from a magazine in which five people voice their different opinions in response to an article on the issue of praising． For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person (61 to 65) to one of the statements ( A to G) given below． Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1．
Mike : Praise often and sincerely--it' s as simple as that． Employees want to feel needed and appreci-ated． By offering sincere praise with examples about what they did right, you' ll go far in creating an energetic team． Meanwhile, I don't agree with the assertion that "to focus on what needs im-proving isn' t good management． " In fact, it' s the balance of praise along with constructive criti-cism that drives employees to work smarter and reach higher．
Frank: This article makes a valid point that needs to be understood, especially for the new generation of workers, my generation． We don' t see ourselves as parts in the machine to be put in the dark to work． My generation needs respect in return from our employer, we need to feel appreciated beyond just a pay check, it' s the difference between being fulfilled at our career and being sad at our job．
Joyce : One skill missing in today's workplace is the ability to build effective business relationships．At the core of that relationship is the need for consistent feedback． "How am I doing?" is a ques-tion that should be answered consistently． When you tell an employee once a year what is needed to improve, you have not done your job as a leader--build skills, provide feedback and help the em-ployee grow and develop．
Ellen: I don' t see a problem with praising employees when it' s truly deserved ( insincere praise is an entirely different story)． It' s a cost-free "benefit", if you will, in that it allows employees to see that their efforts are both noticed and valued． In the work world there are always people available to tell that you are doing something wrong and far too few occasions when employees are told that they've done something right!
Diana: Praise what the employee did． Be specific about why it was helpful． An employee who contin-ually earns your praise also deserves your attention as to how else to reward their behavior． Mean-ingful praise encourages people beyond anything else． Written comments are available for later re-view． They give them confidence that they can "do it again． " I never regretted praising an employ-ee who deserved it but often kicked myself for missing an opportunity．
Now match the name of each person (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement Note: there are two extra statements． Statements [A]Praise combined with criticism is helpful． [B] Praise can bring about many kinds of desired behavior． [C] Employees may feel it hard to accept．insincere praise． [D] Let employees know exactly for what they are praised． [E] In my opinion, we are not generous enough to give praise． [F] Employees need helpful advice on a regular basis． [G] Money alone cannot guarantee a sense of career fulfillment for me．
61、 Mike 62、 Frank 63、 Joyce 64、 Ellen 65、 Diana SECTION IV Writing Part A(40 minutes)
66、Directions: You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2． Part A You will be transferred to the city where your friend James lives． Write an email to him, telling him about: 1 ) the reason(s) for your job transfer; 2 ) the help you will need from him． You should write approximately 100 words． Do not use your own name at the end of your email． Use "Wang Lin" instead．
SECTION IV Writing Part B(40 minutes) 67、Below is a picture showing a young man who chooses to stay at home, depending on his parents for a living． Write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points: 1) the possible causes of the young man' s problem; 2) your suggested solutions to the problem．
THAT IS THE END OF THE TEST．参考答案及精析
第一部分听力理解 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 16．D 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．D 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．C
【听力部分录音材料】 Part A1． W: Oh, I'm sorry, Mr．Smith．M: What's up, Mary?W: I' m afraid I can' t work overtime tomorrow．John and I are holding a party for the 5th anni-versary of our wedding．M: That' s all right． Enjoy yourselves．2． W: Guess who I met at the grocery store this morn-ing?M: Well, I can' t imagine．W: Do you remember Mr． Johnson? He used to live in the building next to ours．M: Oh, yes, now I remember．He had dark hair and wore glasses．3． M: I' ve just been interviewed for a reporter' s job on the evening paper．W: What' s your overall feeling about how it went?M: Well, I think I made a good impression．It seems that they were interested in me because I' ve worked as a reporter before．4． W: Northwest Airways, good morning．Can I help you?M: Yes, do you have any flights to Sydney next Tuesday afternoon?W: Yes, there is a flight at 6:45 and one at 18:00．M: That' s fine． Could you tell me how much return flight costs?W: That would be 418 dollars．5． W: You look tired, John． What have you been doing?M: My teacher wasn' t happy with my mid-term es-say． She told me to do it all over again．W: At least, she gave you a second chance．M: Yeah, I have to admit that．6． W: I' m worried about my son at driving, but he won't listen to me．M: Well, teenagers always think they won' t get hurt, but the fact is just the opposite．W: What should I do?M: Keep talking with him and lead by an example．Parents always matter．7． W: Where is Jack? His manager is trying to catch him several times but has always just missed him．M: That' s because he is being in and out all day．W: What' s been going on?M: It has been many emergency calls and he is the ordy technician available to go out and deal with them．8． W: Can you change the bill for me please?M: Sure, 5,10,15,20． OK, 20．W: Can I have some coins? I need them for a phone call．M: Here you are．9． W: I went to the dentist' s to get my teeth polished this morning．M: How terrible !W: Well, the chair was so cleverly placed． I got a terrific view of Times Square down below． He finished the job before I knew it．10． M: I hear the guy who is going to deliver the lecture this weekend spend a year living in the rainfor-est．W: Great． I'm doing a report on the rainforest．Maybe I can get some new information to add to it．
Part BQuestions 11 - 13M: Your readers are interested in your childhood．What was it like?W: I grew up in a small town． We lived in very poor housing but we lived always in very beautiful settings, so I have favorite trees and I have con-tacted with birds． My parents were farm work-ers． Though we were poor for most of part, I think I was often happy．M: It would not have been expected from that back-ground that you' 11 become a literary figure． Was your mother ambitious with you?W: Well, my mother wash' t especially ambitious with me in the sense of going to college when I grew up． I think her greatest contribution was simply that she loved me very much． No matter what happened, I had my mother with me．M: She gave you confidence．W: Oh, she did． She earned very little money, of-feting about $10 a week and never more than $ 20 a week． And in spite of that, she managed to buy a typewriter for me． She managed to buy me my first toothpaste when I left home． She just wanted me to be able to do things that she couldn' t do even she didn' t know what they were,
Questions 14 - 17W: Good morning． Can I help you?M: I' d like to make a complaint about my holiday in Paris last week．W: I' m sorry to hear that． What exactly was the problem ?M : First of all, the coach taking us to the hotel broke down and we had to wait for over 2 hours in the terrible heat before our replacement arrived．Then when we got to the hotel, we found our room hadn't been cleaned．W: Oh, dear． Did you complain to the hotel staff?M: Of course, but we were told all the cleaners were off duty． Anyway, that' s not all． The people in room above sounded like they were having all night parties every night． I demanded another room but the receptionist told me the hotel was full．W: Oh, I see．M : And the worst thing was the food in the restaurant was awful． It was so bad we had to eat out all the time despite having paid for meals in the price of our holiday．W: I do apologize． I'd like to offer you a 20% dis-count on the price of one of our autumn breaks as a gesture of good will．M: A 20% discount? You must be joking． I want to see the manager．
Questions 18 - 21W: Good evening． Welcome back to Miss Know It All．For today' s program, Mr． John Smith, chairman of National Weight and Health Association, has come with findings from out recent NWHA survey on obesity． Now, Mr． Smith, what is the purpose of your survey?M: We wanted to explore how people around the world view obesity or being overweight． Actual-ly, obesity has gone global．W: How did you do it?M: We interviewed 16,000 people in 16 countries．W: How large is the overweight population of the world according to your estimates?M: 1． 6 billion including 18 million children under age 5．W: Really surprising, isn' t it? And what are your findings about people' s attitudes regarding obe-sity?M: Our survey found that people in Brazil feel the most pressure to be thin． 83% of Brazilians think there is too much emphasis placed on weight． French are most likely to blame Americans．They use American' s fast food as an excuse for their overweight problem． Russians are most likely to blame their parents for obesity．They are followed by Germans and Indians．When asked who encouraged them to try to lose weight, the Swiss tend to exclude their doctor．W: Stay tuned for more about the NWHA survey, we will be back soon after the break．
Questions 22 - 25M: Emily, what do you do as a trendspotter?W : Very simple． Take digital photos of youth culture and send them to my company． It' s called Look-Look．M: What kind of company is it?W: It's a youth culture marketing and trend forecas-ting firm in Hollywood． I' m one of Look-Look' s 65,000 trendspotters worldwide．M: Look-Look gets a lot of information about the ever-shifting tastes of the youth market by these images．W: Yes, its clients are mostly companies． They get information about trends from Look-Look and de-velop their products． They also use the images of Look-Look on their websites to impress young people and promote their newly designed prod-ucts．M: But are there any people who don' t like their pictures to be used on the website?W: I always have my subjects' permission before I take their pictures and put up their images onto Look-Look． com．M: Where do you find your best subjects?W: At school, in the park, at local supermarkets and near many music clubs．M: What is difficult about this job?W: To catch our original styles because so many young people try hard to stand out． You have to be able to find the difference between someone who is copying trends and someone who is truly inventing a new look．M: Thank you for talk with us, Emily．第二部分英语知识运用
参考译文 我想要什么?这是个非常简单的问题；虽然我们很多人都不能确定。但这个问题并不一定难以回答，这只是时间问题。你有没有曾经透过望远镜去看东西?你找到一个起始点开始聚焦，然后调整设置。起先，这个目标物要么太近，要么太远，最后焦距会刚刚好。关键是这个过程需要不断调整以聚焦于某个目标物。如果你想看别的东西，这个过程又开始了。 确定目标也是相同的方式。如果你一开始并不确切地知道你想做什么，不用担心。只是不要犯下从不承诺的错误。有时候答案很简单：就是挑一件事去做而已! 《摆脱你的习惯》一书的作者马克·金士顿博士建议“回头看的目的是为了朝前看”。在一周中的每天要结束的时候，查看下你的日历，用－3至+3之间的数值去画出每次预约和要做事情的日期。此处，－3的意思是“如果我再不去做这件事，就没有时间做了”；+3的意思是“我有一整天的时间去做这件事，我不能再做一遍”。一旦你确定了你做事的主题思想，你就会更好地集中注意力于你的梦想。
26．B【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。strange陌生的；ridiculous荒谬的；funny可笑的。此处是说我想要什么这个问题很简单，所以只有simple“简单的”符合题意，故选B。 27．D【精析】本题考查上下文语义的衔接。根据文意，此处是说这个问题许多人不能确定，但其实这个问题不难回答。因此，此处需要一个表示转折之意的连词，只有答案but“但是”表示转折，符合题意，故选D。 28．A【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。determina-tion决心；focus焦点；preference偏爱。这里是说回答这个问题只是时间问题，因此只有 “time”符合题意，构成词组“a matter of time”意为“时间问题”，故选A。 29．C【精析】本题考查动名词词义辨析。根据常识用望远镜时应该首先确定目标物，此处文意为找到一个起始点开始聚焦，starting point表示起始点，其他选项均不合题意，故选C。 30．C 【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。此处意为调整望远镜的设置，switch转变；open打开；fix固定。因此只有adjust“调整”符合题意，故选C。 31．D【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。large大的；dark黑暗的；foggy有雾的。此处是说这个目标物一会儿太近一会儿太远，此空应和后面的far away相对，所以只有close“近的”最恰当，故选D。 32．B【精析】本题考查名词语义辨析。sign标志；choice选择；law法律。根据文意，此处是说这个过程最重要的是需要不断调整，四个选项中，只有the point is…“表示最重要的是…，关键是…”，故选B。 33．A【精析】本题考查动词词组搭配。bring…into focus表示“使特别注意…，聚焦于…”，故选A。 34．D 【精析】本题考查上下文语义的衔接。第二段的第一、二句话中均出现了You，说明作者的写作对象是阅读此文章的人，故此题选D。 35．B【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。practice练习；progress进步；performance表演。此处是说，“如果你想看其他的某个事物，这个选定目标、调整设置的过程又开始了。”故只有process“过程”符合题意，故选B。 36．C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。hesitate犹豫；mind介意；apologize道歉。根据文意，只有Don’t worry．“不用担心。”符合上下文文意，故选C。 37．C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。上一段举出用望远镜看东西的例子，这一段结合实际谈论现实生活中设立目标，所以此处意为：如果你一开始不是确切地知道你想做的事情，不用担心。四个选项中，只有do“做”符合句意，故选C。 38．C【精析】本题考查动词词组搭配。commit to…表示“承诺做…”，故选C。 39．B 【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。write写；test测试；draw画画。这里是说就是挑一件事去做而已，所以四个选项中，只有pick“挑选”最恰当，故选B。 40．A【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。announce通知；imagine想象；warn警告。这里是说马克·金士顿博士在书中提出建议，故suggest“建议”最合适，故选A。 41．A【精析】本题考查副词的用法。文中意为“回头看的目的是为了朝前看”，此处空格处的词应与前面的back“后面地”相对应，故forward “朝前”符合题意，故选A。 42．C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。read阅读；correct改正；grade评级。文章应该是说“画出每次预约和要做事情的日期”，只有define有 “画出”的意思，故选c。 43．C【精析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。where引导定语从句修饰介词短语on a scale of-3 to+3。其他的词都不能起到这个作用，故选C。 44．C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。wait等待；promise承诺；manage设法。此处意为“我有一整天的时间去做这件事，我不能再做一遍”，只有afford to do sth．“有能力做某事”，这里意为“有时间做…”，符合句意。故选C。 45．A【精析】本题考查连词的用法。此处意为“一旦你确定了你做事的主题思想，你就会更好地集中注意力于你的梦想”。所以选连词once “一旦”，其他选项均不合句意，故选A。 第三部分阅读理解
Part A Text 1 参考译文： 1997年，年龄均超过60岁的25名日本市民发起了一场Jeeba运动(Jeeba意为老年男性与女性)，生产适合于老年人使用的产品。当他们编撰出公司的格言“老年人所有，老年人制造，为了老年人”时，他们知道自己正在创造历史。他们不雇佣年轻人，公司里最年长的员工年龄高达75岁。 不管是在日本还是全世界，由高龄者经营的公司仍然为数不多。但是老年人口数量巨大。第二次世界大战以后出生的人们，现在到了退休年龄，这些老年人更加健康、长寿，他们人数众多，遍布世界各地。在出生率极低的那些发达国家，接替老年人工作的年轻人更少了。一个可能出现的结果现在变得清楚了：劳动力日益缩减。 国际竞争的精简效应正集中注意力于创造和维持好工作的需求上，这些担心最终会转变为对日益缺少的年轻劳动力的担心。一个不可避免的解决方法是，让老年人回归工作，不管他们喜不喜欢。确实如此，像芬兰和丹麦这样的经济发达国家，已经延迟了退休年龄。其他一些国家正处在顺应潮流的高压下，因为欧盟委员会和经济合作与发展组织最近告诫其成员，他们未来的繁荣依赖于老年人的不断奉献。这些改变是否是好消息取决于工人们在退休的时候是怀着急切的还是恐惧的心情。据百能投资的一项新研究显示，在美国，不论是由于经济需要还是生活方式的选择，现在有一半处在工作年龄的美国人期待着能工作到70多岁。 与一直广泛传播的想法相反，几乎没有确凿的证据表明，公司里高龄工作者增多会导致公司不再有竞争力。在英国硬件连锁企业B&Q里，位于曼彻斯特和埃克斯茅斯的“高龄者”商店比其一般商店多盈利18％，公司说部分原因是由于其少了6倍的员工流动，少了60％的商店偷窃和商品损坏事件。 46．A【精析】细节题。根据文章第一段可知，Jeeba是由日本的老年市民发起的运动，其目的和公司格言主要体现的是老年人这个特点。由此可知，Jeeba与传统公司的主要区别就体现在员工的年龄上，故选A。 47．B【精析】细节题。从文章第二段第四句话“Ex-tremely low birthrates in those same countriesmean there are far fewer young workers to take their place．”可以看出：在出生率极低的发达国家，接替退休老年人工作的年轻人的数量少得多。故选B。 48．B 【精析】推断题。从文章第三段第一、二句话： “While the streamlining effects of international competition are focusing attention on the need to create and keep good jobs，those fears will even-tually give way to worries about the growing short-age of young workers．One unavoidable solution：puking older people back to work，whether they like it or not．”和最后一句话：“…their future prosperity depends on a growing contribution from the elderly．”可知，对创造和维持好工作需求的担忧最终会转变为对日益缺少的年轻劳动力的担心，对此担心的解决方法就是需要让老年人回到工作岗位，公司未来的发展繁荣依赖于老年人的不断贡献。由此可推测，在当前形势下，公司面临的严峻任务就是雇佣退休的员工，故选B。 49．D【精析】细节题。文章第三段倒数第二句说像芬兰和丹麦的发达经济国家，已经延迟了退休年龄，最后一句继而说公司的繁荣离不开老年人的贡献，故选D。5 0．A【精析】推断题。从文章最后一段第二句话 “At British hardware chain B&Q．its‘elder worker’stores…were l8 percent more profitable than its regular outlets…”可知，B&Q的“高龄者”商店比其一般商店多盈利18％。由此可以推断，公司雇佣高龄工作者并不会降低公司的竞争力，故选A。
Text 2 参考译文 下面就是我想要如何观看2014年冬季奥运会。我想进入一个网站观看任何我想看的赛事，随时都能看，什么样的屏幕都能看。我很乐意付费。 现在的技术可以让它变为现实。但是在引进互联网后将近20年的时间里，这仍是一个幻想。美国广播公司在美国黄金时间播出了温哥华奥运会后，才会将视频放到其网站上。所以美国人会有这样奇怪的经历，白天从新闻报道上 得知一些新奇的事件刚刚发生，然后不得不等到晚上播出时才能看到。 写博客的人抱怨起来，但美国广播公司不会让步。其调查显示，像我这样地想在线观看奥运会的人只代袁了观众总数的7％。另外一个更忧心的问题是：网络不会收费。广告商仍然愿意斥巨资在电视的黄金时段播放他们的广告。但是在网上播放?他们才不愿意付那么多钱。 因此美国广播公司沿用过去的老办法。正如其所看到的一样，在黄金时段播出的电视节目才是最重要的。更糟糕的是，美国广播公司已经预计在2010年温哥华冬奥会上将会损失2．5亿美元。但愿这能够劝服该公司在冒险的网络项目上投资。 网络执行者容易受到指责。但是美国广播公司和与他们类似的公司只做有意义的事情。他们只是在向钱看。 这需要改变。是的，把奥运会的报道放到网上去会让一些黄金时段的观众流失，但我认为，许多网上付费的观众仍然会在黄金时段观看电视节目。久而久之，网上订阅费有可能会变成庞大的收入来源。不应该把网络看作对电视黄金时段的威胁，电视台应该把网络当作一种销售方式，可以把自己的产品更多地卖给那一小撮充满激情的观众。 我希望到2014年，这一切都会改变。 51．B【精析】推断题。由文章第二段第一、二句话 “The technology exists to make this happen to-day．Yet nearly two decades after the introduc-tion of the World Wide Web，this remains a fan-tasy．”可以看出，当今的技术已经发展到可以让在线观看奥运会变为现实。然而，在引进互联网后将近二十年当中，这仍然是幻想。由此可推断，观众不能在线观看奥运会的原因并不是技术方面的问题，而是不被允许， 奥运会仍然是幻想，be denied to意为“…得不到的”，故选B。 52．D【精析】细节题。由文章第二段最后两句“NBC，which broadcasted the Vancouver Olympics in the United States，wouldn’t put videos on its Web site until they had been shown on prime-time TV．”可知，美国广播公司会先在电视上播放温哥华奥运会，再把视频放到网上去。由此可知，美国观众观看温哥华奥运会最先是从电视上看到的，故选D。 53．C【精析】细节题。由文章第三段第一句话可知写博客的人在抱怨，此段承接第二段，第二段说美国广播公司会先在电视的黄金时段播放奥运会，再把其放到网上去，故得知写博客的人抱怨的是美国广播公司推迟将奥运会视频放上网，故选C。 54．B【精析】推断题。由第四段第一句“So NBC clings to the old way of doing things．”可知，美国广播公司会坚守过去的老办法，这与B选项意义一致，故选B。 55．A【精析】作者意图题。由第六段最后一句话 “…the TV networks should see the Web as a way to sell even more of their product to a small but passionate subset of their audience．”可知，作者认为网络可以帮助美国广播公司更多地出售他们的产品，更多地盈利，故选A。
Text 3 参考译文 在繁忙的圣诞节来临前，我们家一件重要的事情是，收到了女儿幼儿园的成绩单。她在阅读、词汇和整体学习热情方面得到高度评价。另一方面，我们了解到，她需要好好练习数字运算和计算机操作，尽管女儿的老师准备的这份手写的详细成绩单上没有出现任何可能显示女儿消极学习的话语。一项计数法暗示了女儿在每一个学科的成绩情况，虽然没有任何通过或不及格的说明。 当谈到给小学生正常评级的好处的争论时，所有这些似乎表明女儿的学校不伦不类。在一个层面上，优点和缺点不言而喻。评级系统提供了一个直接的标准，通过这个标准可以衡量你的孩子在学校的进步情况，以及相对于其他孩子来说，自家孩子的表现情况。但正如苏·弗格森作家写的那样“成绩是可以欺骗人的”。目的应该是“衡量学习情况，而不是简单地测试学生在考试时能记得多少东西。”这两者并不一样。如果作为一个成年人，你对此感到质疑，那么你可以问问你自己，是否可以在不做任何准备的情况下仍然通过那些高中阶段的考试。 如果你足够大了，你以前就经历过了这样的辩论。曾经有人一度认为，在可以避免的情况下，让孩子们置于彼此之间直接竞争的环境中是不公平的。这个想法背后的意图或许是好的，但它忽略了一个事实，竞争和出类拔萃的愿望构成了人类生存环境的核心部分。 现在，用不给成绩的教育方法工作的教育家们在强调不同的原因。问题是，比起传统的施加在孩子身上的“过或不过”体系，这个方法在我们成人工作中更普遍。许多工作采用常规的员工测评方法。在这些测评中，通常有严格的规定限制雇主可以告知雇员的内容，即便如此，员工还是可以质疑消极的测评结果。不管你是处在关于评级体系争论的哪一方，真正的问题是：如果不给成绩的方式对孩子来说有这么多好处，为什么对成年人来说却并非如此呢? 56．D【精析】细节题。由文章第一段第三句话“on the other hand，we learnt that she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer，though the detailed handwritten report her teach-ers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her effort．”可知，作者从成绩单上面了解到女儿在数字和计算机应用能力方面仍有功课要做，言外之意便是女儿需要在这两方面加强和提高，故D项符合文意。而根据第一段第二句话“She got high praise for her reading．vocabulary and over-all enthusiasm．”只能得知，作者从成绩单上面了解到女儿在语言方面得到很高的评价，因此B选项表述与原文不符。其他两项原文没有涉及，故选D。 57．A【精析】推断题。从文章的第一段来看，作者收到女儿学校的成绩单，上面写的全是表扬的话，而作者自己知道，女儿在数字运算等方面还需要学习，由此可推断女儿学校只是努力从正面的角度赞扬女儿在学校的表现，故选A。 58．B【精析】细节题。从文章第二段第五句“The aim should be‘to measure learning，not simply what a student can recall on a test’”可知苏·弗格森对评级体系不满意的原因是它强调测试学生的记忆能力，而非学习本身，故选B。 59．C【精析】细节题。文章第三段最后一句话“…but it ignored the fact that competition，and the will to come out on top，are essential components of the human condition．”可知，作者认为让孩子们远离竞争是违反了人类生存本质的，故选C。 60．B【精析】推断题。题干意为“可以知道，赞成不给成绩的教育方式的教育家坚持认为什么?”通过排除法，A项说允许孩子质疑消极的测评结果，与原文不符，原文是作者拿成年人举例，并提出疑问，为什么成年人不能用不评级的体系，故排除A项和C项。D项说应该建立严格的规章制度来测评学生，这个文章中更没有提及，亦排除，故选B。
Part B 参考译文 下面这段文字是5个人对一篇关于表扬问题的文章的不同观点。 麦克： 频繁且真诚地表扬，就是这么简单。雇员希望感受到被需要和赏识。通过用员工做的实际工作举例来真诚地表扬，你就离创造一个活力四射的团队不远了。同时，我不同意这样一种说法“密切关注需要改进的方面不是好的管理方法”。事实上，正是表扬和有建设性的批评之间的平衡促使员工工作更有效率，取得更多的进步。 弗兰克： 这篇文章指出一个需要理解的有效观点，特别是对我这新一代的工作者。我们不把自己视为放在黑暗角落里工作的机器的一部分。我这一代人需要从雇主那儿得到尊重作为回报，除了一份工资单，我们需要被赏识。这就是在 事业中感到充实和为工作而痛苦的区别。 乔伊斯： 在当今就业市场缺失的一项技能是建立有效商业关系的能力。这个关系的核心是需要持续不断的反馈。“我做得怎么样?”是一个应该不断得到回答的问题。当你一年之中仅有一次告诉一个员工应该改进的方面，你并没有做 好领导者的本职工作——技能培训，提供反馈，帮助员工成长和发展。 艾伦： 我认为，当员工应得表扬时去表扬他没有什么问题(不真诚的表扬另当别论)。这是个不用成本的“所得”，如果你表扬了，员工便看到了自己的努力得到了关注和重视。在工作领域，总有人告诉你做错了什么事，但是几乎没人告诉你你做得很好! 戴安娜： 夸奖员工所做的事。具体说明为什么其所做的事有帮助。经常得到表扬的员工同样应该受到关注，得到可以犒劳其所为的奖励。有意义的表扬给人们的鼓励超过任何其他的东西。书面形式的评价可以用于将来的回顾。这些评价给了他们“就这么做”的信心。我从不后悔表扬了应受表扬的员工，但经常责怪自己错过了表扬的机会。 61．A【精析】主旨题。麦克认为正是表扬和有建设性的批评之间的平衡促进了员工更有效率地工作，取得更多的进步，故选A。 62．G【精析】主旨题。弗兰克认为，除了一份工资单，员工还需要被赏识，这是在事业中感到充实和为工作而痛苦的区别。意思与G项“对我来说，金钱本身不能保证事业充实的感觉”，故选G。 63．F【精析】主旨题。乔伊斯说，当你一年之中仅有一次告诉一个员工应该改进的方面，你并没有做好领导者的本职工作，意思是说一个公司的领导者应该及时地向员工提供反馈，与F项“员工需要定期得到有用的建议”意思相符，故选F。 64．E【精析】主旨题。艾伦最后一句话“在工作领域，总有人告诉你做错了什么事，但是几乎没人告诉你你做得很好”与E项“我们表扬他人时不够慷慨”意思相符，故选E。 65．D【精析】细节题。戴安娜前面两句话“夸奖员工所做的事。具体说明为什么其所做的事有帮助”与D项“让员工确切知道为什么他们受到表扬”意思相符，故选D。
