名词性从句的翻译
英语名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在翻译时,词序一般不变,但有时也需采取一些其他处理方法。
I. 主语从句的译法
A.“It+被动语态+that”句型
这种句型通常要译成汉语里的主动句,并增译出“大家”“我们” “有人” “人们”等泛指性的主语。该译法的特点保留了原文句子结构的前后顺序,即:先主句,后从句。有时也可译为“据„„”的句型。如:
It is reported that the Summit Meeting will be held in December. --据报道,这个峰会将在12月举行。
2. It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
--可能有人会提出,无线电广播同样能够做到这一点;但是在电视屏幕上,每个节目都显得更加生动,更加真实。
3. It is well known that alloy is a metal product containing two or more elements.
--众所周知(大家都知道),合金是一种含有两种或两种以上元素的金属产品。
B. “It +谓语(表语)+that”句型
这样的主语从句句型可处理为: (1) 先把主句的谓语或表语部分译成独立语,然后顺译出从句;(2) 颠倒原文句子结构,先译出从句,再译出主句。如:
4. It is strange that she have failed to see his advantages.
? --真奇怪,她竟然没有看出他的优点。
? 5. It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunshine.
1
? --毋庸置疑,没有阳光,植物就不能生长。
? 6. It is quite obvious that the girl still loves you deeply.
? --很明显,这个女孩依然深爱着你。
? 7. It is quite possible that someday John will come to see you again.
? --总有一天约翰会来找你的,这是很有可能的哦!
? 8. It is frequently the case that his car breaks down on the highway.
? --他的车在路上抛锚,这是常有的事儿。
? 9. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.
? --物体在水中比在空气中轻,这是一种(大家共有的)常识。
? 10.It follows that the Chinese comrades consider Korea’s cause as their own.
? --由此得出,中国同志把朝鲜的事情看成自己的事情。
? 比较上述各句,联系英汉民族思维差异:英语民族重直线思维,要点先给出,其他信息再一一增补;汉语民族重曲线思维,先侧面,外围,后点处信息的重点。因而,英语(前重心)是头短尾长,汉语是(后重心),头大尾小。
2
? C. 有what, whatever, whoever, when, whether等引导出的主语从句通常可按正常语序译出。如:
? 11. What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.
? --难得的是一辈子做好事而不做坏事。
? 12. What the students find most difficult in English is its idiomatic usage.
? --学生感到, 英语最困难的地方是它的习惯用法
? 13. Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
? --这里说的每句话都应当保密。
? 14. Who will monitor the class is not decided yet. ? --谁当班长还没决定。
? 15. When her parents will come hasn’t been under consideration.
? --她的父母什么时候到来还没有(纳入)考虑。
II.宾语从句的译法
? 普通句型
? 以从属连词、连接代词或介词引起的宾语从句汉译时,词序一般不变。如:
3
? I have not made up my mind as to what elective course I am to take next term.
? --我还有决定下学期上哪些选修课。
? This shows that something unexpected may have turned up.
? --这表明可能出现了意外情况。
? Lei Feng always thought how he could do more for people. ? --雷锋总是想到怎样为人民做更多的事。
? She was never satisfied with what she had achieved. ? --她从不满足于她取得的成就。
? Zhang San replied that he was very sorry.
? --张三回答说,他感到很遗憾。
? B. 用it 作形势宾语的句子,汉译时,宾语从句可按原文译出,但it 可省译。
? 21. I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.
? 我让你自己判断,这件事该不该做。
? 22. I made it clear to the students that they must hand in their assignments before 11 a.m.
? 我给学生讲明,他们必须在上午11点前交作业。
? 23. I think it quite true that he ventured out to Shangri-la.
4
? 他又冒险去香格里拉了,我觉得这件事千真万确。
III. 表语从句的译法
IV.同位语从句的翻译
汉译英练习1
? 任何值得做的事情都应该做好。(主语从句)
? 她来不来都没有关系。(主语从句)
? 我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。(宾从)
? 我被选参加会议,感到光荣。(宾从; regard)
? 打开国门,实行开放,我们认为这是绝对必要的。(宾从;consider)
参考答案
1. 任何值得做的事情都应该做好。(主语从句)
? Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
5
2. 她来不来都没有关系。(主语从句)
? Whether she comes or not makes no difference. (It makes „)
? 3. 我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。(宾从)
? I don’t know how he swam across the river.
? 4. 我被选参加会议,感到光荣。(宾从; regard)
? I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.
? 5. 打开国门,实行开放,我们认为这是绝对必要的。(宾从;consider)
? We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.
汉译英练习2
? 看起来要下雪了。(表从;seem)
? 他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他。(表从;Be)
? 我们已经得出这样的结论:实践是检验真理的标准。(同位语从句;conclusion)
6
? 关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。(同位语从句; rumor)
参考答案
? 1. 看起来要下雪了。(表从)
? It seems that it is going to snow.
? 2. 他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他。
? His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
? 3.我们已经得出这样的结论:实践是检验真理的标准。(同位语从句;conclusion)
? We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.
? 4. 关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。(同位语从句; rumor) ? The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.
7
百度搜索“爱华网”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在爱华网