爱华网Section A 内容详解
Language Goals：Talk about problems Give advice
语言目标：讨论问题 提建议
1a
Look at these problems. Are they serious or not? Write them in the appropriate box.看这些问题。严重还是不严重？把它们写在适当的方格里。
My parents want me to stay at home every night.
我父母要我每天晚上都待在家里。
My brother plays his CDs too loud．我哥哥的CD太吵了。
I don't have enough money．我没有足够的钱，
I argued with① my best friend．我跟我最好的朋友吵架了。
My clothes are out of style．我的衣服过时了。
1b
Listen and circle the problems you hear in activity 1a.
听，并在活动1a中圈出你听到的问题。
听力原文
Girl 1：You look unhappy. What's wrong? 你看起来不高兴，出什么事了？
Girl 2：Oh my clothes are out of style. I don't look cool.
嗯……我的衣服过时了，我的打扮不流行了。
Girl 1：Well， maybe you should buy some new clothes.
那，也许你该买些新衣服。
Girl 2：Yes， but I don't have enough money．是的，但我没有足够的钱。
Girl 1：Huh. Maybe you could get a part-time job in the evenings.
也许你可以在晚上找一份兼职工作。
Girl 2：I can't， because my parents want me to stay at home every night.
I argued with them about it．不行，因为我父母让我每天晚上都待在家里。我还同他们争吵这件事呢。
Girl 1：Well， you shouldn't argue with your parents．You should talk about your problems．你不应该和你父母争吵。你们应该谈谈这些问题。
Girl 2：And guess what else is wrong? 再想想还有其他的问题吗？
Girt 1：What? 什么呢？
Girl 2：My brother plays his CDs too loud! I can't go to sleep.
我哥哥的CD太吵了！我睡不了觉。
参考答案：
The following problems should be circled:
My parents want me to stay at home every right.
My brother plays his stereo too loud.
I don't have enough money.
My clothes are out of style.
1c
PAIRWORK 结对练习
Look at the problems in activity 1a and make conversations.
看活动1a里的问题并编对话。
A：What's wrong? 怎么了？
D：My clothes are out of style．我的衣服过时了。
A：Maybe② you should buy some new clothes．也许你应该买些新衣服。
2a
Listen. Nari's friend is giving him advice Circle the word“could”or“should”you hear.
听，纳里的朋友正在给他一些告诫。把你听到的单词“could”或“should”圈起来。
1．You could／should write him a letter.
你可以／应该给他写封信。
2．You could／should call him up.
你可以／应该给他打电话。
3．You Chould／should say you're sorry.
你可以／应该向他道歉。
4．You should／should go to his house.
你可以／应该到他家去。
5．You could／should give him a ticket to a ball game.
你可以／应该给他一张球赛的票。
听力原文
Boy 1：Hey， Nari， what's wrong? 你好纳里，怎么了？
Boy 2：I had an argument with my best friend. What should I do?
我和我的好朋友吵架了。我该怎么办啊？
Boy 1：Well， you could write him a letter．你可以给他写封信。
Boy 2：I don't think so. I don't like writing letters.
我认为不行。我不喜欢写信。
Boy 1：Maybe you should call him up．也许你应该给他打电话。
Boy 2：No， I don't want to talk about it on the phone.
不行，我不想在电话里谈这件事。
Boy 1：Well， you should say you're sorry．你该向他道歉。
Boy 2：Yes， I know I should， but it's not easy.
是的，我知道我该那样做，但那样做并不容易。
Boy 1：Maybe you could go to his house．也许你可以去他家。
Boy 2：I guess I could， but I don't want to surprise him.
我想我会的，可是我不想让他吃惊。
Boy 1：Hey，I know．You could give him a ticket to a ball game.
我知道了。你可以给他一张球赛票。
Boy 2：Well， that's a good idea， but I don't have enough money.
那是个好主意，但我没有足够的钱。
参考答案：
1．could 2．should 3．should 4．could 5．could
2b
Listen again．Why doesn't Nari like his friend's advice? lines to match the ice with the reasons.
再听一遍。为什么纳里不喜欢他朋友的建议，用线把建议和原因连起来。
Advice
建议
Reasons that Nari doesn't like the advice
纳里不喜欢建议的原因
1．You could write him a letter③.
你可以给他写信。
a．It's not easy.
那不容易。
2．Maybe you should call him up.④
也许你应该给他打电话。
b．I don't have enough money.
我没有足够的钱。
3．You should say you're sorry.
你应该道歉。
c．I don't want to surprise him.
我不想令他惊奇。
4．Maybe you could go to his house.
也许你可以去他家。
d．I don't like writing letters.
我不喜欢写信。
5．You could give him a ticket to a ball game．你可以给他一张球赛票。
e．I don't want to talk about⑤ it on the phone．⑥我不想在电话里谈这件事。
2c
GROUPWORK 小组活动
Role play the conversation between Peter and his friend.
分角色表演彼得和他的朋友之间的对话。
A：What's the matter， Peter? 彼得，你怎么了？
B：I?我……
Grammar Focus 语法重点
What should I do?
我该怎么办？
You could write him a letter.
你可以给他写封信。
What should he do?
他该怎么办？
Maybe he should say he's sorry.
也许他该道歉。
What should they do?
他们该怎么办？
They shouldn't argue.
他们不应该吵架。
3a
Read the conversation. What do you think of the advice? Next to each suggestion， write“good idea”，“okay idea”or“bad idea”.
读对话。你认为建议怎么样？在每个建议的旁边写上“好主意”“不错的意”或者“坏主意”。
Eve：I need to get some money to pay for⑦ summer camp. What should do?
我参加夏令营需要些钱。我该怎么办呢？
Anna：Well， you could get a part-time job．你可以找一份兼职工作。
Eve：I don't have time．我没时间。
Maria：I have an idea. You could borrow some money from⑧ your brother.
我有个主意。你可以向你哥哥借些钱。
Eve：No， he doesn't have any money， either⑨．不行，他也没有钱。
Denny：I think you should ask your parents for⑩ some money.
我想你应该向你父母要些钱。
Anna：Or you could sell your CDs.
不然，你可以卖掉你的光盘。
Eve：No， I don't think so. I love my CDs.
不，我认为不行。我喜爱我的光盘。
Denny：Maybe you could have a bake sale．也许你可以去卖烧烤。
Eve：No， I can't bake．不行，我不会。
Denny：Then maybe you should call“Teen Talk”，the radio advice program.
也许你可以打电话给《少年谈话》——一档电台解疑节目。
3b
PAIRWORK 结对练习
Student A， give advice about getting more money. Student B，say if the ideas are good， okay or bad．学生A，提出一些得到更多钱的方法，学生B说出这些主意是好、不错还是坏。
A：I need some money to buy gifts for my family．What should I do?
我需要些钱给我家人买礼物。我该怎么办呢？
B：I think you should borrow some money from your friends.
我认为你该向你朋友借些钱。
A：Oh， no. I don't like to do that．噢，不行。我不喜欢那样做。
B：Then I think you should get a part-time job.
那样的话，我想你该找份兼职工作。
A：That's a good idea．好主意。
4
PAIRWORK 结对练习
Jim， a Canadian boy， has come to live in China with his parents. He wants to Practice his Putonghua， but he is very shy， Make a list of things Jim could do.
吉姆，一个和他父母一起到中国居住的加拿大男孩。他想练习普通话，但是他很害羞。把吉姆能做的事情制成一份表。
A：Jim could join a club．吉姆可以参加一个俱乐部。
B：But he's very shy. Maybe that's not a good idea.
但是他很害羞。也许那不是个好主意。
A：Well， then， he could get a tutor to come to his home.
好吧，他可以请位家庭教师。
B：Yes， that's a good idea．是的，那是个好主意。
要 点 解 疑
①argue with 表示“与某人争吵”。with后面接名词或代词。接人称代词时，用人知名人称代词宾格。
例如：I don't want to argue with him．我不想和他吵架。
②maybe和may be都是“可能，也许”的意思，表示推测。maybe一般放在句首，引导句子。“may be”是由情态动词may加系动词原形be构成。其后所接词决定于be，可以是名词、形容词等。一般放在句中。
例如：Maybe he is John's father．也许他是约翰的父亲。
He maybe a student．也许他是名学生。
③write可跟双宾语．“write him a letter”“给他写信”，还可写做write a letter to him.
例如：I wrote a letter to Li Lei.＝I wrote Li Lei a letter.
我给李雷写了一封信。
④call up?表示“打电话给……”，可以与名词、代词连用。连用代词把代词放在call和up之间。
例如：Please call me up．请给我打电话。
Don't forget to call up your uncle．不要忘记给你叔叔打电话。
⑤talk about“谈论……”。指谈论的内容。
例如：Let's talk about the question．让我们谈论这个问题吧。
⑥on the phone“用／通过电话”
例如：I want to know the weather on the phone．我想通过电话查一下天气。
⑦pay for“为……付钱”，可扩展为：pay?for?为……付多少钱。
例如：You should pay 100 dollars for this sweater.
这件运动衣，你应付100美元。
⑧borrow?from?“向某人借某物”。指从别人处借来。
例如：I want to borrow a book from Tom．我想向汤姆借本书。
⑨either“也”，与too的用法类似。区别在于too用于肯定句。either用于否定句。
例如：He will go to Beijing， too．他也要去北京。
He can't play basketball， either．他也不会打篮球。
⑩ask for“索要；要求”，完整形式为ask sb. for sth．“向某人要某物”。
例如：Please ask him for the book．请向他要那本书。
SECTION A 解析与拓展
1.Keep out!不许进入!
▲keep v.保存；保留；保持
keep the seat for me，will you?替我保留这个座位，好吗?
【拓展】
Keep a diary记日记 keep pigs养猪
Keep quiet保持安静 keep silent别出声
keep hack阻止 keep up with…跟上…
Keep on（doing sth.）继续（做某事）；反复（做某事）
His watch keeps good time.他的手表走得准。
You can keep the book for two weeks.
这本书你可以保存（借）两个星期。
keep sb. doing sth.让某人老是保持某种状态
I’m sorry I kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。
2.My brother plays his CDs too loud，我哥哥把他的唱片声音开得太大。
▲play的用法
①唱片、音响、录音机等放音
Please play the tape again。请再放一遍磁带。
②演奏、弹奏、吹奏乐器
I can play the violin，too.我也会拉小提琴。
③玩、打、踢某一球类
play football踢足球 play bowling玩保龄球 play volleyball打排球
④游戏；玩笑
He said it in play.他开玩笑地说那件事。
⑤戏剧；剧本
TV play电视剧 go to the play去看戏
▲too adv.
①“太；过于”。修饰形容词或副词，放在形容词或副词的前面。
too quickly太快 too big太大
②“也”。通常位于句末，其前用逗号，其后用句号。
She is twelve，too.她也是12岁。
辨析：too much与much too
too much与much too都有“太……”的意思，形式也十分相似，其区别是too much后接不可数名词，意为“太多的……”much too后接形容词或副词，意为“太…”。如；
He eats too much food，So he is much too fat。
他吃的食物太多，因此他太胖了。
That jacket is much too dear.那件夹克衫大贵了。
3.I don’t have enough money.我没有足够的钱。
▲enough的用法
①修饰名词，放在它所修饰的词之前，意为“足够的；充足的”。
I have enough money for the book.我有足够的钱买那本书。
You have enough time to do it.
你有足够的时间来做这件事情。
②修饰形容词或副词，放在形容词或副词之后，意为“足够地；十分地”。
The clothes is dear enough.那件衣服十分贵。
Is this good enough?这个够好吗?
③enough to…足够……可以……
The girl is old enough to go to school.那女孩到了上学的年龄了。
The box is light enough for you to carry it.那盒子很轻，你可以搬动它。
4.I argued with my best friend。我与我最好的朋友争论。
▲argue v.争辩；争论；辩论
其过去式和过去分词是在词尾加－ed，argued现在分词去e加－ing，arguing；其同义词是quarrel。
●argue with／against sb about／on sth.与某人辩论某事
I often argue with my friends about the problem.
我经常和朋友辩论那个问题。
【拓展】
argue a matter out把事情辩个水落石出
argue sth away（off）找理由把某事辩解过去
arguer n.争辩者；辩论者
5.My clothes are out of style.我的衣服过时了。
▲style n.衣服等的式样
the style of 60s 60年代的式样
out of style过时的；落伍的
【拓展】
①out of work失业；下岗
The woman is out of work.那个妇女下岗了。
②out of danger脱离危险
The man has been out of danger.那人已脱离了危险。
③out of control失去控制
The machine was out of control.那机器失去了控制。
④Get out of the way!滚开!
⑤out of…在……外面；从……里出来
He came out of a room.他从一个房间里走出来。
Don’t look out of the window.不要向窗外看。
6.What’s wrong?怎么了?
▲What’s wrong是用来询问别人发生了什么事情最常用的句型之一。
【拓展】
What’s wrong with you?你怎么啦（出了什么事了）?
【注】
①表示……怎么啦（出什么毛病了）？还可用
What’s the matter （with…）?
What’s the trouble （with…）?
②Something is wrong with…
＝There is something wrong with………出毛病了
③do wrong做错事；做坏事
You’ve done wrong，but I can see you are truly sorry about it.
你做错了，不过我能看得出你对这件事真的感到抱歉。
④反义词是right，同义词是mistaken。
7.Maybe you should buy some new clothes.也许你应当买一些新衣服了。
▲maybe adv.相当于perhaps，作“也许；可能”讲。maybe是一个单词，不可写为两个单词。maybe通常位于句首，在句中作状语。may be是情态动词＋动词be构成的，作谓语意思是“也许是；可能是”。试比较：
Maybe／Perhaps you put it there.也许你把它放在那里了。
It may be a hat.＝Maybe it is a hat.它也许是顶帽子。
▲should情态动词，表示责任、义务或理所当然，意思是“应当；应该”，后跟动词原形。它也是shall的过去式。
We should come to school on time.我们应当按时到学校。
You should obey the rules of your school.
你们应当遵守学校的规章。
8.You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信。
▲write sb.a letter＝write a letter to sb.给某人写一封信
I’m writing a letter to my friend.
＝I’m writing my friend a letter.
我在给我朋友写一封信。
【注】“写给某人”英语是write to sb…，其对应词组是
get（receive） a letter from sb… 收到某人的来信。
I write to my pen－friend once a month.
我一个月给我的笔友写一封信。
Did you get（receive） a letter from your father?
你收到你父亲的来信了吗?
9.Maybe you should call him up.也许你应当给他打电话。
▲call sb. up＝ring sb. up给某人打电话
【注】call sb.也是给某人打电话的意思。
Please call（ring）me up when you get there.
你到那里时请给我打电话。
Who called you just now?刚才谁给你打电话了?
10.You could give him a ticket to a ball game.
你可以给他一张球赛的票。
▲give sb. sth.把某物给某人（给某人某物）也可说成give sth. to sb.如：
Please give an apple to your sister.
＝Please give your sister an apple.
请给你妹妹1个苹果。
[注]当sb.，sth.都是代词时，只用give sth. to sb.形式，而不能用give sb. sth.形式。如：give it to him不能用give him it形式。
11.I don’t want to surprise him.我不想使他吃惊。
▲surprise v.使惊奇；使诧异；使感到意外。它的过去式和过去分词是surprised；它的形容词形式是surprising。surprise还可用作名词，意思是“惊奇；诧异”。
You surprise me!你吓了我一跳!
What a surprise to see you here!在这里见到你真是意外!
【拓展】
①be surprised感到吃惊（惊奇）
We are very surprised at the news.听到这个消息，我们非常吃惊。
②in surprise惊奇地
Rose looked at her mother in surprise.罗斯惊奇地看着她母亲。
③to one’s surprise使某人吃惊（惊奇）的是
To my surprise the door was unlocked.使我吃惊的是门没有锁。
④take…by surprise使感到意外
His answer took us by surprise.他的回答使我们吃惊。
12.I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.
我需要得到一些钱来为夏令营付款。
▲need v.需要
辨析：need to do与need doing
need to和need doing都表示“需要做某事”，两者在用法上的不同在于当主
语是人时，通常用need to do；当主语是物时用need doing。如：
They need to rest for a while.他们需要休息一会儿。
Our classroom needs cleaning now.我们的教室现在需要打扫了。
【注】need doing也可用need to be done（不定式的被动式）来表示。
My watch needs to be repaired.我的手表需要修了。
need还可用作情态动词，这时无时态和人称的变化，通常用于否定句和疑问句中，其后跟动词原形。如：
Need I go?我需要去吗？
You needn’t go there.你不需要去那里。
needn’t可以用not have to来替换，但在回答must引起的一般疑问句时，其否定回答只能用needn’t。在过去时和将来时的句子中，只用have to，不用need。如：
—Must I go home mow?现在我必须回家吗？
—No，you needn’t.不，不需要。
He had to give up smoking.他不得不戒烟了。
You won’t have to come here next wee.下周你不必来这里。
▲pay for为……付款，付钱
【拓展】
①pay用作动词，意思是“付款；给……报酬”。
How much did you pay for that book?你买那本书花了多少钱?
pay a bill付账
pay the barber付理发费
②pay用作名词，意思是“工资；薪水”。
I get my pay every Friday.我在每周五领薪水。
③pay a visit to sb.＝pay sb.a visit拜访某人
I paid a visit to my teacher last week.上周我拜访了我的老师。
13.I have an idea. You could borrow some money from your brother
我有一个主意，你可以向你哥哥借一些钱。
▲borrow v.认借；借用
May I borrow your pen?我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗?
borrow money from a friend向朋友借钱
辨析：borrow与lend
borrow是指向别人借东西，即“借入”；lend是指把东西借给别人，即“借出”。
borrow常用的句型是borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物；lend常用的句型
是lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人。如：
I borrow books from the library every month.
我每个月都从图书馆借书。
Do you often lend storybooks to him?
你常借给他故事书吗?
【注】lend sth.to sb.也可用lend sb.sth.来表示。如：
Can you lend your bike to me？＝Can you lend me your bike?
你能把自行车借给我用一下吗？
▲idea n.主意；念头
That’s a good idea.这是个好主意。
He has a good idea.他有个好主意。
[注]
①I have no idea.＝I don’t know.如：
I have mo idea when we will have sports meet.
我不知道我们什么时间开运动会。
②在口语中，What’s your idea？你有什么主意？你的意见如何？多用来征求别人的意见、看法等。如：
What’s your idea about this plan?你对这次计划有何意见？
③赞成他人意见时，可用That’s a good idea.或Good idea！好主意（好办法）！
14.No，he doesn’t have any money，either.没有，他也没有钱。
▲either adv.用在否定句中，表示“也”，其同义词是too和also。
You haven’t read that book，I haven’t，either。
你没看过那本书，我也没有。
辨析：either，too与also
either，too，also这几个词在句中作副词用时，都作“也”讲，但用法却不相同。
①either只能用于否定句，并且要置于句末，其前通常用逗号，其后用句号。如：
My mother hasn’t been to Beijing. My father hasn’t been there，eithert.
我母亲没去过北京，我父亲也没有去过那里。
②too一般只用于肯定句，通常置于句末，有时亦可插入句子中间，在中间时，前后都用逗号。如：
That woman is a teacher，too.那女人也是个老师。
I，too，have been to London.我也去过伦敦。
③also在用法上比较正式，一般只用于肯定句，在句中的位置应是靠近动词而不放在句子末尾。如：
We also play football，我们也踢足球。
【注】too还可作“太”讲，此时只用于它所修饰的形容词副词之前。
The trousers are too long for me.那条裤子我穿太长了。
15.I think you should ask your parents for some money.
我想你应当向你的父母要一些钱。
▲ask for…索要；要求；要求得到
He asked for time to think all this over，他要求给他时间把这一切好好想想。
She asked him for advice.她向他请教。
16.I don’t think so.我想不是这样。
▲在口语中，I think so.（我想是这样。）和I don’t think so.（我认为不是这样。）用于表示稍有保留的同意和不同意的常用说法，此外还有：Don’t you think so?
（你认为不是如此吗?）常用来做试探性询问。
17.Maybe you could have a bake sale.也许你可以卖烤制食品。
▲have a bake sale=bake sale出售烘烤食品
【拓展】
have a rest=rest休息
Let’s have a rest.咱们休息休息吧。
have a look at＝look at…看……
May I have a look at your watch?我可以看一下你的手表吗?
【注】have a bade sale，have a rest，have a look at等常用于口语中。
18.I need some money to buy gifts for my family.我需要一些钱为我的家人买礼物。
▲buy sth.for sb.给某人买东西
也可以说成buy sb.sth.如：
My friend bought a new pen for me.＝My friend bought me a new pen.
我朋友给我买了一枝新钢笔。
▲gift n.礼物；礼品
These things would make nice Christmas gifts.
这些东西很适合作圣诞节的礼物。
辨析：gift与present
gift和present都作“礼物”讲，一般可通用。如：
This was given to me as a birthday gift （present）.这是人家送给我的生日礼物。
其区别是：
①gift带有一定的感情色彩，通常指昂贵的“礼物”，强调送礼人的诚意，有时有“捐赠”之意，多用于正式场合。如下句用gift比present好：This album of paintings is a gift from Beijing University.这画集是北京大学捐赠的。
present指为表达情谊、敬意或出于礼节，在某特定时刻或场合赠送的“礼物”，此礼物（通常是物品）价值不一定很高。该词较gift口语化。
②make sb.a present of是口语化的固定说法，不宜用gift替换。如：
I’ll make you a present of the book since you like it so much.
既然你这么喜欢这本书，我就把它作为礼物送给你吧。
19.Jim could join a club.吉姆可以加入一个俱乐部。
▲join v.加入；参加 join the party入党
join the league入团 join the army参军
[拓展]
①连接；结合；相连
join one thing to another将一物与另一物连接起来
Where do the two rivers join each other?这两条河在何处汇合?
②join sb.in sth.／in doing sth.与……一起（做某事）
Will you join me in a walk?你愿意和我一起去散步吗?
③join…to…把……和……连接起来
The new railway has joined this city to that one.
这条新铁路把这个城市与那个城市连接起来。
20.He could get a tutor to come to his home.
他可以找一个家庭教师到他家来。
▲get a tutor请家教
[拓展]
get a letter收到一封信 get off下车
get a new coat买一件新大衣 get home到家
get a good harvest获得大丰收 get to…到达某地
get me a cup of tea给我拿杯茶 get angry with生某人的气
get on上车 get ready准备好
get married结婚
Section B 内容详解
1a
When you choose clothes. what is important to you? Next to each statement write NI （for not important）．I （for important） or VI （for very important）.
你选衣服时，什么对你来说是重要的？在每项说明旁边写上：NI（表示不重要），I（表示重要）或者VI（表示非常重要）。
1．They are original．它们样式新颖。
2．They are comfortable．它们穿起来舒适。
3．They are the same as① my friends' clothes.
它们与我朋友们衣服的样式一样。
4．They are in style．它们很时尚。
5．They are inexpensive．它们不太贵。
6．They are colorful．它们颜色丰富。
1b
PAIRWORK 结对练习
Tell your partner the answers．告诉你同伴你的答案。
2a
Listen. Erin is calling“Teen Talk”， a radio advice program， to get advice about a problem. check（√）Erin's problem.
听。艾金正在给《青少年谈话》节目打电话。这是一档电台解疑节目，是给遇到麻烦的人提供解决建议的。用（√）划出艾金的麻烦。
My friend has nicer clothes than I do.
我朋友的衣服比我的漂亮。
My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do．
我朋友跟我穿一样的衣服，留一样的发型。
I don't like my friend's clothes and haircut．我不喜欢我朋友的衣服和发型。
听力原文
Host：Hi Erin. Thanks for calling Teen Talk 109.1 FM. What's the problem?
你好，艾金，欢迎你参与FM 109.1兆赫的《青少年谈话》节目，你有什么麻烦？
Erin：Well， see， I always wear fashionable clothes， and I have a really neat haircut.
嗯，是这样的，我总是穿时尚的衣服，留整洁的发型。
Host：Yes? 怎么了？
Erin：It's my friend， Jasmine. She buys the same clothes as I do， and she even gets the same haircut. She copies everything I do. I want to be original. I want to have my own clothes and my own haircut.
是我的朋友詹斯曼。她买跟我一样的衣服，甚至还留跟我一样的发型。她所有的一切都跟我一样。我想要时尚。我想穿属于自己的服。留属于自己的发型。
Host：Let's see if a listener has some advice for you. Kim is calling. Hello， Kim．我们看一下是否有听众给你提供了解决建议。凯姆正打进来。你好，凯姆。
Kim：Hello．你好。
Host：What advice do you have for Erin? 你有什么建议给艾金呢？
Kim：I think she should tell her friend to get different clothes and a different haircut．我认为她应该告诉她的朋友换一种不同的服装和发型。
Host：Thank you for your advice， Kim. OK， we have another one on the line. Nicole is calling.
谢谢你的建议，凯姆。好的。又有听众打进来了。是尼科尔。
Nicole：Hi. I think Erin should be happy that her friend likes her clothes and haircut. I don't think Erin has a problem! 嗨。我认为艾金应该因为
她的朋友喜欢她的装束与发型而感到高兴。我认为她并没有麻烦。
Host：That's an interesting opinion. Thank you， Nicole. OK， we have time for one more person. Emilio is on the line.
那是个有趣的观点。谢谢你，尼科尔。好的。我们给下一位听众留些时间，埃米里奥正在等候。
Emilio：Well， um， I think that Erin should find a new best friend. No one wants a friend who isn't original! 嗯，我认为艾金应该找一位新朋友，没有人想交一个没有个性的朋友！
参考答案：
My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.
2b
Listen again. What advice do the people give Erin? Fill in the chart.
要听一遍。打进电话的人给艾金提了什么建议，填表。
参考答案：
Kim：Tell your friend to get different clothes and a different haircut.
Nicole：Be happy that your friend likes your clothes and haircut.
Emilio：Find a new best friend.
2c
PAIRWORK 结对练习
What's your advice for Erin? Tell your partner and say why.
对艾金你有什么建议？告诉你同伴并说出为什么。
A：I think Erin should tell her friend to② get different clothes.
我认为艾金应该告诉她朋友穿跟她不同的衣服。
B：Why? 为什么？
A：Because friends shouldn't wear the same clothes.
因为朋友们不应该穿相同的服饰。
3a
Read this letter to a newspaper advice column. Underline the problem.
读这封写给报社意见栏的信。在问题下划线。
Dear Mary，
I have a problem，and I need your help. I always thought I was popular at school. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend， and they didn't invite me. Everyone else in my class was invited except me， and I don't know why。I can't think what I did wrong. I'm very upset and don't know what to do. What do you think? Can you help me?
Yours，
Lonely Kids
亲爱的玛丽：
我有个麻烦，需要你的帮助。我总以为在学校我是受欢迎的。但是我发现我的朋友们在为我的一位好朋友筹划生日晚会而他们没有邀请我。除了我以外，班里的每个人都被邀请了，我不知道这是为什么。我想不出来我做错了什么。我非常苦恼，不知道该怎么办。你怎样想呢？能帮助我吗？
你的
孤独的孩子
参考答案：
My friends are planning a birthday party for my best friend and they didn't invite me.
3b
Think of some advice for“Lonely Kids”. Fill in the blanks in Mary's letter.
为“孤独的孩子”想些建议。在玛丽的信里填空。
Dear Lonely Kids，
孤独的孩子，你好：
There are a lot of things you could do. You could________. Or may be you should__________
你有许多事情可以做。你可以________或许你应该__________
Good luck!
祝你好运！
3c
Write your own letter to an advice column. Your problem can be real or imaginary. Read your letter to the class and ask for advice.
自己写一封信给建议专栏。你的麻烦可以是真实的也可以是假设的。读的信给同学们听并寻求建议。
4
GROUPWORK 小组活动
Choose one of the problems below and ask your classmates for advice. Decide which classmate has the best advice.
从下面的麻烦中选一个，向你的同学们寻求建议。决定哪个同学的建议是最好的。
Problems麻烦
You left your homework at home．你把作业落在家里了。
Your best friend is more popular than you．你的好朋友比你更受欢迎。
You lost your sports clothes．你把运动衣给丢了。
You don't know where your ID card is．你不知道身份证放哪了。
You don't want to have P.E. classes．你不想上体育课。
Your parents always argue．你父母总是吵架。
A：My best friend is more popular than me. I want to be like him. What should I do? 我的好朋友比我受欢迎。我想象他一样。我该怎么办?
B：You could be friendlier．你可以再友善点儿。
C：You should try to be funny．你应该尽力幽默些。
要 点 解 疑
①the same as“与……相同”，注意as后接名词、代词。
例如：My hair is the same as yours．我的发型跟你的发型一样。
②tell sb. to do sth．“告诉某人做某事”
例如：Please tell Ann to come here．请告诉安到这来。
③else“另外”，其修饰不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，else必须放在这些不定代词的后面。
例如：We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?
我们还需要一个助手。你能再给我们找一个吗？
④except除……之外，但……，不包括在内。
例如：Nobody was late except me．除我以外无人迟到。
He gets up early everyday except Sunday．除星期日外他每天早起。
⑤what to do“做什么？”由“特殊疑问词”＋to do构成
例如：How to do? What to study? 怎么做？学什么？
SECTION B 解析及拓展
1.They are original.它们很新颖。
▲original的用法
●adj.无比较级，通常用来做定语，意为“新颖的；独创的；原始的；最早的”。
original ideas新思想
He is an original composer.他是个富有独创力的作曲家。
an original edition原版 the original plan原计划
●n.原作；原著
This isn’t the original，it’s only a copy.这不是原作，只是件复制品。
2.They are the same as my friends’ clothes.它们与我朋友的衣服相同。
▲the same as与……相同；和……一样
He was the same age as you.他和你年龄大约一样。
I’m of the same mind as you are about it.关于这事我和你想法相同。
▲名词复数所有格
●名词在词尾加s或es构成的复数的所有格，s后只加“‘”。如：
my friends’ clothes我朋友的衣服
the students’ answer学生的回答
●不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“‘s”构成所有格。如：
Children’s Day儿童节
a wolf in sheep’s skin披着羊皮的狼
3.They are inexpensive.它们不贵。
▲inexpensive adj.花钱不多的；不昂贵的
同义词cheap便宜的；不贵的
反义词expensive昂贵的；高价的；花钱多的
My clothes are cheap and his clothes are expensive.
我的衣服便宜，他的衣服贵。
4.They are colorful.它们色彩艳丽。
▲colorful adj.色彩艳丽的
其名词形式是color颜色
【注】
英语中一些名词加后缀ful构成形容词，表示具有某种性质。如：
help→helpful（有帮助的）
care→careful（仔细的；小心的）
thank→thankful（感激的）
use→useful（有用的）
②color也可写作colour，color美国英语的写法，colour英国英语的写法。
5.My friend has nicer clothes than I do.我朋友有比我更好的衣服。
▲nicer是nice的比较级。
以e结尾的形容词在词尾加r构成比较级。如：
large→larger wide→wider
▲than I do中的do是代动词，在该句中代替has nice clothes
英语中，为避免动词在同一句子中重复出现，常用do来代替前面的动词。do的这种用法称为代动词。如：
She studies harder than I do.她学习比我努力。
6.My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.
我朋友穿着与我一样的衣服，留着同样的发式。
▲as I do意思是“和我的一样”。
as conj.像……一样
The boy took the chair into the room as his father did.
那男孩像他爸爸一样把椅子搬进了房间。
辨析：like与as
like和as都有“像……一样”的意思。它们的区别是：
①1ike表示相似关系，但不等同 ；as指两者完全或几乎相同。如：
Look，I have wings just like you.看，我和你一样有翅膀。
He works as a servant.他以一名仆人的身份工作着。
②as后接从句或省略的从句，但like后只接名词或代词。如：
I have the same idea as you have.我和你有相同的主意。
I have a new coat like yours.我有件和你一样的大衣。
③like常与系动词或代词搭配，如：look like，belike，like this，like that，like it。
as常与动词搭配，如：work as…treat…as…
7.But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend，and they didn’t invite me。可是我刚刚发现我的朋友们正在策划给我最好的朋友举行生日聚会，他们没有邀请我。
▲just adv.
①刚才；刚刚；方才
They have just left here.他们刚刚离开这儿。
②仅仅；只是
Don’t scold him. He is just a child.别责备地，他仅仅是个孩子。
③后接名词、名词短语或句子。意为“正好；恰好”。
It was just four o’clock when we got home.我们到家时刚好4点钟。
That’s just what I was going to say.那恰好是我正要说的。
④用于日常用语，尤其用于祈使句。
Just think!想想看!
Just（wait for）a moment，please.请稍等片刻。
⑤just now刚才；不久以前
You saw our teacher just now.你刚才看到我们老师了。
⑥just then正（就）在那时
Just then he came out of the room.就在那时他从房间里走了出来。
▲find out找出；发现；查出（真相等）
They have found out the truth.他们已经查明了真相。
Please find out how to do it.请弄清楚怎么做这件事。
Please find out where they live.请打听一下他们住在哪儿。
▲invite v.邀请
【拓展】
①invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人干某事。
She invited him to sing.她请他唱歌。
②invite＋名（或代）＋副词
He didn’t invite me in.他没有请我入内。
③invite＋名词（或代词）＋介词短语
I invited him to the party.我邀请他参加聚会。
8.Everyone else in my class was invited except me，and I don’t know why.I can’t think what I did wrong.
除了我以外我班其他人都受到了邀请，我不知道为什么。我想不出我做错了什么。
▲else adj.别的；其他的。用在不定代词something，anything，nothing及由some，any构成的不定代词和疑问词的后面。
Do you want anything else?你还想要别的东西吗?
I want nothing else.我其他什么也不想要了。
What else did you say?你说了别的什么事情?
Where else did you go?你还到哪儿去了?
▲was invited是一般过去时态的被动语态形式。
一般过去时态的被动语态结构为：was（were）＋动词过去分词。
was invited意为“被邀请”。
▲except prep.除……之外
We all went except Tom.除汤姆之外我们都去了。
I looked everywhere except there.除了那儿，我到处都看过了。
辨析：except与besides
except和besides都有“除……之外’’的意思，except意思是“除了……都”；be－sides强调“除了……之外还有……”
We go there every day except Sunday.除星期天外，我们每天都去那里。
Beside English he did well in Chinese and math.
除了英语外，他语文、数学成绩也很好。
▲what I did wrong是一个宾语从句，此处用了陈述句语序。疑问句语序是What did I do wrong。
【注】在宾语从句中，如果从句是疑问句，那么要用陈述句语序。请注意下列句子的语序 ：
9.You left your homework at home.你把作业忘在家里了。
▲leave的用法
【拓展】
①遗忘；丢下
She left the umbrella in the train。她把雨伞忘在火车上了。
②离开
Soon my father lost his job and I had to leave school again.
不久我父亲下岗了，我不得不辍学。
③留下；剩下
There are ten minutes left.还剩下10分钟。
Would you like to leave a message for him?你要不要给他留个话?
④使……处于某种状态
She used to leave the door open while sleeping.
她睡觉时，常常开着门。
⑤leave for…动身去某地
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我明天要动身去北京。
⑥leave one by oneself把某人单独留下
I can’t leave the baby by herself.我不能把小孩单独留下。
【注】说“把某物忘在某地了”要用leave，不能用forget。如：
I left my key at home.我把钥匙忘在家里了。
10.Your best friend is more popular than you.你最好的朋友比你受欢迎。
▲more popular是popular的比较级形式。
●形容词比较级和最高级的构成
①单音节和部分双音节词在词尾加er构成比较级，加est.构成最高级。
tall→taller→tallest
long→longer→longest
young→younger→youngest
small→smaller→smallest
②以e结尾的形容词，只在词尾加－r或－st。
nice→nicer→nicest
fine→finer→finest
③重读闭音节结尾的单词，应双写后面的辅音字母再加－er或－est。
big→bigger→biggest
④以辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，先把y变为i再加－er或－est。
easy→easier→easiest
happy→happier→happiest
⑤多音节词和部分双音节词的比较级在单词前加more构成比较级，加the most构成最高级。
beautiful→more beautiful→the most beautiful
popular→more popular→the most popular
interesting→more interesting→the most interesting
⑥某些形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化的。
good／well→better→best
ill／bad／badly→worse→worst
many／much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther／further→farthest／furthest
11.You lost your sports clothes.你丢了你的运动服。
▲sport n.“运动”。用作定语时常用复数形式。如：
sports meet运动会 sports field运动场
sports shoes运动鞋 sports jacket运动衫
sports center运动中心
12.You don’t know where your ID card is.你不知道你的身份证在哪里。
▲ID card身份证
ID card也可直接用ID来表示，ID的复数形式是IDs。
▲Where your ID card is是一个宾语从句，该疑问句用了陈述语序。宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。试比较：
Where is your ID card?你的身份证在哪里?
I don’t know where your ID card is.我不知道你的身份证在哪里。
13.My best friend is more popular than me.I want to be like him. What should I do?
我最好的朋友比我受欢迎，我想要和他一样，我应当做什么?
▲like在该句中是介词，意为“像；和……一样”。如：
She is like her mother.她像她的母亲。
●like用作动词，意思是“喜欢”。如：
Do You like English?你喜欢英语吗?
SELF CHECK 内容详解
1
Fill in the blanks with the words given. Then make your own sentences with the words．用所给的单词填空。然后用单词造句。
talk谈话 find out①找出 call up给某人打电话
argue争吵 say说
1．Let's________ Joe and invite him to play tennis.
我们给乔打个电话吧，邀请他去打网球。
2．You should ________ about your problems with your parents.
你应该和你的父母谈论你的问题。
3．My friend is angry with② me. What should I________ to him?
我的朋友生我的气了。我该怎么跟她说？
4．I don't want to________ Let's forget it.
我不想吵架。忘了它吧。
5．I thought I failed my test but I just________ I passed!
我原以为我考试会不及格，但我发现我通过了！
参考答案：
1．call up 2．talk 3．say 4．argue 5．found out
2
Read the letter to Aunt Chen's advice column and then write some advice.
读下面这封写给陈阿姨的建议信，然后写些建议。
Dear Aunt，
My cousin is the same age as me．She's really nice， and we get on③ well，but she always borrows my things. Last week， she borrowed my math book and didn't return it. Then I couldn't do my homework. I don't want to have a fight with④ my cousin，because she's my best friend. I don't know what to do. Could you please give me some advice?
Yours，
Looking For Help
亲爱的阿姨：
我的堂姐跟我同岁。她长得真的很好看，我们相处得很好。但是她总是借我的东西。上星期她借了我的数学书没有还给我。我不能做作业了。我不想跟我的堂姐打架，因为她是我最好的朋友。我不知道该怎么办。你能给我一些建议吗？
你的
寻求帮助的人
Dear Looking For Help，
亲爱的正在寻求帮助的人：
There are lots of⑤ things you can do. First， __________
有很多事情你可以做。首先……
要 点 解 疑
①find out找出，发现，与find意思类似
例如：I find（out）it's difficult to be quiet．我发现保持安静是困难的。
② be angry with 对……生气，注意be动词及介词with。
例如：Jim is angry with me．吉姆生我气了。
③get on相处；get on well相处融洽：get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽
例如：Yang Lan and I get on well．杨兰和我相处融洽。
I get on well with Yang Lan．我和杨兰相处融洽。
④have a fight with与……打架。
例如：Li Lei had a fight with his classmate， yesterday.
昨天李雷和他的同学打架了。
⑤lots of“许多，大量”，可以修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。与a lot of可相互替换。
例如：I have a lot of books. ＝I have lots of books．我有许多本书。
I have lots of water everyday．＝I have a lot of water everyday.
每天我都喝许多水。
SELF CHECK 解析及拓展
1.My cousin is the same age as me. She’s really nice，and we get on well，but she always borrows my things.我的表妹和我年龄一样大，她确实很好，我们相处得很好，可她总是借我的东西。
▲the same as与……相同
His clothes are the same as mine.他的衣服和我的一模一样。
【拓展】
①the same同一的；同样的
We came on the same day.我们同一天来的。
Men and women should get the same pay for doing the same jobs.
男女应同工同酬。
②a1l the same尽管如此；仍然
Thank you all the same.尽管如此，还是要谢谢你。
③just the same=all the same完全一样
▲get on well相处得好
get on well with…与……相处融洽
We get on well with each other.我们相处得很融洽。
How do you get on with your new classmates?你和你的新同学相处得怎么样?
2.Last week she borrowed my math book and didn’t return it. Then I couldn’t do my homework. I don’t want to have a fight with my cousin，because she’s my best friend.
上周她借了我的数学书没有归还，然后我没法做作业。我不想和我的表妹打架，因为她是我最好的朋友。
▲have a fight with sb.＝fight with sb.和某人打架
We can’t have a fight with each other at school.在学校我们不能相互打架。
[注]①fight with也可能和fight against代替。如：
Have you been fighting with（against）your brother again?
你又和你兄弟打架了吗？
②fight against后接表示事物的名词，意为“为反对……而斗争”，后接人和国家名，意思是“与……战斗”。
They fought against the enemy.他们和敌人战斗。
③fight for后一般接抽象名词，意思为是为事业、自由、真理、权利等而斗争（战斗）。
They are fighting for freedom.他们正为自由而斗争。
3.I don’t know what to do. Could you please give me some advice?
我不知道该做什么，请给我提些建议好吗?
▲give someone some advice给某人提建议
The teacher gave me some advice on how to learn English well.
老师在如何学好英语方面给我提了些建议。
【注】advice是不可数名词，表示“一条建议”是a piece of advice，而不能说成an advice。
4.You should tell him to get different clothes.你应当告诉他买不同的衣服。
I did，but he won’t listen to me!我告诉他了，但是他不愿听我的!
▲I did中的did是代动词，代替动词tell。
●动词do在句中可用作代动词，代替前面出现过的动词避免重复。如：
—Who cleaned the window?谁擦的窗子?
—Li Ming did.李明擦的。
He works harder than you do.（代替work）他工作比你努力。
5.Then she has to take her daughter to piano lessons.
然后她得带她女儿去上钢琴课。
▲has to…必须；不得不；得。其后跟动词原形。
has to是第三人称单数形式，其他情况是have to。
They have to study hard.他们必须努力学习。
6.The tired children don’t get home until 7p.m…疲劳的孩子们下午7点钟才到家。
▲not…until直到……才……
He doesn’t go to bed until 11：00 every night.
每天夜里他11点才睡觉。
I won’t believe until I see it by my own eyes.
直到我亲眼看见我才相信。
【注】until可以作介词，也可以作连词，用来引导时间状语或时间状语从句，即其后既可以是表示时间的名词，也可以是一个句子。
I didn’t know it until yesterday。直到昨天我才知道这件事。
He didn’t go home until he finished his work.
他直到完成工作才回家。
▲pm“下午”，是拉丁语post meridiem的缩写形式，也可写作p.m.或PM，P.M.
“上午”是am或a.m.，AM，A.M.。
7.The Taylors are like many American and British parents。
泰勒夫妇像许多美国和英国的父母一样。
▲The Hagners哈纳夫妇，哈纳一家人。
姓的复数前加定冠词the，表示××一家人或夫妇二人。
The Smiths are having dinner.史密斯一家正在吃饭。
What are the Whites doing？怀特夫妇在于什么?
8.Doctors say many children are having too much pressure. Teachers complain about teaching exhaustion kids in the classroom.
医生说许多儿童有太多的压力，老师抱怨在教室教精疲力竭的孩子们。
▲doctors，teachers，kids.这里名词的复数形式表示某类人或事，而不表示数量。
Animals are our good friends动物是我们的好朋友。
I like reading books.我喜欢看书。
9.Most children take part in after-school clubs. Activities include sports，language learn-ing，music and math classes。
大多数孩子参加课外活动俱乐部。活动包括运动、语言学习、音乐和数学课。
▲most sdj.大多数。其前不用冠词the。
He has visited most countries in Europe.
他访问过欧洲大多数国家。
【注】
①most是many，much的最高级形式，意思是“最多；最大”。如：
Who has the most energy？谁最有力量？
②most用于多音节形容词之前构成最高级。如：
the most important最重要的
the most interesting最有趣的
10.Parents See other children doing a lot of things，and they feel their own children should do the same.父母看见其他的儿童在做许多事情，他们感到他们自己的孩子也应做同样的事情。
▲see sb. doing sth.看见某人在干某事
I saw the students playing basketball on the playground.
我看到那些学生正在操场上打篮球。
【注】see sb. dong强调看见某人正在干某事；see sb. do表示“看见某人干了某事”，强调干完了或干过。如：
I saw a man run into the house。我看见一个人跑进宅子里去了。
I saw the mail running on the street.我看见那人正在街上跑步。
11.Miller，a mother of three in London，knows all about such pressure.“In some places，competition starts from a very young age，”she says.
米勒，伦敦的一个3个孩子的母亲对这样的压力全都了解。“我知道在一些地方孩子从非常小的年龄就开始竞争了。”她说。
▲know about…了解；知道……的情况
I happened to know about him.碰巧我了解他的情况。
●know from…分辨；区分
He doesn’t know a lion from a tiger.他分不清狮子和老虎。
12.She also says that these children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older.她也说这些孩子可能当他们长大后独立思考是困难的。
▲find it hard to think for themselves中的it是先行词，在句中作形式宾语，其真正宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：
I find it difficult to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很难。
They found it hard to walk there.
他们发现步行去那里很困难。
▲themselves反身代词，他们自己
单数
复数
myself 我自己
yourself 你 自己
ourselves 我们自己
himself 他自己
yourselves 你们自己
herself 她自己
themselves 他们自己
itself 它自己
Reading Maybe you should learn to relax!·内容详解
Section 1 Before You Read 课文1读前预测
1a
What after-school activities can you think of? Complete the boxes.
你能想到什么样的课外活动？完成表格。
1b
Look up these words in a dictionary．Cheek（√）each one When you understand.
在黄里查一查这些单词。把你理解的每个单词打上（√）
football足球
compare对比；比较
complain抱怨
pushy爱出风头的
pressure压力
organized有组织的
freedom自由
Section 2 While You Read 课文2进入阅读
Reading strategy：阅读策略：
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary．
如果你使用一本学习者使用的词典，你将学会较好地使用生词。
A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want．一本双语词典有时对于你想要的情景来说会给出错误的意思。
Maybe you should learn to relax!
Life for Cathy Taylor's three children is very busy. Their school days are busy enough. After school， though， Cathy takes the two boys from football to basketball. Then she has to take her daughter to piano lessons. The tired children don't get home until 7pm. They have a quick supper， and it's time for homework.
The Taylors are like many American and British parents. They take their children from activity to activity， and try to fit as much as possible into their kids' lives. Doctors say many children are under too much pressure. Teachers complain about teaching tired kids in the classroom.
或许你应该学会放松！
对卡西·泰勒的3个孩子来说，生活是非常忙碌的。在学校他们已经够忙碌的了。可是，放学后，卡西仍然要带两个男孩去踢足球打篮球。然后她必须送她的女儿去上钢琴课。疲倦的孩子们直到晚上7点才回家。匆匆忙忙地吃完晚饭，便到了做家庭作业的时候了。
泰勒妇夫看起来像很多美国和英国的父母一样。他们带他们的孩子从一项活动到另一项活动，并且尽最大可能地适合孩子们的生活。医生说很多孩子的压力太大。在教室里老师因为教疲倦的孩子而抱怨。
Most children take part in after-school clubs. Activities include sports， language learning， music， and math classes. Pushy parents are nothing new， but now parents seem to push their children a lot more. Parents see other children doing a lot of things， and they feel their own children should do the same.
Linda Miller， a mother of three in London， knows all about such pressure. “In some families， competition starts from a very young age，”she says.“Mothers send their kids to all kinds of classes when they are very young. And they are always comparing them with other children. It's crazy. People shouldn't push their kids so hard.”
Dr Alice Green agrees. She also says that these children may find it hard to think for themselve when they are older.“Parents are trying to plan their kids' lives for them. When these kids are adults， they might find it difficult to plan things for themselves.”Parents should learn to give their kids a bit more time to themselves. On the one hand， children need organized activities. On the other hand， they also need time and freedom to relax. And they need time to do things by themselves.
大多数孩子都参加课后俱乐部。活动包括运动、学习语言、音乐和数学课。爱出风头的父母已经不稀罕，现在，父母好像给孩子增加的压力更大了。父母看见其他孩子做许多事情，他们感到他们自己的孩子也应该做相同的事。
伦敦一位有3个孩子的母亲琳达·米勒完全了解这样的压力。“在一些家庭，竞争从非常小的年龄就开始了”，她说。“当孩子们还很小的时候，母亲们就送他们去参加各种各样的学习班。并且她们总是拿自己的孩子与其他孩子比较。真是发疯了。人们不应该加此严重地压他们的孩子”。
艾丽斯·格林医生同意她的看法。她还说这些孩子长大后可能发现为自己的将来做打算是很难的。“父母试图为自己的孩子们设计生活。当这些孩子是成年人时，他们可能发现为他们自己计划事情是困难的”。父母们应该学会把更多的时间留给孩子自己。一方面，孩子需要集体性的活动。另一方面，他们也需要时间和自由放松。并且他们需要时间自己做事情。
Section 3 After You Read 课文3读后检测
3a
Read these statements. Is the situation the same in China? Discuss with your partner.
读下面的句子。这情形在中国也是相同吗？与你的同伴讨论一下。
—American and British children do many after—school activities．
美国和英国孩子做很多课外活动。
—Many children are under pressure.
很多孩子生活在压力下。
—Parents these days push their children much harder than before.
现在父母给孩子们的压力比以前大得多。
—Competition between families starts at a young age.
家庭之间的竞争从孩子很小的时候就开始了。
—Children should have free time to relax.
孩子应该有空闲时间来放松一下。
3b
Write four sentences using one of the words from 1b in each sentence.
选用1b中词语写出四个句子。
3c
You are Dr Alice Green. Write a letter to Cathy Taylor. Give advice about what she should do with her children．你是艾丽斯·格林医生。给卡西。泰勒信。给她提点她该怎样对待孩子的建议。
Section 4 Go for it! 课文4试一试！
4a
Pressure is a serious problem in today's world. We should find ways to relax.
Are you or your friends under pressure? Do a survey to find out.
压力是当今世界一个严重的问题。我们应该发现放松的方法。你或者你的朋友有压力吗？做个调查来查一下。
Question：问题：
1．When do you feel under pressure? 你什么时候感到有压力？
2．What should you do to relax? 你该做什么才能得到放松？
4b
If there is someone in your class who has a big problem， make a plan to help them.
如果你班里有人有一个大问题，制定一个计划帮助他们。
If you have time! 如果你有时间！
Role—play interviews between a“psychologist”and a person who is under pressure.
分角色表演“心理学家”和一位有压力的人之间的交谈。
重点难点
1．情态动词could与should
（1）could意为“可以”，常表示提议，比can表示提议时更客气、委婉。如：
I could do the cleaning for you, if you are busy.如果你忙，我可以替你打扫卫生。
（2）should意为“应该”，表示提出劝告，后接动词原形，常可和ought to互换。
如：
You should(ought to)do your homework first.你应该先做你的家庭作业。
2．征求意见和提建议
本单元我们学习了遇到问题时如何向人征求意见，即可以说“What should I do？”，意为“我应该怎么办呢？”“我应该做什么呢？”。而要针对这个问题提建议，则可以用上面讲到的两个情态动词，可以说“You could…”“You should…”。或表示更委婉一点，在前面加上“I think”或“Maybe”。如：－I need some money to buy a new skirt. What should I do? －I think you could get a part-time job.
－我需要一些钱买一条新裙子。我应该怎么办呢？
－我想你可以找一份兼职工作。
另外，我们也可以用“Why don't you…？”来表示提建议。如：－I left my homework at home.
－Why don't you explain it to your teacher?
－我把作业落在家里了。
－为什么不跟老师解释一下呢？（你可以跟老师解释一下。）
单元语法归纳
CRAMMAR
情态动词could和should的用法
▲情态动词could表示“可以；可能”，它是can的过去式，在许多情况下，没有时间上的差别，并不表示过去时态。
●表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度时，could与can可以换用，用could时口气较缓和，用can时不相信的程度更强一些。
He couldn’t／can’t be over fifty.
他不可能有50多岁了。
●比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法时，could更常用。
You could borrow some money from your brother.
你可以向你哥哥借一些钱。
I could come earlier if necessary.
如果有必要我可以早点来。
▲情态动词should表示“应当；应该”，其否定式是shouldn’t，“不应当；不应该”。在将来时态中，should还是shall的过去式，表示“将要干某事”，此时它是助动词。
You should say sorry to her.你应当向她道歉。
What should I do?我应当怎么做?
词语辨析
1．borrow与lend
borrow意为“向……借”，表示“借入”。lend意为“……借给”，表示“借出”。borrow指说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用在borrow sth. from sb.结构中。lend指说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用在lend sb. sth.或lend sth. Tosb.结构中。如：
You can borrow the book from me, but you can't lend it to others.你可以从我这儿借这本书，但你不能借给别人。
borrow是短暂性动词，因此不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。表示借一段时间，要用keep代替borrow。如：
I borrowed a book from the library yesterday. But I don't know how long I can keep it.昨天我从图书馆借了一本书，但我不知道能借多久。
2．either also, too与as well
either, also, too与as well都意为“也”，但用法不同。
（1）either用于否定句中，置于句尾，且前面常有逗号分开。如：
If you don't go, I won't go, either.如果你不去，我也不去。
（2）also用于肯定句，一般放在be动词和助动词之后、行为动词之前。如：
We would also like to go to the movies.我们也喜欢去看电影。
（3）too用于肯定句，位于句尾，其前常用逗号分开。如：
They are middle school students, too.他们也是中学生。
（4）as well用于肯定句，通常位于句尾，强调时可位于句中，通常不用逗号分开。如：
Tom is the captain of the football team, and is on the baseball team as well. 汤姆是足球队队长，同时也是棒球队员。
3．except, except for, except that与besides
except, except for, except that与besides都有“除外”的含义，但其用法有较大的区别。
（1）except意为“除……外，不再有……”、“不包括”，相当于without或minus（-），表示一种排除关系。如：
My father goes to work every day except Sunday and Saturday.除周末外，我父亲每天去上班。
（2）except for与except的用法有所不同，except主要用来谈论同类东西，而except for则用来谈论不同类的东西，说明情况后在细节上加以修正。如：
We go there every day except Sunday.除星期天外，我们每天都去那儿。（every day和Sunday都表示时间，同类）
We had a pleasant time, except for the weather.我们玩得很痛快，只是天气不太好。（time表示时间，而weather表示天气，不同类）
（3）except that表示“除了”、“只是”，引导宾语从句。如：
He knew nothing about his trip except that he would be away for two weeks.对这次旅行，他除了知道要离开两周外，就一所无知了。
（4）besides(prep.)意为“除……外，还有……”、“包括”，相当于with或plus（＋），表示一种累加关系。如：
There are three more visitors besides me.除我之外，还有三名参观者。
4．look for与find
两者都有“找”的意思。look for意为“寻找”，强调找的动作。find意为“找到”，“发现”，强调找的结果。试比较：
He is looking for different places.他在寻找不同的地方。
Can you find these places?你能找到这些地方吗？
He is looking for his pen, but he can't find it.他正在寻找他的钢笔，可是找不到。
Unit 2 What should I do? 单元重难点总结
（一）本单元语言目标：
1. 谈论在学校和家庭中遇到的种种麻烦和问题。
2. 为他人找到合理的解决办法，提出相应的建议。
3. 为自己的问题找到解决办法。
（二）重点单词：
1. play v. 播放 2. loud adj. 高声的；大声的 3. argue v. 争论，争吵 4. wrong adj. 错误的；有毛病的；不适合的 5. could v. can的过去式
6. ticket n. 票，入场券 7. surprise v. 使惊奇；使意外 8. other adj. 任一的；（两方中的）每一方的
9. except prep. 除；把......除外 10. fail v. 失败 11. football n. 足球
12. until prep. 到......为止 13. fit v. 适合，适应 14. include v. 包括；包含
15. send v. 发送，寄 16. themselves pron. 他们自己（反身代词）
（三）重点词组：
1. keep out不让......进入
2. out of style不时髦的；过时的
3. call sb. up打电话给......
4. pay for付款
5. ask for要求
6. the same as与......同样的
7. in style时髦的；流行的
8. get on相处；进展
9. as much as possible尽可能多
10. all kinds of各种；许多
11. on the one hand, ......（在）一方面，......
12. on the other hand, ......另一方面，......
（四）重点句型：
1. What should I do?
我应该怎么做？
2. You could write him a letter.
你可以写信给他。
3. What should he do?
他应该怎么做？
4. Maybe he should say he's sorry.
也许他应该说抱歉。
5. What should they do?
他们应该怎么做？
6. They shouldn't argue.
他们不应该争吵。
（五）重点语法：
情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为"应该......"。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。
在这个单元中我们还学到用"could"表示建议，这时could不是can的过去式，而表示比should更加委婉的建议。
--- I need some money to pay for the summer camp.
---- You should/ could borrow some money from your brother.
（六）知识点讲解：
1. I don't have enough money.
我没有足够的钱。
enough：adj.充足的、充分的，在句子中可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语。
eg. Do you have enough time?
Six pieces of paper will be enough.
2. I argued with my best friend.我与我最好的朋友吵架了。
argue with sb.意为"与......争吵，争论"
eg. He often argue with his classmates.
3. My clothes are out of style.
我的衣服过时了。
be out of style / fashion表示"过时""不合乎时尚"
反义词是"be in fashion"表示"合乎时尚"
eg. He is aways in fashion.
The sofa is out of style, and I don't like it.
4. Maybe you should call him up.
（1）maybe是副词，用来表示推测，译为"也许，或许，大概"。
eg. Maybe you are right.
Maybe they will go out for a walk.
maybe不同于may be。maybe是一个词，是副词，may be是情态动词may加上动词原形be，意为"或许"，后接形容词、名词、代词等。
eg. It may be true.
He may be the man we are looking for.
（2）call sb up .打电话给某人
eg. I called up Zhang Hong at eight o'clock.
原句中him为代词，所以放在call和up之间，不能说成call up him。
eg. I'll call her up this afternoon.
Could you ask him to call me, please.在这个句子中，省略up。
5. I don't want to surprise him.
我不想使他惊讶。
在这句话中surprise是个行为动词，可以说成"surprise sb."，表示"使......惊讶"。
eg. The news surprises us greatly.
surprised adj.惊讶的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的
eg. I'm surprised to hear the news.
It's a surprising gift, and I love it.
6. No, he doesn't have any money, either.
不，他也没有钱。
either的用法：用作副词，用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气，表示"也"，"而且"。
eg. He doesn't like singing, and he doesn't like dancing, either.
either用作代词时，常表示"两者之中任何一个"，常与短语连用或用作宾语。
eg. Either of them will agree with you.
I don't like either of the books.
7. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.
我需要一些钱支付夏令营。
（1）need是个情态动词，也可以是行为动词。
▲当它是情态动词时，后边直接加行为动词，表示"需要"，但need作情态动词时一般不用于肯定句。它一般用于否定句和疑问句中，例如：
①You need not meet him.你不必见他。
②Need I repeat it?我有必要重复它吗？
对上一句的简略回答为：Yes, you need. No, you needn't.
▲此外情态动词must提问时，否定回答时为No, ... needn't。
例如：Must he finish the homework now?
Yes, he must. No, he needn't.
当need作行为动词时，同其他行为动词一样对待，need后加不定式为"need to do"。
例如：I need to finish the work.
变为疑问句时，不能像它作情态动词时直接提前，而要加助动词do/ does/ did等，例如：
He needs to write many words.
改成一般问句：Does he need to write many words?
他需要写许多字吗？
Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
（2）（sb.）pay（money）for sth.为......而付款
（sb.）spend（money）on sth在......上花多少钱
（sth.）cost sb.（money）什么东西值多少钱
这三个短语都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是"人"，主语为人，而cost指的是"物"，主语为"物"。
例如说他昨天花10元买了一本书。用以上三个短语分别为：
①He paid 10 yuan for the book yesterday.
②He spent 10 yuan on the book yesterday.
③The book cost him 10 yuan yesterday.
注意以上三个动词的动词过去式为：
pay---paid spend ---- spent cost----cost
以上三个例句的翻译为：
①他昨天为这本书付了10元钱。
②他昨天花了10元钱（买）这本书。
③这本书花了他10元钱。
新目标英语八年级下册第二单元知识点精析
Unit 2 What should I do?
一、知识点拨
I．Language Goals
·学会谈论有关生活中的问题。
·学会针对别人的问题给出建议。
·能针对所提出的建议做出评价。
II．Key Words
1．argue v．争论；争吵
argue with sb．与某人吵架
I argued with my best friend．我和我的好朋友吵架了。
2．either adv.（用于否定句）也
He doesn't have any money, and I don't, either．他没有钱，我也没有。
too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）
I'm a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。
3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……
Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work．别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。
I don't think you should ask your parents for some money．我想你不应该向父母要钱。
He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book hack．他不想向老师要回他的书了。
4．the same as... 与……相同
The clothes are the same as my friends'．这些衣服与我朋友的一样。
Tom is the same age as Anna．＝ Tom is as old as Anna．汤姆和安娜一样大。
5．except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）
My class has been invited except me．＝ Only I haven't been invited．
除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him．＝ Only he didn't get to the park．
besides 除……以外（包括在内）
除他以外，所有的学生都去了公园。
We all went there besides him．＝ He went there．We went there, too．
除他去以外，我们也都去了。
6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的
─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?（你哪里不舒服?）
─ I've got a headache．我头痛。
adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地
He answered wrong．他答错了。
7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽
The students will get on well with the teacher．学生会和老师相处得非常好。
We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽。
8．have a fight with sb．＝ fight with sb．与某人打架
I don't want to have a fight with my cousin．我不想和我的堂兄打架。
III. Key Sentences Structures
What should I do?
You could write him a letter．
What should he do?
Maybe he should say sorry to him．
What should they do?
They shouldn't argue．
二、学习自评
I．Listening Comprehension
（A）Listen and match the correct pictures．
1．（ ） 2．（ ） 3．（ ） 4．（ ） 5．（ ）
（B）Listen carefully and write “T” （true）or “F” （false）before each statement．
（ ）1．Jim wants to go shopping for a new shirt．
（ ）2．Jim can't wear size six shoes．
（ ）3．Jim's mother saw some nice shops the other day．
（ ）4．Jim prefers white to blue．
（ ）5．They will buy the shoes on Saturday afternoon．
II．Vocabulary
Match the words with their meanings．
（ ）1．Genius
（ ）2．Attend
（ ）3．Solution
（ ）4．Pressure
（ ）5．Psychiatrist
（ ）6．Upset
（ ）7．family
（ ）8．Exhausted
（ ）9．Pair
（ ）10．idea
a．strong or oppressive influence
b．not happy
c．people with relatives
d．answer or the way to work out problems
e．too tired to do anything
f．pictures in mind
g．a person who is very intelligent
h．take part in
i．person who studies how people think
j．two things of the same kind
III．Choose the correct answers．
（ ）
1．I don't have any money and he doesn't, .
A．too B．either C．also D．neither
（ ）
2．─ do you go to the cinema?
─ Every two weeks．
A．How long B．How many C．How often D．How much
（ ）
3．You can this book for a week．
A．borrow B．lend C．keep D．buy
（ ）
4．Yesterday Dick made me for a long time．
A．to wait B．wait C．waited D．waiting
（ ）
5．I need some money to buy clothes my mother．Her clothes are out of style．
A．after B．to C．of D．for
（ ）
6．My bike is broken．I have to go to school on foot .
A．also B．instead C．instead of D．too
（ ）
7．My friend has the same haircut I do．
A．as B．like C．with D．than
（ ）
8．The teacher told him late any more．
A．not to be B．to be not C．be not D．not be
（ ）
9．He the radio and began to listen to it．
A．turned off B．turned down C．turned on D．turned up
（ ）
10．I'm very because my best friend didn't invite me to come to his party．
A．popular B．happy C．late D．upset
IV．Form sentences．
1．I, friend, nicer, clothes, my, has, than, do
2．wears, the, clothes, my, same, I, do, brother, as
3．left, your, homework, at, you, home
4．doesn't, he, is, know, ID, where, your, card
5．are, invite, the singer, having, a, my friends, party, and, didn't, they
V．Fill in the blanks with these words．
are, played, for, with, out, about, keep, else, drops
1．My brother his stereo too loud．
2．He is arguing his best friend．
3．It's not easy to get a ticket a basketball game．
4．I don't want to talk Tom in class．
5．He borrowed a new car his father．
6．We found that there would be an important test the next week．
7．Her mother her off on No．302 bus stop every day．
8．You should everything nice and tidy．
9．Everyone in my class is running except me．
10．The Whites hanging out by the river．
VI．Reading comprehension
（A）
Can you make a telephone call? Of course you can make it in Chinese．But a call in English is quite different from the one ill Chinese．If you want to ask Mr. Smith to answer the telephone, you cannot say, “Please ask Mr. Smith to answer the telephone．” Instead you must say, “May 1 speak to Mr. Smith?” If you want to ask if Mr. Smith is answering the telephone, you should say “Who is that? Is that Mr. Smith speaking?” instead of “Who are you?” If you want to tell the other one who you are, you should say, “This is Tom （speaking）．” Instead of “I'm Tom．”
（ ）1．An English telephone call is a Chinese one．
A．not the same as B．better than
C．the same as D．as good as
（ ）2．If you want to ask who is answering the call, you should say “ ?”
A．Who am I B．Who is be
C．Who are you D．Who is that
（ ）3．If you want to tell the other one who you are on the telephone, you should say,“ .”
A．This is... B．I'm... C．That is... D．He is...
（ ）4．If you want to ask Mr. Smith to answer the call, you should say “ ”
A．Please tell Mr. Smith to answer the telephone．
B．May 1 speak to Mr. Smith?
C．I want to speak to Mr. Smith．
D．Are you Mr. Smith?
（ ）5．Which sentence is right according to （根据）this passage?
A．It tells the difference between calls in English and in Chinese．
B．We know how we call in English．
C．We don't understand how we call in English．
D．It's easy to call in English．
（B）
American schools begin in September after a long summer vacation．There are two terms in a school year．The first term is from September to January, and the second is from February to June．Most American children begin to go to school when they are five years old．Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they finish school．
High school students take only four or five subjects each term．They usually go to the same classes every day, and they have homework for every class．After class they do many interesting things．
After high school, many students go to college．They can go to a small one or a large one．They usually have to pay a lot of money．So many college students work after class to get the money for their studies．
Questions
Answers
1．How long is the summer holiday in America?
2．How old do most American children begin to go to school?
3．What do many students do after high school?
4．Why do American college students work after class?
5．How many subjects do high school students take each term?
VII．Writing
Write your advice to solve the following problems．
1．I don't have enough money．
2．I argued with my best friend．
3．I left my homework at home．
4．My classmates didn't invite me to his party．
5．I want to join a club, but my parents don't allow me to do so．
三、相关信息
休息好，才能更好地工作。可是，有时人们不得不在周末加班工作。由于别人都在休息，常常就会遇到许多不便，有时还可能会很危险。
Many people have to work on the weekend．Some people do not mind．Other people think it is terrible．
One man thinks that working on the weekend can be dangerous．He is Graham Coates．Mr. Coates works in an office in Brighton, England．
On the morning of Saturday, May 24, 1986, he went to the office to do some work．When he got on the elevator, it stopped between floors．Mr. Coates could not get out of the elevator．He started to shout, but no one heard him．Then Mr. Coates remembered that it was a holiday in England．No one was going to come to work until Monday!
There was nothing for Mr. Coates to do．He had to wait until one of his workmates came to work and found him．With nothing to eat or drink, Mr. Coates ended up sleeping for most of the time．
Early on Monday morning, the vice president of the company came to work and found the elevator was not working．When the elevator was opened, Mr. Coates came out, cold, weak, and tired．He had been in the elevator for 62 hours!
Now Mr. Coates says, “I only use elevators if they have telephones in them．”
should的心灵独白
Hi,读者朋友，大家好！我是你们的朋友should。可能有不少朋友对我了解得不是很多，今天我就敞开心扉，和大家说说心里话。你们可要认真听啊。和can, may, must等情态动词一样，我也没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形，能独立构成疑问句和否定句。如：
Who should pay the taxes?
You shouldn't play football in the street.
说到我的用法，那可是很多噢！还是让我为你细数一二吧。
我常用来表示责任和义务，含义是“应当; 应该”。如：
We should help the people in trouble. 我们应该帮助困境中的那些人。
如果说话者的语气强，我还有命令的色彩。如：
You should finish the work in three days. 你们应在3天之内完成这项工作。
此外，我还可以用来表示可能性或判断，意为“可能; 或许”。如：
I think she should arrive home by now. 我想她此刻可能到家了。
The book you are looking for should be on the shelf. 你正找的那本书或许在书架上。
大家要当心啦！如果我与完成时连用，往往有责备、不满的含义。我后面接完成时的肯定形式，表示“应该做的事而未做”。如：
You should have helped him.你本应该帮他的。（可你并没有帮他）
而我后面接完成时的否定形式，表示“不应该做的事而做了”。如：
You shouldn't have blamed Tom. It was not his fault.你不应该责备汤姆，这不是他的错。
如果我与how, who, why, what等词连用，多表达惊讶、意外等情绪。如：
How should I know?我怎么知道？
Why should you come so late today? 你今天怎么来得这么晚？
再就是我还可以语气委婉地陈述自己的意见或看法。如：
You are mistaken. I should say.我倒想说，你搞错了。
I should like to have a talk with you. 我想跟你谈谈。
我大致的用法基本介绍完了。朋友们，你们“应该”记在心里啊。
用英语提建议的八种方式
用Shall we...?在表示建议或征求对方意见时，可用以Shall开头的一般疑问句。其肯定回答一般可用：All right;OK;Good idea等。
用Let's...?表示“让我们”（包括双方在内）做某事“这一建议时要用以Let's 开头的祈使句。而Let us在表示让我们做某事时，不包括对方在内。如：Let's go and see the pandas. Let us go, will you?让我们去吧，好吗？
用Why not...?Why not...?意思是：为什么不……？后接不带to的不定式（即动词原形）。Why not...?是省略了主语的省略形式，完整句Why don't you/they/we...?如：Why don't you go with me? Why don't you try again?=Why not try again?
用What about...?意为“……怎么”后可接名词、代词和动名词。如:What about going out for a walk? I'm going to the park.What about you?
用had better 意为“最好”，“还是……好”，常用于口语，后接动词原形。如：You had better stay at home. You'd better go now.
用Don't...来表示建议，通常用于祈使句的否定形式中。如：Don't play in the street. Don't throw it like that.
Would you like+短语？这个句型意思是“……怎么样？”后接sth. 或to do sth.如：Would you like another cup of tea? Would you like some colour pencils?
Will you please+动词原形……？它的意思是“请你……好吗？”如：Will you please come tomorrow? Will you please pick it up?
本课短语归纳
1. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要求某事
When I have difficulty with math, I always ask Wu Dong for help. 当我在数学上有困难时，我总是请吴东帮助。
2. in style 流行；时髦
I find the red skirt is in style this summer. 我发现今年夏天红裙子很流行。
3. find out 查明；弄清楚
Did you ever find out why he left his last job? 你有没有弄清楚他为什么辞去他最后的工作？
4. everyone ... except 除了……都
Everyone in my family likes music except my father. 我家里人人喜欢音乐，就是我爸爸不喜欢。
5. a /the/ problem with sth. 在……方面有问题
We got a problem with the car. 我们的汽车出问题了。
6. be angry with sb. 对某人生气
As my homework wasn't finished, the teacher was angry with me. 因为我的家庭作业没有完成，老师对我很生气。
7. get on well with sth. / sb. 在……方面进展好；与某人相处好
Are you getting on well with your studies? 你的学习情况怎样？
I am getting on well with my classmates. 我跟我的同班同学相处得很好。
8. have a fight with sb. 跟某人打架
Yesterday I had a fight with my brother. 昨天我跟我的哥哥打了一架。
9. give sb. advice 给某人提出建议(忠告)
I want to get a job in a restaurant. Would you please give me some advice? 我想在一家饭店找份工作，请你给我提些建议好吗？
10. under pressure 承受压力
It's wrong for children to stay under too much pressure. 让孩子们承受太多的压力是不对的。
11. compare...with...把……与……相比
His family is rich. We can't compare our family with his. 他家很富，我们家不可能与他家相比。
12. by oneself 独自；独立
关于短语get on with分析
She’s really nice, and we get on well, but she always borrows my things.
她确实很好，我们相处得好，可是她总是向我借东西。［P15］
（1）get on well意为“相处得好”，若表示“与某人相处得好”则用get on well with sb.，表示“与某人相处得不好”用get on badly with sb.。例如：
①My father and I get on well. 我和我父亲相处得融洽。
②We get on well with our teacher. 我们与我们的老师相处得好。
（2）get on well with sth.意为“在某事上进展得好”。例如：
①How does he get on with his English? 他英语学得如何？
②I get on badly with my maths. 我数学学得很差。
Can he do it all by himself？他能独自一个人做这事吗？
辨析besides，except，except for与except that
besides，except，but，except for与except that都有“除外”的含义，但其用法有较大的区别：
（1）besides（prep.）意为“除……外，还有……”“包括”，相当于with或plus（+），表示一种累加关系。例如：
There are three more visitors besides me. 除了我外，还有三名参观者。
（2）except意为“除……外，不再有……”“不包括”，相当于without或minus（－），表示一种排除关系。例如：
We go to school every day except Sunday and Saturday. 除周末外我们每天上学。
（3）except for与except的用法有所不同，except主要用来谈论同类东西，而except for则用来谈论不同类的东西，在说明情况后在细节上加以修正。例如：
①We go there every day except Sunday.
除星期天外我们每天都去那儿。（every day和Sunday都表示时间）
②We had a pleasant time, except for the weather.
我们玩得很痛快，只是天气不太好。（time表示时间，而weather表示天气）
（4）except that表示“除了”“只是”，引导宾语从句。例如：
He knew nothing about his trip except that he would be away for two weeks.
对这次旅行，他除了知道要离开两周外，就一无所知了。
Unit 2 易混词语辨析
1. either；each；every
either表示“每个”，是指“两者之一”。如：There are many trees on either side of the river. 在河的两旁都种有许多树。
each和every这两个词也都有“每个”的意义。each强调“各别；各个”，而every 强调“全部；都”。如：He gave each boy an apple. 他给每个男孩一个苹果。The sun shines every day. 每天都是阳光灿烂。
另外，every只能用作形容词, 因此只有在与名词连用或构成复合词时, 才能用作主语或宾语；而each可用作形容词, 也可用作代词, 直接作主语或宾语。 如: Each of them wants to try.他们每人都想试一试。
2．except；besides
except意为“除……之外（不再有）”， 而besides意为“除……之外（还有）”。如：We all agreed except Tom. 除汤姆之外，我们都同意。（除了汤姆外，其他人都同意）We all agreed besides him. 除他同意之外，我们也都同意。（不仅他同意，其他人也同意）
3．surprise；amaze
surprise和amaze作动词，都有“使吃惊”的意思。surprise 是通用词，它的含义是使人一愣。表示“出乎意外地惊异”。 如: We were surprised at finding the house empty. 我们惊讶地发现房子是空的。
amaze 所表示的吃惊中包含着使人迷惑不解、困窘或惊疑不定。如：Scientists have been amazed to find that it can cut through the hardest rock with great ease. 科学家们惊诧地发现，它可以轻而易举地钻穿最坚硬的岩石。
4．pay for；cost；spend；take
pay for意为“为……付钱”。如：He paid ￡5 for the book. 他买这本书花了五英镑。
cost表示“花费(金钱, 时间)”，主语必须是物。如：That suit costs me ￡6. 那件上衣花掉我6英镑。
spend表示“花费”，主语必须是人，可以用指花费钱、时间、精力等。其后接on sth.或（in）doing sth.。如：He spent a lot of money on books. 他花了许多钱买书。
take表示“花费（钱或时间）”，主语应是不定式，可以用it作形式主语代替。如：It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一所房子要花一大笔钱。
关于not…until用法分析
The tired family doesn’t get home until 7 pm. 这个疲乏的家庭直到晚上七点才到家。
（1）not…until意为“直到……才……”，表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词是非持续性的动词。例如：
I won’t leave until you come back. 直到你回来我才会离开。
（2）until用于肯定句时, 意为“直到”，主句的动词必须是持续性的。例如：
He waits until the children are asleep. 他一直等到孩子们睡着。
（3）主句是将来时态，以until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。例如：
I’ll stay here until he comes back. 我要呆在这儿一直到他回来。
I won’t leave until he comes back. 直到他回来我才会走。
辨析also, too, as well与either
also, too, as well和either这四个词都意为“也”，但用法不同。
（1）also用于肯定句，一般放在be动词和助动词之后、行为动词之前。例如：
We would also like to go to the movies. 我们也喜欢去看电影。
（2）too用于肯定句，位于句尾，其前常用逗号分开。例如：
They are middle school students, too. 他们也是中学生。
（3）as well用于肯定句，通常位于句尾，强调时可位于句中，通常不用逗号分开。
例如：
Tom is the captain of the football team, and is on baseball team as well.
汤姆是足球队长，同时也是棒球队员。
（4）either只用否定句中，置于句尾，且前面常有逗号分开。例如：
If you don’t go, I won’t go, either. 如果你不去，我将也不去
单词解析
1．serious /'s?r??s/
adj．①严肃的，严重的：He looks serious. 他表情严肃。②认真的，真诚的：You should be serious about your work. 你应该用心工作。③严重的：a serious problem严重的问题
2．surprise /s?r'pra?z /
n．惊奇，惊异
v．使惊奇，使诧异：She's over 80? You surprise me! 她80多岁了？真想不到。
3．loud /la?d/
adj．& adv．高声的，响亮的，喧噪的：The bomb exploded with a loud noise.那炸弹一声巨响爆炸了。laugh loud and long大笑不已
4．argue / 'ɑ?gju?/
v．辩论，争论：Don't argue with your mother. 不要和母亲争辩。
【引申】argument /5a:gjumEnt / n.争论，争辩，争吵。
5．style /sta?l/
n．款式，式样，时尚
【考点】in style时髦的，时尚的；out of style过时的，落伍的：My hat is out of style. I want to buy a new one.我的帽子过时了，我想买一顶新的。
【引申】hair-style发式，发型。
6．either /'a?e?/
adj．（两者中）任何一个
adv．（用于否定句）也
pron．两者之一，两者中任何一个（都）
7．original /?'r?d??nl/
adj．①原始的，原先的：original plan原来的计划；②新创的，新颖的
8．get /get/
v．（got, got）获得，收到，得到，买，挣得，赢得，取
【考点】get along(with)（与人）和睦相处，（事情）进展：How are you getting along with your study?你近来学习怎么样？get away 逃，离：He was so busy that he could not get away from his work.他忙得不可开交，一步也离不开工作岗位。get back返回，回来：When did you get back from London?你什么时候从伦敦回来的？get down降下，下车：The kitten climbed the tree but could not get down.那只小猫爬上树却下不来了。get in进入，收集：The burglar got in by the backdoor.窃贼从后门进来。get off下车，脱下（衣服等）：I will get off at the next bus-stop.我在下一个公共汽车站下车。get on上车：The bus came and we got on.车来了，我们就上去了。get on with sb.与某人相处融洽；get through通过，打通（电话）：The line is busy, I can't get through.电话线忙，我打不通。get together聚集，联欢：Let's get together soon and have a chat.我们在最近相聚聊聊吧！get up起来，起床：I get up early.我起得很早。
9．except /?k'sept/
prep．将……除外
【引申】同义词：besides。
10．wrong /r?n /r??/
adj．①不对的，错误的：I took the wrong bus.我乘错了公共汽车。②坏的，不好的：Crime is wrong.犯罪是法律所不允许的。
【考点】be wrong with有毛病：There is something wrong with the machine.机器有毛病。
【引申】反义词：right。
11．lose /lu?z/
v．（lost, lost）失去，损失，丧失：He lost two sons in the war.他的两个儿子在战争中阵亡。
【考点】lose one's heart失去信心，灰心：He lost his heart after his first failure.第一次失败后，他就丧失了信心。lose one's life死，牺牲：He lost his life in the battle.他在战斗中光荣牺牲。lose one's temper发怒；lose…to…被……取而代之：The little grocery shop is losing all its customers to the new supermarket.那个小杂货店的顾客都跑到新开的超级市场去了。lose one's voice失音，嗓子哑：Because of the bad cold, she lost her voice.由于重感冒，她的嗓子哑了。lose one's way迷路：The children lost their way in the dark.孩子们在黑暗中迷了路。lose one's weight减肥，降体重：She tried hard to lose her weight.她想尽办法减肥。
【引申】同义词：forget, fail;反义词：gain, make。loser失败者。
12．haircut /'h??k?t/
n．理发：have a haircut理发
My girlfriend keeps on nagging me to get a haircut so I finally had one today; it was worth it if only to keep the peace. 我女朋友唠叨着要我去理发，因此我今天终于去理了。只要能保持安宁，那还是值得的。13．take /te?k/
v．（took/tuk/, taken/'te?k?n/）①拿走，带走；②做（和名词连用，表示与该名词意义相关的动作）：take a photo摄影，take a look看；③花费（时间，金钱）：It took me a lot of money to buy the house.买这幢房子花了我很多钱。④吃喝，服用：take /medicine服药；⑤乘车（船）：take a train /a boat /a bus坐火车／船／公共汽车
【考点】take a walk散步：We are going to take a walk.我们打算散步去。take a rest休息：Let's take a rest.让我们休息一下。take away拿走：You may not take these books away from the library.这些书籍不准带出图书馆外。take down /out /on /off取下／取出／穿上／脱下（衣物）； take a photo (of) 照一张相；take a taxi打的；take an interest in对……感兴趣；take charge of掌管，负责；take it easy放心好了，别着急；take one's seat就坐；take part in参加，参与；take pride in对……自豪，对……感到得意；take sides站在……一边；take sb in one's arm（拥）抱某人。take place（不用于被动语态和进行时）发生：The accident took place yesterday.那起事故是昨天发生的。
14．activity /?k't?v?t?/
n．活动，工作
【考点】复数activities。
【记忆法】act＋ivity。
15．fit /f?t/
v．①适合于，合适：This coat does not fit me.这件上衣不适合我穿。②安装：fit a new lock on a door在门上装一新锁
adj．适合的
16．complain /k?m'ple?n/
v．投诉，抱怨，诉苦，发牢骚
【考点】complain to sb. about /at sth.向某人抱怨某事：She complained to meabout his rudeness．她向我诉苦说他的粗鲁。
【记忆法】 com＋plain。
【引申】complaint /k?m'pleint/ n.抱怨，埋怨，不满。
17．include /?n'klu?d/
v．包括：Your duties will include putting the children to bed.你的职责包括照顾孩子们就寝。
18．push /p??/
v．①推；②强迫，催促
n．推
【引申】反义词：pull拉。
19．own /??n/
adj．自己的：my own eye我自己的眼睛
v．有，拥有：We own the house.我们拥有这幢房子。
【考点】of one's own属于某人自己的：I want a room of my own.我想有自己的房间。on one's own独立地，独自地: He did all these on his own.他独立地做这一切。
20．pressure /'pre??(r)/
n．压力
【记忆法】press＋ure。
【引申】press /pres /v.压，挤，推，顶。
21．compare / k?m'pe?/
v．比较，对照
【考点】compare with比得上，不亚于；compare…with…把……与……比较；compare…to…把……比作……。
22．crazy /'kre?z?/
adj．①疯的；②荒唐的，愚蠢的；③狂热的，着迷的
【考点】习惯搭配：be crazy to do干……是荒唐的；be crazy about /on (doing) sth．（对做……）着迷；be crazy for sth. 渴望得到；be crazy for sb. 迷恋某人。
【引申】同义词：mad。
23．organized /英音：'?:g?naizd 美音：'?rg?n,a?zd/
adj．有组织的，有秩序的
【引申】organize v．组织，安排；organization /.?:g?nai'zei??n/n．有组织的活动，组织性；organizer / '?rg?na?z?(r)/ n．组织者。
24．freedom /'fri:d?m/
n．自由，自主：give sb. freedom to do what he thinks best给某人随意处理事务的自由
【记忆法】free（形容词）＋dom（后缀）形成其名词形式。
25．send /send/
v．（sent /sent/, sent）①送，寄出 ②打发，派遣
【考点】send不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。send指通过其他人或手段把某物送给某人或送至某地，而非自己送。send sb. sth.送给某人某物：Tom sent me a postcard from Britain.汤姆从英国给我寄来了一张明信片。
【引申】sender n.寄件人，发信人；反义词：receive v.收到。
26．relax / r?'l?ks/
v．松弛，放松，休息：These pills will relax you and make you sleep.这些药丸有镇静催眠作用。
【记忆法】re＋lax。
【引申】relaxation /7ri:lAk5seiFn /n．放松，休息。
27．start /stɑrt /stɑ?t/
v．①出发：We started at six.我们是六点出发的。②开始：It started to rain.天下起雨来了。③启动
【引申】同义词：begin；反义词：finish。
关于be used to doing sth分析
A lot of them are used to having their time filled up by their parents. 他们中的许多人习惯于父母给他们安排时间。
（1）be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”。例如：
I am not used to getting up so early. 我不习惯这么早起床。
特别提示：①used to意为“过去经常”，其中的to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。例如：
He used to live in England, but now he lives in USA.
他过去住英国，但现在住在美国。
②be used to意为“习惯于”，其中的to为介词，其后要接名词或动名词，不能接动词原形。例如：
You’ll be used to living here soon. 你很快就会习惯在这儿住。
③注意be used to后接动词原形时，是动词use的被动语态，意为“被用来”，其中的to为不定式符号。例如：
This book can be used to serve his demand. 这本书能满足他的需求。
（2）fill up意为“装满，填满”。例如：
The room was soon filled up with people. 房间里很快就挤满了人。
第二单元重点短语和句型归纳(Unit 2 what should I do ?)
一． 短语
1,stay at home 呆在家 2, every night 每天晚上
3,play CDs 放CD 4,too loud 太吵
5,out of style 过时的 6,enough money 足够的钱
7,go to his house 去他家 8,give him a ticket 给他一张票
9,a ball game 一场球赛 10,talk about 谈论
11,on the phone 通过电话 12,get some money 得一些钱
13,pay for 支付 14,summer camp 夏令营
15,get a part-time job 做一份兼职工作 16,have a bake sale 卖烧烤
17,the radio advice program 电台建议节目 18,the same as 与。。。一样
19,the same clothes as 与。。。一样的衣服
20,get different clothes 买不同的衣服
21,have a problem 有麻烦 22,at school 在学校 23,find out 发现，找出
24,last week 上周 25,after-school activities 课后活动
26,busy enough 足够忙 27,after school 放学后
28,get home 到家 29,as much as possible 尽可能多
30,too much pressure 太多的压力 31,take part in 参加
32,all kinds of 各种各样的 33,on the one hand 在一方面
34,on the other hand 在另外一方面 35,by oneself 亲自
二． 句型
1,want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
eg: My mother wants me to be a scientist in the future.
2,argue with sb与某人争吵
eg: I always argue with my sister.
3,write sb a letter写信给某人
eg: You should write him a letter./ You should write a letter to him.
4,call sb up打电话给某人
eg: You should call her up. I want to call up Tom.
5,like doing sth喜欢做某事
eg: Many students like playing basketball after school.
6,borrow sth from sb/sw 从某人或某地借某物
eg: Many students borrowed some books from the school library yesterday.
7,ask sb for sth 为了某事要求某人
eg: Li Ping asked his parents for a new football.
8,ask sb to do sth 要求某人去做某事
eg: Our teacher asked us to clean the classroom.
9,buy sth for sb 为某人买某物
eg: We must buy some gifts for our parents’ birthday.
10,get sb to do sth 让某人去做某事
eg: You can get him to finish his homework .
11,tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事
eg: My grandfather often tells me to study harder.
12,invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去做某事
eg: My best friend invited me to come to his birthday party.
13,be angry with sb 对某人生气
eg: Our math teacher is angry with him.
14,say to sb 对某人说
eg: My mother said to me :”You should study harder.”
15,get on well with sb 与某人相处融洽
eg: We must get on well with animals all over the world.
17,have a fight with sb 与某人打架
eg: Good students shouldn’t have a fight with their classmates in the class.
18,take sb/sth from …to… 带某人或某物从某地到某地
My parents will take me from Beijing to Shanghai .
19,try to do sth 尽力去做某事
eg: You must try to finish your homework.
20,complain about doing sth 抱怨做某事
eg: Many students complain about doing too much homework .
新目标英语八年级下册第二单元精品教案与同步练习
（一）本单元语言目标：
1. 谈论在学校和家庭中遇到的种种麻烦和问题。
2. 为他人找到合理的解决办法，提出相应的建议。
3. 为自己的问题找到解决办法。
（二）重点单词：
1. play v. 播放 2. loud adj. 高声的；大声的
3. argue v. 争论，争吵 4. wrong adj. 错误的；有毛病的；不适合的
5. could v. can的过去式 6. ticket n. 票，入场券
7. surprise v. 使惊奇；使意外 8. other adj. 任一的；（两方中的）每一方的
9. except prep. 除；把……除外 10. fail v. 失败
11. football n. 足球 12. until prep. 到……为止
13. fit v. 适合，适应 14. include v. 包括；包含
15. send v. 发送，寄 16. themselves pron. 他们自己（反身代词）
（三）重点词组：
1. keep out不让……进入
2. out of style不时髦的；过时的
3. call sb. up打电话给……
4. pay for付款
5. ask for要求
6. the same as与……同样的
7. in style时髦的；流行的
8. get on相处；进展
9. as much as possible尽可能多
10. all kinds of各种；许多
11. on the one hand, ……（在）一方面，……
12. on the other hand, ……另一方面，……
（四）重点句型：
1. What should I do?
我应该怎么做？
2. You could write him a letter.
你可以写信给他。
3. What should he do?
他应该怎么做？
4. Maybe he should say he’s sorry.
也许他应该说抱歉。
5. What should they do?
他们应该怎么做？
6. They shouldn’t argue.
他们不应该争吵。
（五）重点语法：
情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为
“应该……”。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。
在这个单元中我们还学到用“could”表示建议，这时could不是can的过去式，而表示比should更加委婉的
建议。
--- I need some money to pay for the summer camp.
---- You should/ could borrow some money from your brother.
（六）知识点讲解：
1. I don’t have enough money.
我没有足够的钱。
enough：adj.充足的、充分的，在句子中可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语。
eg. Do you have enough time?
Six pieces of paper will be enough.
2. I argued with my best friend.我与我最好的朋友吵架了。
argue with sb.意为“与……争吵，争论”
eg. He often argue with his classmates.
3. My clothes are out of style.
我的衣服过时了。
be out of style / fashion表示“过时”“不合乎时尚”
反义词是“be in fashion”表示“合乎时尚”
eg. He is aways in fashion.
The sofa is out of style, and I don’t like it.
4. Maybe you should call him up.
（1）maybe是副词，用来表示推测，译为“也许，或许，大概”。
eg. Maybe you are right.
Maybe they will go out for a walk.
maybe不同于may be。maybe是一个词，是副词，may be是情态动词may加上动词原形be，意为“或许”，后
接形容词、名词、代词等。
eg. It may be true.
He may be the man we are looking for.
（2）call up sb.打电话给某人
eg. I called up Zhang Hong at eight o’clock.
原句中him为代词，所以放在call和up之间，不能说成call up him。
eg. I’ll call her up this afternoon.
Could you ask him to call me, please.在这个句子中，省略up。
5. I don’t want to surprise him.
我不想使他惊讶。
在这句话中surprise是个行为动词，可以说成“surprise sb.”，表示“使……惊讶”。
eg. The news surprises us greatly.
surprised adj.惊讶的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的
eg. I’m surprised to hear the news.
It’s a surprising gift, and I love it.
6. No, he doesn’t have any money, either.
不，他也没有钱。
either的用法：用作副词，用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气，表示“也”，“而且”。
eg. He doesn’t like singing, and he doesn’t like dancing, either.
either用作代词时，常表示“两者之中任何一个”，常与短语连用或用作宾语。
eg. Either of them will agree with you.
I don’t like either of the books.
7. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.
我需要一些钱支付夏令营。
（1）need是个情态动词，也可以是行为动词。
▲当它是情态动词时，后边直接加行为动词，表示“需要”，但need作情态动词时一般不用于肯定句。它一
般用于否定句和疑问句中，例如：
①You need not meet him.你不必见他。
②Need I repeat it?我有必要重复它吗？
对上一句的简略回答为：Yes, you need. No, you needn’t.
▲此外情态动词must提问时，否定回答时为No, ... needn’t。
例如：Must he finish the homework now?
Yes, he must. No, he needn’t.
当need作行为动词时，同其他行为动词一样对待，need后加不定式为“need to do”。
例如：I need to finish the work.
变为疑问句时，不能像它作情态动词时直接提前，而要加助动词do/ does/ did等，例如：
He needs to write many words.
改成一般问句：Does he need to write many words?
他需要写许多字吗？
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
（2）（sb.）pay（money）for sth.为……而付款
（sb.）spend（money）on sth在……上花多少钱
（sth.）cost sb.（money）什么东西值多少钱
这三个短语都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是“人”，主语为人，而cost指的是“物”，主语为“物”。
例如说他昨天花10元买了一本书。用以上三个短语分别为：
①He paid 10 yuan for the book yesterday.
②He spent 10 yuan on the book yesterday.
③The book cost him 10 yuan yesterday.
注意以上三个动词的动词过去式
pay–––paid
spend –––– spent
cost––––cost
以上三个例句的翻译为：
①他昨天为这本书付了10元钱。
②他昨天花了10元钱（买）这本书。
③这本书花了他10元钱。
（七）课文解析SB 3a
Dear Mary,
I have a problem, and I need your help. I always thought I was popular at school. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend, and they didn’t invite me. Everyone else in my class was invited except me, and I don’t know why. I can’t think what I did wrong. I’m very upset and don’t know what to do. What do you think? Can you help me?
Yours,
Lonely Kid
1. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend.
但是我刚刚发现我的朋友们已在为我最好的朋友计划一个生日聚会。
①found是find过去式
find out意为“找出”，“发现”，“查出（真相）”
find和find out都有发现的意思，二者的语义差别是：find往往指凭一时的直接感觉或偶然发现，而find
out则需经一番努力后发现出来，有“查明，弄清”的意思。
eg. He found a bag on the chair.
Please find out when the train will leave.
②“were planning”过去进行时，过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。
eg. What were you doing at nine last night?
It was raining hard when I left my office.
过去进行时动词变化 （现在分词）
eg. When I was cleaning the windows, my brother was sleeping.
2. Everyone else in my class was invited except me, and I don’t know why.
①else修饰不定代词（something, everything, somebody, anybody等），疑问代词（who, which, whom
等）和疑问副词（when, where等），要用在这些词后面，译为“别的”。
eg. What else can you do?
Is there anything else you don’t you.
②except是介词，表示“除了……”，“除了我”译为“except me”。except强调“除去”（后边跟的人
或物不包含在里边）。
eg. Except Li Ming, there are forty-five students in the class.
The class went to the aquarium except me.
3. I don’t know what to do.
我不知道做什么？
What to do是疑问句加不定式结构，在句中做宾语，这种结构经常放在tell, show, teach, forget, find
out等词后作宾语。
eg. I forgot what to do next.
The teacher showed us what to do with it.
（八）阅读解析
Life for Cathy Taylor’s three children is very busy. Their school days are busy enough. After school, though, Cathy takes the two boys from football to basketball. Then she has to take her daughter to piano lessons. The tired children don’t get home until 7 pm. They have a quick supper, and it’s time for homework.
The Taylors are like many American and British parents. They take their children from activity to activity, and try to fit as much as possible into their kids’ lives. Doctors say many children are under too much pressure. Teachers complain about teaching tired kids in the classroom.
Most children take part in after-school clubs. Activities include sports, language learning, music, and math classes. Pushy parents are nothing new, but now parents seem to push their children a lot more. Parents see other children doing a lot of things, and they feel their own children should do the same.
Linda Miller, a mother of three in London, knows all about such pressure. “In some families, competition starts from a very young age,”she says. “Mothers send their kids to all kinds of classes when they are very young. And they are always comparing them with other children. It’s crazy. People shouldn’t push their kids so hard.”
Dr Alice Green agrees. She also says that these children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older. “Parents are trying to plan their kids’ lives for them. When these kids are adults, they might find it difficult to plan things for themselves.”Parents should learn to give their kids a bit more time to themselves. On the one hand, children need organized activities. On the other hand, they also need time and freedom to relax, and they need time to do things by themselves.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：90分钟）
一. 根据提示完成单词。
1. The matter is rather s________, you shouldn’t always laugh.
2. What’s _________（毛病）？
--- I can’t find my key.
3. Professor Li will give a t_______ next Friday.
4. All students go to visit the Great Wall e________ Sam.
5. The couple（夫妇）________（抚养）three children.
6. The girl can’t stand the noise, because her brother plays his ________（音响）too loud.
7. He thinks his computer is out of s________, so he decides to buy a new one.
8. Helen doesn’t want to help him, ________（也）.
9. My sister didn’t pass the exam, so she is very u_______ .
10. The magazine is i________（不贵）, and you can take it.
二. 词汇
Example: Your friend should say he’s sorry.
1. I got a ________ in English.
2. The CD costs $ 15.00. We _________ .
3. I had a terrible ________ with my brother.
4. If you want to be popular, you should ___________ .
5. If you need money, you should get a __________ .
三. 选择填空
1. Maybe you should __________ .
A. call in her B. call up her
C. Call her in D. call her up
2. Brian doesn’t like __________ .
A. reading B. read C. reads D. readed
3. Yesterday I went to the library. Henry went there, ________ .
A. either B. too C. also D. only
4. Everyone else in my office is invited by Mr. Wu _______ me.
A. beside B. out C. except D. off
5. Your friend is ________ than you, so you should be as ________ as him.
A. popular, friendlier B. more popular, friendly
C. more popular, friendlier D. popular, friendly
6. Charles’ cousin is the same age ________ him. They get on well ______ each other.
A. for, in B. as, on C. as, in D. as, with
7. Parents often take their children to join some activities to prepare them _______ their
future.
A. at B. behind C. for D. with
8. I am looking for Mrs. Green. She forgets to _________ her bill.
A. cost for B. pay for C. pay in D. cost in
9. Today is Thursday. I have _______ things to do. In fact, I am used to _______ it.
A. a lot of, doing B. a lots of, do
C. a lot of, did D. lots of, done
10. My math teacher ________ me, because he ________ I failed my test.
A. is angry for, find out B. was angry with, found out
C. is angry with, find out D. was angry with, find in
四. 连线
五. 补全对话
（A）选出正确的句子填入对话
A. You should tell your child to help you.
B. It’s a good idea.
C. It’s a bad idea.
D. He is too young to do anything.
E. Maybe you shouldn’t do any chores at home.
F. You could be outside.
G. You should plan things well.
A: I need more leisure time to read some interesting books at home.
B: Well, 1 .
A: I don’t think 2 . I have to do all the chores.
B: Well, 3 .
A: He can’t help me. 4 .
B: I think 5 . Then you can get more free time.
A: You are right.
六. 阅读理解
（A）
Mabel is a cashier（收银员）in a big shop in New York. People can buy medicine, watches, sweets, and many other things. They pay Mabel for the things they buy.
At the shop people can also buy lottery tickets（彩票）. They pay one dollar for a lottery ticket. There are pictures on the ticket. Some pictures are winning pictures. Some pictures are losing pictures. Most people win nothing. Some people win two dollars. A few lucky people win thousands of dollars.
One day Mabel was working at the shop. She sold three lottery tickets to a woman. The woman looked at the pictures on the tickets. Then she threw the tickets on the counter（柜台）and walked away. “These are losing pictures”, she thought.
Mabel picked up the tickets and looked at them. She was surprised. Then she was excited. One ticket was a winning ticket.
“Excuse me!”Mabel called to the woman. “You won $ 50000!”
The woman came back to the counter. She took the winning ticket and looked at it. “You are right.”she said. “I won $ 50000.”The woman walked away slowly, looking at the ticket again and again. Then she turned around. “Thank you! Thank you very much!”she said to Mabel.
Why did Mabel give the woman the ticket? Why didn’t she keep the ticket? Didn’t she want to get $ 50000?
“Of course I want the money,”Mabel said. “But it was her ticket. It wasn’t my ticket.”
“Well, I am sorry that you are not rich,”her mother said. “But I am happy that you are honest（诚实）.”
Choose the right answer according to the passage.（根据短文内容选择正确答案。）
1. Mabel ______ at the big shop.
A. receives and pays out money B. puts things on the shelves
C. helps people choose things D. carries things for old people
2. One lottery ticket costs ________.
A. nothing B. three dollars C. two dollars D. one dollar
3. The woman was lucky because ________.
A. all her three tickets were winning tickets
B. all her three tickets were losing tickets
C. Mabel found the winning ticket and gave it back to her
D. she found the winning ticket by herself
4. Mabel didn’t keep the winning ticket because ___________.
A. she won $ 50000, too
B. her mother told her not to do so
C. she didn’t want to have anything that was not hers
D. her mother was very rich
5. When Mabel’s mother learned about her story, she was very _______.
A. angry B. surprised C. disappointed D. happy
（B）
We live in the “Computer age”People like scientists, writers and students use computers to do all kinds of work. But more than thirty years ago, computers couldn’t do much. They were very big and expensive. Very few people were interested in them and knew how to use them. Today computers are smaller and cheaper. Since they can do a lot of work, many people like to use them. Some people even have them at home.
Computers become very important because they can work faster than man and make few mistakes. Computers can help people to do lots of work. Writers now use their computers to play games. Computers can also remember what you put into them. Computers are very useful and helpful. They are our good friends. Do you want to have a computer?
1. What’s the Chinese for“computer age”?
A. 计算机年龄 B. 计算机时代
C. 计算机时间 D. 计算机空间
2. What were the computers like thirty years ago?
A. They were large and cheap.
B. They were very small and cheap.
C. They were very large and dear.
D. They were very small but expensive.
3. Why do computers become very important?
A. Because they can do work more quickly than people and make few mistakes.
B. Because they can make few mistakes, but work more slowly.
C. Because they can do some work.
D. Because lots of people like to use them.
4. What do writers use computers to do?
A. To play games
B. To help teaching
C. To write books
D. to watch TV programmes
5. Do computers have a memory?
A. Yes, they do
B. No, they don’t
C. The passage（课文）doesn’t tell us.
D. They had a bad memory.
七. 书面表达（10分）
读Jimmy的信然后给Jimmy写一封建议信，你可以用should, shouldn’t, could, couldn’t.
Dear Donna,
I hate shopping! The stores are always crowded and the salespersons aren’t usually very friendly. Also, it takes me a long time to choose clothes. I want to have cool clothes but I don’t want to shop. What do you think I should do?
Jimmy
【试题答案】
一.
1. serious 2. matter 3. ticket 4. except 5. raise
6. stero 7. style 8. either 9. upset 10. inexpensive
二.
1. bad grade
2. don’t have enough money
3. argument
4. be friendlier
5. part-time job
三.
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B
6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B
四.
1. b 2. c 3. f 4. d 5. a 6. e
五.
1. E 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. G
六. （A）1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. D
（B）1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A
七. 略
Unit 2
考题回顾及解析
一、按要求写出下列词的各种形式
1.serious（副词）
解析：seriously 形容词加上ly可变成与之相对应的副词，所以serious+ly。
2.argument（动词）
解析：argue argue去掉e加名词后缀ment构成argument。
3.teen（全写形式）
解析：teenager
4.trendy（同义词）
解析：fashion trendy和fashion都有“时髦的，时尚的”的意思。
5.lose（过去式）
解析：lost lose是一个不规则的动词，它的过去式、过去分词都是lost。
6.fought（原形）
解析：fight fight是一个不规则动词，它的过去式、过去分词都是fought。
7.exhausted（名词）
解析：exhaustion
8.push（形容词）
解析：pushy pushy 莽撞的，固执己见的。
9.pressure（动词）
解析：press
10.stress（同义词）
解析：pressure stress和pressure都有“压力”的意思。
二、根据要求改写句子
1.What’s wrong with you?（改为同义句）
with you?
解析：What’s the matter 你怎么了？可以用
等。
2.He should say he’s sorry.（改为否定句）
He he’s sorry.
解析：shouldn’t say should在这里是情态动词，变否定句在后面直接加not即可。
3.I spent 1 000 yuan on the picture.（改为同义句）
The picture 1 000 yuan.
解析：cost me 表达“花费”时，可以说sb.spend...on sth.，也可说sth.cost sb....
4.You should have a good sleep.（对划线部分提问）
you ?
解析：What should，do 提问你应该干什么。
5.You should tell him to get different clothes.（改为同义句）
You him to get the same clothes.
解析：should tell，not 利用反义词different和same，改为not the same即可。
三、阅读理解
Little Tom likes cartoons（动画片） very much.When the cartoons begin on TV，he does nothing until they’re
over.Sometimes he’d rather（宁可） wait for a long time and go to bed late.In the morning his mother has to wake him up，or he’ll be late for school.
Yesterday Tom heard there would be an interesting cartoon today.This morning，as soon as he got up，he turned on the television，but he didn’t see the programme（节目） on it.He had to have breakfast and then go to school.After school he ran home to watch his television again，but he couldn t find the cartoon.He rushed into the kitchen and asked his mother for help.
“It’s only five now，” said the woman.“Your programme will be after supper.”
“Well，let’s have supper right now!”
1.Tom goes to bed late sometimes，so .
A.he’s late for school
B.he goes to school by bus
C.he can’t wake himself up in the morning
D.he has to go to school without（没有）breakfast
解析：C 从文中第一自然段可知。
2.Tom spends（花费）much time when he’s free.
A.playing football
B.watching football matches on TV
C.doing his homework
D.watching cartoons on TV
解析：D 从文中第一自然段的第三句可知。
3. ，so he turned on the television after getting up this morning.
A.Tom thought he had some time left
B.Tom didn’t know when the cartoon would begin
C.Tom wanted to know the important news
D.Tom hoped to watch a TV play
解析：B 从文中第二自然段的第二句可知。
4.Tom was afraid ，so he ran home.
A.to miss the interesting cartoon
B.to miss the last bus
C.he would be hungry
D.he had little time to finish his homework
解析：A 这是一个推理题，他放学后跑回家的原因是他怕错过了那部有趣的动画片。
5.Tom thought .
A.supper should be ready
B.his mother’s watch was slow
C.the cartoon would begin as soon as he finished supper
D.his mother cooked supper too late
解析：C 从文中最后两个自然段可知。
典型例题
1．________ is wrong to copy other students' homework.
A．This
B．That
C．It
D．There
（2004·西宁）
2．—I don't know ________ he is.
—I heard he was an engineer.
A．Who
B．What
C．Which
D．Where
（2004·芜湖）
答案与简析
1．C 本题考查的是形式主语，其结构是：It is＋adj.＋to do／that从句。“It”在这代替真正的主语“to copy other students' homework”。
2．B 答句意为“我听说他是一名工程师。”由此可推知问句在问职业。问职业应用what。
典型例题
关于besides, except, but用法例析
There’s no choice ______ until it stops raining.（2003年黄冈竞赛题）
A. beside to wait B. besides wait C. except wait D. but to wait
【精析】beside意为“在……旁边”；besides意为“除了……外，还……”；except = but意为“除了……外，不再有……”，如果前面有行为动词do，后接不带to的不定式；如果前面有其他动词，则后接带to的不定式。
【答案】D
关于enough修饰形容词用法例析
She was ill last week. But she is ______ to go to school today.（2003年新疆中考题）
A. well enough B. enough well C. enough good D. good enough
【精析】指“身体好”应用形容词well，enough修饰形容词时要放在形容词之后。
【答案】A
关于短语be used to用法例析
Mike ______ the mild weather in the south now.
A. used to B. be used to C. was used to D. is used to
【精析】used to意为“过去经常”，后接动词原形；be used to意为“习惯于”，后接名词或动名词，从now和Mike可知，be应为一般现在时的第三人称单数。
【答案】D
关于形容词修饰不定代词用法例析
There is ______ with my computer. It doesn’t work.（2003年广东中考题）
A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. something wrong
【精析】修饰不定代词的形容词应放在被修饰词的后面，故排除选项C；anything用于否定句和疑问句，又排除选项B，根据句意又可排除选项A。
【答案】D
例句解析
1．I don't have enough money.我没有足够的钱。
Their school days are busy enough.他们的学校生活已经够忙了。
以上两个句子都是从本单元摘抄下来的，都有enough，但位置不一样。这是因为enough是一个兼类词，它既可作形容词，又可作副词。
（1）作形容词，修饰名词，在句中作定语，既可放在被修饰名词的前面，也可以放在被修饰名词的后面。如：
We don't have enough time.＝We don't have time enough.我们没有足够的时间。
（2）作副词，修饰形容词或副词，在句中作状语，修饰形容词或副词时应置于被修饰词的后面。如：
He is old enough to go to school.他够上学的年龄了。
2．What's wrong?怎么啦？
（1）What's wrong?意为“怎么了”、“出了什么事”，相当于What's up?或What's the matter?
（2）要表示“某人或某物怎么了”，则用What's wrong with…？和What's the matter with…？如：
What's wrong with his car?＝What's the matter with his car?他的车怎么了？
3．I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.我需要弄点钱去夏令营。
（1）need在此意为“需要”，是行为动词，后接名词或不定式，有人称、数和时态的变化。如：
She needs some help.她需要帮助。
You don't need to come so early.你不必来这么早。
（2）pay for意为“为……付钱”、“付款”。如：
I paid for the book.书的钱我已付了。
I paid 10 yuan for the book.我花了10元钱买那本书。
4．Everyone else in my class was invited except me.班上除了我以外，每一位都受到了邀请。
everyone else意为“其他的每一个人”。else意为“别的，其他的”，一般只用于修饰不定代词和疑问词，且else要后置。如：
What else do you want?你还要其他的什么吗？
other也有“别的，其他的”的意思，后面一般跟可数名词的复数。如：What else can you see?＝What other things can you see?你还能看见其他的什么吗？
5．The tired children don't get home until 7 pm.这些疲乏的孩子直到晚上七点才到家。
（1）not…until…意为“直到……才……”，表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词是非持续性的动词。如：
I won't leave until you come back.直到你回来我才会离开。
（2）until用于肯定句时意为“直到”，主句的谓语动词必须是持续性的。如：
He waits until the children are asleep.他一直等到孩子们睡着。
（3）主句是将来时态，以until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。如：
I'll stay here until he comes back.我要呆在这儿一直到他回来。
I won't leave until he comes back.直到他回来我才会走。
典型例题解析
1.Miss Green didn’t tell us________in 2002.（2004·北京市中考题）
A. where does she live B. where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
赏析：本题主要考查宾语从句的时态和语序。在宾语从句中，如果主句用了过去时态，从句也用过去时，A、B选项不符合语法要求，排除；从句是疑问句的，用陈述语序，C选项是疑问语序，不正确。
答案：D
2.Mrs Jenny gave us________on how to learn English well.
（2004·天津市中考题）
A. some advices B. many advices
C. some advice D. an advice
赏析：advice是不可数名词，不能有复数形式，故A、B选项排除；不可数名词前不能加不定冠词a（an），D选项不正确。
答案：C
3.Nlne________pounds a week? That’s very good.（2004·河北省中考题）
赏析：hundred，thousand，million前如果有具体的数词，则这些词只能用单数形式，不能用复数形式；当hundred，thousand，million与of连用时，这些词必须用复数形式。
A. hundred of B. hundreds of
C. hundreds D. hundred
答案：D
4.—Why don’t you have a notebook with you?
—I’ve________it at home.（2004·烟台市中考题）
A. lost B. forgotten
C. left D. found
赏析：习惯上把某物忘在某地，英语为leave sth. in（at）somewhere，而不使用forget。根据句意及该句时态，只能是过去分词的left。
答案：C
5.Remember to________the lights before you leave the job.（2004·沈阳市中考题）
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn up D. turn down
赏析：所给四个选项意义不同，turn on意为“打开”；turn off意为“关上”；turn up意为“开大”；turn down意为“开小、调低”。根据句意，不工作时，应该是关灯。
答案：B
例题解析
【例 1】Most of his knowledge about space is from the books he ________ from the library.
A．lent B．borrowed C．returned
精析 lend意为“借出”，borrow意为“借进”，return意为“归还”。根据句意，应填borrowed，表示“他从图书馆借的书”。
答案 B
【例 2】I ________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A．borrowed B．have borrowed
C．kept D．have kept
精析 borrow是瞬间动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。keep意为“保持，保留”，表示借一段时间，为延续动词。结合下句来看，应为现在完成时，表示对现在的影响。
答案 D
【例 3】You ________ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A．needn't to come B．don't need come
C．don't need coming D．needn't come
精析 此题考查need的用法。need既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。作情态动词时，后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句；作实义动词时，既可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，后接动词时通常用不定式。表示“不需要来”，可说needn't come或don't need to come。
答案 D
【例 4】She was ill last week. But she is ________ to go to school today.
A．well enough B．enough well
C．enough good D．good enough
精析 指“身体好”应用形容词well, enough修饰形容词时要放在形容词之后。
答案 A
【例 5】There is ________ with my computer. It doesn't work.
A．nothing wrong B．anything wrong
C．wrong something D．something wrong
精析 修饰不定代词的形容词应放在被修饰词的后面，故排除选项C；anything用于否定句和疑问句，又排除选项B；根据句意又可排除选项A。
答案 D
【例 6】 我可以借你的钢笔吗？
误：May I borrow you a pen?
正：May I borrow your pen?
正：May I borrow a pen from you?
精析 要表示向某人借某物，通常用borrow sth. from sb.而不用borrow sb. sth.，即borrow一般不接双宾语。
【例 7】 珍妮不去，彼得也不去。
误：Jean won't go and Peter won't go, too.
正：Jean won't go and Peter won't go, either.
精析 too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。
【例 8】 除了我以外，所有人都收到了请柬。
误：Everyone except for me got an invitation.
正：Everyone except me got an invitation.
精析 except for用来谈论不同类的东西，except用来谈论同类东西。
单项选择
（ ）1. Our teacher wants us ______ at school on Mondays.
A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed
（ ）2. We could give him a ticket ______ a ball game.
A. to B. of C. in D. at
（ ）3. I think you should ______ your parents ______ some money.
A. ask, for B. asked, of C. asking, for D. asked, from
（ ）4. Bettina could ______ a club.
A. join in B. join C. joined in D. joined
（ ）5. Maybe you should ______.
A. call up him B. call him up C. call on him D. call him in
（ ）6. They are ______ my friends’ clothes.
A. the same as B. as the same C. as same D. same as
（ ）7. The woman has to ______ her daughter at English lessons.
A. drop of B. drop to C. drop off D. dropped
（ ）8. You should try to be ______.
A. fun B. funny C. funy D. funning
（ ）9. I don’t know ______ my ID card is.
A. which B. where C. whose D. when
（ ）10. They are good friends. They ______.
A. go on well B. get on C. get on well D. get on with
（ ）11. Who argued ______ your best friend?
A. with B. about C. under D. beside
（ ）12. Your watch doesn’t work. What’s wrong ______ it?
A. about B. matter C. with D. within
（ ）13. I’m afraid there is ______ for all of us in the room.
A. not many room B. no rooms C. no enough rooms D. not enough room
（ ）14. Kate won the ______ race in the summer sports meeting.
A. 100-metre B. 100-metres C. 100 metre D. 100 metres
（ ）15. —Can I talk to you for a minute?
—Sure. I have ______ time.
A. a few B. little C. few D. a little
答案：
1. B want sb. to do sth.要某人做某事
2. A a ticket to…一张……的票
3. A ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物
4. B join a club参加俱乐部活动
5. B call up打电话，代词作宾语只中不后。
6. A the same as像……一样
7. C 8. B 形容词作表语 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. C
13. D room在此意为“空间、位置”，不是可数名词。
14. A 100-metre为合成词，作定语时名词用单数。
15. D a little为肯定意义，修饰不可数名词。
新目标英语八年级下Unit 2 What should I do? 单元总结课的教学资料
（一）本单元语言目标：
1. 谈论在学校和家庭中遇到的种种麻烦和问题。
2. 为他人找到合理的解决办法，提出相应的建议。
3. 为自己的问题找到解决办法。
（二）重点单词：
1. play v. 播放 2. loud adj. 高声的；大声的 3. argue v. 争论，争吵 4. wrong adj. 错误的；有毛病的；不适合的 5. could v. can的过去式 6. ticket n. 票，入场券
7. surprise v. 使惊奇；使意外 8. other adj. 任一的；（两方中的）每一方的
9. except prep. 除；把......除外 10. fail v. 失败 11. football n. 足球
12. until prep. 到......为止 13. fit v. 适合，适应 14. include v. 包括；包含
15. send v. 发送，寄 16. themselves pron. 他们自己（反身代词）
（三）重点词组：
1. keep out不让......进入
2. out of style不时髦的；过时的
3. call sb. up打电话给......
4. pay for付款
5. ask for要求
6. the same as与......同样的
7. in style时髦的；流行的
8. get on相处；进展
9. as much as possible尽可能多
10. all kinds of各种；许多
11. on the one hand, ......（在）一方面，......
12. on the other hand, ......另一方面，......
（四）重点句型：
1. What should I do?
我应该怎么做？
2. You could write him a letter.
你可以写信给他。
3. What should he do?
他应该怎么做？
4. Maybe he should say he's sorry.
也许他应该说抱歉。
5. What should they do?
他们应该怎么做？
6. They shouldn't argue.
他们不应该争吵。
（五）重点语法：
情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为"应该......"。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。
在这个单元中我们还学到用"could"表示建议，这时could不是can的过去式，而表示比should更加委婉的建议。
--- I need some money to pay for the summer camp.
---- You should/ could borrow some money from your brother.
（六）知识点讲解：
1. I don't have enough money.
我没有足够的钱。
enough：adj.充足的、充分的，在句子中可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语。
eg. Do you have enough time?
Six pieces of paper will be enough.
2. I argued with my best friend.我与我最好的朋友吵架了。
argue with sb.意为"与......争吵，争论"
eg. He often argue with his classmates.
3. My clothes are out of style.
我的衣服过时了。
be out of style / fashion表示"过时""不合乎时尚"
反义词是"be in fashion"表示"合乎时尚"
eg. He is aways in fashion.
The sofa is out of style, and I don't like it.
4. Maybe you should call him up.
（1）maybe是副词，用来表示推测，译为"也许，或许，大概"。
eg. Maybe you are right.
Maybe they will go out for a walk.
maybe不同于may be。maybe是一个词，是副词，may be是情态动词may加上动词原形be，意为"或许"，后接形容词、名词、代词等。
eg. It may be true.
He may be the man we are looking for.
（2）call sb up .打电话给某人
eg. I called up Zhang Hong at eight o'clock.
原句中him为代词，所以放在call和up之间，不能说成call up him。
eg. I'll call her up this afternoon.
Could you ask him to call me, please.在这个句子中，省略up。
5. I don't want to surprise him.
我不想使他惊讶。
在这句话中surprise是个行为动词，可以说成"surprise sb."，表示"使......惊讶"。
eg. The news surprises us greatly.
surprised adj.惊讶的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的
eg. I'm surprised to hear the news.
It's a surprising gift, and I love it.
6. No, he doesn't have any money, either.
不，他也没有钱。
either的用法：用作副词，用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气，表示"也"，"而且"。
eg. He doesn't like singing, and he doesn't like dancing, either.
either用作代词时，常表示"两者之中任何一个"，常与短语连用或用作宾语。
eg. Either of them will agree with you.
I don't like either of the books.
7. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.
我需要一些钱支付夏令营。
（1）need是个情态动词，也可以是行为动词。
▲当它是情态动词时，后边直接加行为动词，表示"需要"，但need作情态动词时一般不用于肯定句。它一般用于否定句和疑问句中，例如：
①You need not meet him.你不必见他。
②Need I repeat it?我有必要重复它吗？
对上一句的简略回答为：Yes, you need. No, you needn't.
▲此外情态动词must提问时，否定回答时为No, ... needn't。
例如：Must he finish the homework now?
Yes, he must. No, he needn't.
当need作行为动词时，同其他行为动词一样对待，need后加不定式为"need to do"。
例如：I need to finish the work.
变为疑问句时，不能像它作情态动词时直接提前，而要加助动词do/ does/ did等，例如：
He needs to write many words.
改成一般问句：Does he need to write many words?
他需要写许多字吗？
Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
（2）（sb.）pay（money）for sth.为......而付款
（sb.）spend（money）on sth在......上花多少钱
（sth.）cost sb.（money）什么东西值多少钱
这三个短语都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是"人"，主语为人，而cost指的是"物"，主语为"物"。
例如说他昨天花10元买了一本书。用以上三个短语分别为：
①He paid 10 yuan for the book yesterday.
②He spent 10 yuan on the book yesterday.
③The book cost him 10 yuan yesterday.
注意以上三个动词的动词过去式为：
pay---paid spend ---- spent cost----cost
以上三个例句的翻译为：
①他昨天为这本书付了10元钱。
②他昨天花了10元钱（买）这本书。
③这本书花了他10元钱。
Unit 2考题回顾及解析
一、按要求写出下列词的各种形式
1.serious（副词）
解析：seriously 形容词加上ly可变成与之相对应的副词，所以serious+ly。
2.argument（动词）
解析：argue argue去掉e加名词后缀ment构成argument。
3.teen（全写形式）
解析：teenager
4.trendy（同义词）
解析：fashion trendy和fashion都有“时髦的，时尚的”的意思。
5.lose（过去式）
解析：lost lose是一个不规则的动词，它的过去式、过去分词都是lost。
6.fought（原形）
解析：fight fight是一个不规则动词，它的过去式、过去分词都是fought。
7.exhausted（名词）
解析：exhaustion
8.push（形容词）
解析：pushy pushy 莽撞的，固执己见的。
9.pressure（动词）
解析：press
10.stress（同义词）
解析：pressure stress和pressure都有“压力”的意思。
二、根据要求改写句子
1.What’s wrong with you?（改为同义句）
with you?
解析：What’s the matter 你怎么了？可以用
等。
2.He should say he’s sorry.（改为否定句）
He he’s sorry.
解析：shouldn’t say should在这里是情态动词，变否定句在后面直接加not即可。
3.I spent 1 000 yuan on the picture.（改为同义句）
The picture 1 000 yuan.
解析：cost me 表达“花费”时，可以说sb.spend...on sth.，也可说sth.cost sb....
4.You should have a good sleep.（对划线部分提问）
you ?
解析：What should，do 提问你应该干什么。
5.You should tell him to get different clothes.（改为同义句）
You him to get the same clothes.
解析：should tell，not 利用反义词different和same，改为not the same即可。
三、阅读理解
Little Tom likes cartoons（动画片） very much.When the cartoons begin on TV，he does nothing until they’re
over.Sometimes he’d rather（宁可） wait for a long time and go to bed late.In the morning his mother has to wake him up，or he’ll be late for school.
Yesterday Tom heard there would be an interesting cartoon today.This morning，as soon as he got up，he turned on the television，but he didn’t see the programme（节目） on it.He had to have breakfast and then go to school.After school he ran home to watch his television again，but he couldn t find the cartoon.He rushed into the kitchen and asked his mother for help.
“It’s only five now，” said the woman.“Your programme will be after supper.”
“Well，let’s have supper right now!”
1.Tom goes to bed late sometimes，so .
A.he’s late for school
B.he goes to school by bus
C.he can’t wake himself up in the morning
D.he has to go to school without（没有）breakfast
解析：C 从文中第一自然段可知。
2.Tom spends（花费）much time when he’s free.
A.playing football
B.watching football matches on TV
C.doing his homework
D.watching cartoons on TV
解析：D 从文中第一自然段的第三句可知。
3. ，so he turned on the television after getting up this morning.
A.Tom thought he had some time left
B.Tom didn’t know when the cartoon would begin
C.Tom wanted to know the important news
D.Tom hoped to watch a TV play
解析：B 从文中第二自然段的第二句可知。
4.Tom was afraid ，so he ran home.
A.to miss the interesting cartoon
B.to miss the last bus
C.he would be hungry
D.he had little time to finish his homework
解析：A 这是一个推理题，他放学后跑回家的原因是他怕错过了那部有趣的动画片。
5.Tom thought .
A.supper should be ready
B.his mother’s watch was slow
C.the cartoon would begin as soon as he finished supper
D.his mother cooked supper too late
解析：C 从文中最后两个自然段可知。
Unit 2固定短语与重点句型
Section A
固定短语
1． Argue with sb 与某人争吵
2． Out of / in style 过时 / 时髦
3． Want sb to do sth 想要某人去做某事
4． Write sb a letter / write to sb给某人写信
5． Call sb up 给某人打电话 =ring sb up =phone sb
6． Give sb sth / give sth to sb 给某人某物
7． Talk about sth 谈论关于某事
8． Enough money 足够多的钱（enough修饰名词置于名词前；修饰形容词置于其后，big enough）
9． Ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
10.Borrow sth form sb 从某人处借入某物（主语借入）
11.Lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人（主语借出）
12.Need to do sth 需要去做某事
13.stay at home 待在家里
14.on the phone 用电话交谈，在通话
15.pay for付???的帐；付买???的钱
16.get a part-time job 找到一份兼职工作
17.the same as 和???一样
18.either/too/also 也?? (either用于否定句句末;too用于肯定句句末;also用于系动词,助动词后实义动词前)
19.any/some (any用于疑问句,否定句中; some 用于肯定句中)
重点句型
1． What’s wrong ?= what’s the matter ? 怎么了?
2． What should I do ? 我应该做什么?
Section B
固定短语
1. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事
2. find out 找出,查明
3. plan sth for sb 为某人计划某事
4. everyone else 其余每个人(else修饰不定代词置于其后)
5. leave sth at home 把某物落在家中 (强调把某物放于某处)
6. forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 (强调忘记的物品或事情)
重点句型
1. My best friend is more popular than me .我最好的朋友比我更受欢迎.
例:李明比刘力外向的多.(形容词比较级的结构:主语+谓语+形比+than+比较对象)
2. I am very upset and don’t know what to do 我非常沮丧并不知道该做什么.
Self chek
1. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去做某事
2. be angry with sb / to sth 对某人 / 某事生气
3. get on well with 与某人相处的好
4. have a fight with sb 和某人打架
5. busy enough 足够繁忙(enough修饰形容词置于其后)
6. complain about sth 抱怨某人
7. take part in 参加~~（加入某个活动，并在其中负责任）join（参加某个团体，并成为其中一员）
8. send sb to ~ 送某人去某地
9. compare A with B 比较A和B
10. on the one hand / on the other hand 一方面,另一方面
11. from???to??? 从???到???
12. take???to??? 带???到???
13. it’s time for ??? 该到做某事的时间了
14. be like 和???像
15. too much pressure 太多的压力（too much+不可数名词）
16. as???as possible 尽可能???
17. fit???into??找到时间（做某事）
1．The tired children don’t get home until 7:PM .这个疲惫的孩子直到下午七点才回家
(~~ not ~~ until 直到~~才~~)
直到我起床,才看到他的信息. ：直到他做完家务才休息
2．.They might find it difficult to plan things for themselves他们或许发现为他们自己计划事情太困难了
我发现要做好一项工作是艰难的.
他认为要解决这个问题是很容易的
3．I don’t know what to do
4．Could you please give me some advice?
“直到”你学会until“为止”
until是中考英语试题中常考的词汇之一，它既可以用作介词，又可用作连词。作介词时，后面要接具体的时刻；作连词用时，后面要接时间状语从句。在使用时要注意以下几点：
一、在含有until引导的时间状语从句中，如果句子（主句）的谓语动词是非持续性动词（即动作一会儿就结束的动词），如：come，go，leave，begin，start，finish等，那么这个句子（主句）常常要用否定式，表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生。not．．．until．．．意为“直到……才……”。例如：
She didn't go to bed until she finished her homework．她直到做完作业，才去睡觉。
二、在含有until引导的时间状语从句中，如果句子（主句）的谓语动词是延续性动词（即动作可以延续一段时间的动词），如：work，live，stay，study，play，wait等，那么这个句子（主句）常常用肯定式，表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。这时until可译作“直到……为止”。例如：
I'll work until he tells me to stop．我会一直工作到他叫我停下来为止。
但也用否定式，表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生。not．．．until．．．意为“直到……才……”。注意它与肯定式的区别：
I listen to the radio until my father came back. 我一直听收音机直到我爸爸回来。
I didn’t listen to the radio until my father came back. 我直到我爸爸回来才听收音机。
三、until用作连词引导时间状语从句时，从句表示的动作如果还没有发生，习惯上也要用一般现在时而不用一般将来时，也就是说当主句用一般将来时（或主句是祈使句时），until引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时。例如：
Don't leave until we come back．在我们回来之前，不要离开。
We won't go home until the rain stops．我们要直到雨停了才回家。
现在，大家该了解until的用法了吧。
词汇填空
根据汉语提示或首字母提示，补全所缺单词，每空一词。
1. Tom likes watching TV. I like watching TV as w______.
2. We go to work every day e______ Sunday.
3. That is your o______ bike.
4. I need some m______ to buy gifts for my family.
5. Teenagers aren’t allowed to go to an a______ movie.
6. Back Ham is a g______ in football.
7. They will have a meeting to a______.
8. His ______（音响）is ______ ______ ______（过时的）.
9. Yesterday Tom ______ ______（和……争吵）his sister.
10. You should ______ ______（打电话给）Li Ming, because he will be late.
11. The book is very dear, I can’t ______ ______（为……付款）it.
12. I’ve no money, he doesn’t have any money, ______.（也）
Key: 1. well as well相当too，用于句尾。
2. except except意为“除……以外”。
3. own own意为“自己的”。
4. money 需要钱买礼物，money为不可数名词。
5. adult 青少年不允许看成人电影。
6. genius 贝克汉姆是个足球天才。
7. attend “参加会议”用动词attend。
8. stereo, out of style 9. argued with 10. call up 11. pay for 12. either
新目标八年级下册第二单元重点知识小结
一、 易混词语
question-problem other-else
may be-maybe-perhaps either-too-also
except-besides borrow…from…-lend…to…
alone-lonely pay for-spend…on…-take
二、 常用词组
1. pay for
2. summer camp
3. borrow…from…
4. have a bake sale
5. find out
6. be angry with
7. get on well
8. do one’s homework
9. have a fight with
10. after-school activities
11. as much as possible
12. complain about
13. take part in
14. all kinds of
15. compare…with…
16. on the one hand
17. on the other hand
18. by oneself
19. be important to
20. fit int
三、 重点句子
1. What should I do?
2. What do you think of your advice?
3. What is important to you?
4. Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
5. My friend is angry with me.
6. You should tell him to get different clothes.
7. It’s time for homework.
8. Parents see other children doing a lot of things.
9. These children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older.
10. They need time to do things by themselves.
11. The tired children don’t get home until 7 pm.
四、 语言语法
谈论问题，提供建议（should的用法）
Unit 2 What should I do?
（一）本单元语言目标：
1. 谈论在学校和家庭中遇到的种种麻烦和问题。
2. 为他人找到合理的解决办法，提出相应的建议。
3. 为自己的问题找到解决办法。
（二）重点单词：
1. play v. 播放 2. loud adj. 高声的；大声的
3. argue v. 争论，争吵 4. wrong adj. 错误的；有毛病的；不适合的
5. could v. can的过去式 6. ticket n. 票，入场券
7. surprise v. 使惊奇；使意外 8. other adj. 任一的；（两方中的）每一方的
9. except prep. 除；把……除外 10. fail v. 失败
11. football n. 足球 12. until prep. 到……为止
13. fit v. 适合，适应 14. include v. 包括；包含
15. send v. 发送，寄 16. themselves pron.
他们自己（反身代词）
（三）重点词组：
1. keep out不让……进入
2. out of style不时髦的；过时的
3. call sb. up打电话给……
4. pay for付款
5. ask for要求
6. the same as与……同样的
7. in style时髦的；流行的
8. get on相处；进展
9. as much as possible尽可能多
10. all kinds of各种；许多
11. on the one hand, ……（在）一方面，……
12. on the other hand, ……另一方面，……
（四）重点句型：
1. What should I do?
我应该怎么做？
2. You could write him a letter.
你可以写信给他。
3. What should he do?
他应该怎么做？
4. Maybe he should say he’s sorry.
也许他应该说抱歉。
5. What should they do?
他们应该怎么做？
6. They shouldn’t argue.
他们不应该争吵。
（五）重点语法：
情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为“应该……”。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。
在这个单元中我们还学到用“could”表示建议，这时could不是can的过去式，而表示比should更加委婉的建议。
--- I need some money to pay for the summer camp.
---- You should/ could borrow some money from your brother.
（六）知识点讲解：
1. I don’t have enough money.
我没有足够的钱。
enough：adj.充足的、充分的，在句子中可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语。
eg. Do you have enough time?
Six pieces of paper will be enough.
2. I argued with my best friend.我与我最好的朋友吵架了。
argue with sb.意为“与……争吵，争论”
eg. He often argue with his classmates.
3. My clothes are out of style.
我的衣服过时了。
be out of style / fashion表示“过时”“不合乎时尚”
反义词是“be in fashion”表示“合乎时尚”
eg. He is aways in fashion.
The sofa is out of style, and I don’t like it.
4. Maybe you should call him up.
（1）maybe是副词，用来表示推测，译为“也许，或许，大概”。
eg. Maybe you are right.
Maybe they will go out for a walk.
maybe不同于may be。maybe是一个词，是副词，may be是情态动词may加上动词原形be，意为“或许”，后接形容词、名词、代词等。
eg. It may be true.
He may be the man we are looking for.
（2）call up sb.打电话给某人
eg. I called up Zhang Hong at eight o’clock.
原句中him为代词，所以放在call和up之间，不能说成call up him。
eg. I’ll call her up this afternoon.
Could you ask him to call me, please.在这个句子中，省略up。
5. I don’t want to surprise him.
我不想使他惊讶。
在这句话中surprise是个行为动词，可以说成“surprise sb.”，表示“使……惊讶”。
eg. The news surprises us greatly.
surprised adj.惊讶的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的
eg. I’m surprised to hear the news.
It’s a surprising gift, and I love it.
6. No, he doesn’t have any money, either.
不，他也没有钱。
either的用法：用作副词，用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气，表示“也”，“而且”。
eg. He doesn’t like singing, and he doesn’t like dancing, either.
either用作代词时，常表示“两者之中任何一个”，常与短语连用或用作宾语。
eg. Either of them will agree with you.
I don’t like either of the books.
7. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.
我需要一些钱支付夏令营。
（1）need是个情态动词，也可以是行为动词。
▲当它是情态动词时，后边直接加行为动词，表示“需要”，但need作情态动词时一般不用于肯定句。它一般用于否定句和疑问句中，例如：
①You need not meet him.你不必见他。
②Need I repeat it?我有必要重复它吗？
对上一句的简略回答为：Yes, you need. No, you needn’t.
▲此外情态动词must提问时，否定回答时为No, ... needn’t。
例如：Must he finish the homework now?
Yes, he must. No, he needn’t.
当need作行为动词时，同其他行为动词一样对待，need后加不定式为“need to do”。
例如：I need to finish the work.
变为疑问句时，不能像它作情态动词时直接提前，而要加助动词do/ does/ did等，例如：
He needs to write many words.
改成一般问句：Does he need to write many words?
他需要写许多字吗？
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
（2）（sb.）pay（money）for sth.为……而付款
（sb.）spend（money）on sth在……上花多少钱
（sth.）cost sb.（money）什么东西值多少钱
这三个短语都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是“人”，主语为人，而cost指的是“物”，主语为“物”。
例如说他昨天花10元买了一本书。用以上三个短语分别为：
①He paid 10 yuan for the book yesterday.
②He spent 10 yuan on the book yesterday.
③The book cost him 10 yuan yesterday.
注意以上三个动词的动词过去式
pay–––paid spend –––– spent cost––––cost
以上三个例句的翻译为：
①他昨天为这本书付了10元钱。
②他昨天花了10元钱（买）这本书。
③这本书花了他10元钱。
（七）课文解析SB 3a
Dear Mary,
I have a problem, and I need your help. I always thought I was popular at
school. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for
my best friend, and they didn’t invite me. Everyone else in my class was invited
except me, and I don’t know why. I can’t think what I did wrong. I’m very upset
and don’t know what to do. What do you think? Can you help me?
Yours,
Lonely Kid
1. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my
best friend.
但是我刚刚发现我的朋友们已在为我最好的朋友计划一个生日聚会。
①found是find过去式
find out意为“找出”，“发现”，“查出（真相）”
find和find out都有发现的意思，二者的语义差别是：find往往指凭一时的直接感觉或偶然发现，而find
out则需经一番努力后发现出来，有“查明，弄清”的意思。
eg. He found a bag on the chair.
Please find out when the train will leave.
②“were planning”过去进行时，过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。
eg. What were you doing at nine last night?
It was raining hard when I left my office.
过去进行时动词变化 （现在分词）
eg. When I was cleaning the windows, my brother was sleeping.
2. Everyone else in my class was invited except me, and I don’t know why.
①else修饰不定代词（something, everything, somebody, anybody等），疑问代词（who, which,
whom等）和疑问副词（when, where等），要用在这些词后面，译为“别的”。
eg. What else can you do?
Is there anything else you don’t you.
②except是介词，表示“除了……”，“除了我”译为“except me”。except强调“除去”（后边跟的人或物不包含在里边）。
eg. Except Li Ming, there are forty-five students in the class.
The class went to the aquarium except me.
3. I don’t know what to do.
我不知道做什么？
What to do是疑问句加不定式结构，在句中做宾语，这种结构经常放在tell, show, teach, forget, find
out等词后作宾语。
eg. I forgot what to do next.
The teacher showed us what to do with it.
（八）阅读解析
Life for Cathy Taylor’s three children is very busy. Their school days are
busy enough. After school, though, Cathy takes the two boys from football to
basketball. Then she has to take her daughter to piano lessons. The tired
children don’t get home until 7 pm. They have a quick supper, and it’s time for
homework.
The Taylors are like many American and British parents. They take their
children from activity to activity, and try to fit as much as possible into
their kids’ lives. Doctors say many children are under too much pressure.
Teachers complain about teaching tired kids in the classroom.
Most children take part in after-school clubs. Activities include sports,
language learning, music, and math classes. Pushy parents are nothing new, but
now parents seem to push their children a lot more. Parents see other children
doing a lot of things, and they feel their own children should do the same.
Linda Miller, a mother of three in London, knows all about such pressure.
“In some families, competition starts from a very young age,”she says. “Mothers
send their kids to all kinds of classes when they are very young. And they are
always comparing them with other children. It’s crazy. People shouldn’t push
their kids so hard.”
Dr Alice Green agrees. She also says that these children may find it hard to
think for themselves when they are older. “Parents are trying to plan their
kids’ lives for them. When these kids are adults, they might find it difficult
to plan things for themselves.”Parents should learn to give their kids a bit
more time to themselves. On the one hand, children need organized activities. On
the other hand, they also need time and freedom to relax, and they need time to
do things by themselves.
Unit 2 What should I do?综合辅导
too loud 太大声 out of style 过时的
in style 流行的 call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给…..打电话
enough money 足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)
busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)
a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票
注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格
talk about 谈论
on the phone 用电话
pay for 付款
spend…on +sth.=spend...( in) doing sth. 在…花钱
It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花…的时间
borrow …from 从….借( 借进来)
lend…to 把…借给（借出去）
You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow或lend）
buy sth for sb 为……买东西
tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth 告诉某人做某事
want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事
find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白
play one’s stereo 放录象
fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格
fail in (doing) sth… 在...上失败,变弱
succeed in (doing) sth 在...方面成功
write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信
surprise sb. 使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是…..
to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是…..
look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）
get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）
ask sb. for… 寻求/向某人要某物
have a bake sale 卖烧烤
argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵
have a fight with sb.=fight with 与某人打架
drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去
prepare for…=get ready for… 为…做准备
after-school clubs(activities) 课外俱乐部（活动）
be/get used to doing 习惯做某事
used to do 过去经常/常常做某事
be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
fill… up 填补；装满… be full of装满
return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人
get on /along well with 与…相处很好
all kinds of 各种各样
as much as possible=as much as you can 尽可能多
take part in=join in 参加（某种活动/集会）
a bit =a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）
a bit of =a little 一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）
be angry with… 生…的气
by oneself=on one’s own 某人自己/独自地
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
I find/feel/think it difficult to do... 我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.
see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/听见/注视某人正在做…
not…until 直到…才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）
表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:
be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed
说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）
例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.
53 radio advice program 电台提建议的节目
54 be original 新颖的
55. leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某处
56 sports clothes 运动服
57. the same age as=as old as 和--- 年龄一样
58. the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子
59. complain about (doing sth) 抱怨、、、
60.take their children from activity to activity 带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动
61.try to do sth, 尽量干某事 try doing sth 试着干某事
62.be under too much pressure 压力太大
63.a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈
64.take part in after-school clubs 参加课后俱乐部
65.compepition starts from a very young age 竞争从很小年纪就开始了
66.compare…with 和---比较
67.organized activities 有组织的活动
本单元目标句型：
What’s wrong(with you)?/What’s the matter? What should I do? 我该怎么办
You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信 .You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.
They shouldn’t argue. 他们不应该争吵.J
Why don’t you talk to him about it? =Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it. =What/How about talking to him about it.=You’d better talk to him about it.
The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.
Activities include sports, language learning, music and math classes.
Thirty people, including six children (six children included), went to visit the factory.
People shouldn’t push their children so hard.
Parents are trying to plan their kids’ lives for them. When these kids are adults, they might find t difficult to plan things for themselves.
Unit 2 What should I do? 单元目标、重难点分析、 检测练习及答案
【单元目标】
1．单词与短语
stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset
want sb. to do sth.
play one’s stereo
stay at home
argue with sb / have an argument with sb.
be out of style
write sb a letter/write to
talk about
on the phone
surprise sb.
pay for
get a part-time job
borrow sth. from sb.
ask sb. for…
have a bake sale
find out
be upset
call… up
the same as
get on well with sb.
return sth.
have a fight with sb.
from…to…
drop off
prepare for
after-school clubs
be used to
fill up
take the middle road
2．目标句型：
1. What should I do?
2. Why don’t you….?
3. You could …
4. You should…
5. You shouldn’t….
3．语法
情态动词的用法 Ⅰ
【重难点分析】
情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ
* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。
* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情态动词的时态关系：
1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could
2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might
3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should
4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would
5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must （常用had to来代替）
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：
1. He can't be at home. (否定句)
他不可能在家。
2. Can the news be true ? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)
这消息可能是真的吗?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性)
任何人都可能犯错误。
（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生)
明天可能会下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测)
今天下午可能会下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能)
你可能是对的。
（3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：
1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会)
我想他现在一定好了。
2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是)
那肯定是他母亲。
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)
他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。
（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be )
总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be)
那准是Sam 和他的母亲。
（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定)
这肯定对你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事)
所有的人一定会死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake ? (mustn't 多用于疑问句)
那肯定会有错误吗？
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：
1. Can I go with you ? (请求)
我能跟你一起走吗？
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可)
爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转)
我可以问你一件事吗？
（2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office ? (表示客气请求)
请问到邮局怎么走？
2. Would you give me your address ? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)
请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？
（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk?
我们谈谈好吗？
2. What should we do next ? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气)
下一步我们该怎么做？
3. Shall he come to see you ? (用于第三人称疑问句)
要不要他来看你？
（4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可)
你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转)
是否请给我读一读这故事。
3.May I make a suggestion?
我可以提个建议吗？
4. Might I take a look of your work?
我看看您的大作行吗？
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)
你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。
（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可)
此地不准停车。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
检测练习：
一．选择填空：
1. I ________ home until I finish my homework.
A. won’t go B. will go C. go D. went
2. I don’t know if she _________ tomorrow, if she _______, I’ll call you.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
3. There ________ more people in the next 5 years.
A. is B. are C. will have D. will be
4. She tried _______ about her journey, but she found it difficult.
A. didn’t to worry B. to not worry
C. not worrying D. not to worry
5. I think ________ food is fried chicken in the USA.
A. more popular B. most popular
C. the most popular D. popular
6. When you go to see your father, please ________ these books to him.
A. bring B. take C. carry D. put
7. His backpack is the same ________ Tom’s.
A. at B. as C. from D. in
8. I argued ________ my good friends yesterday. What should I do?
A. of B. with C. at D. to
9. Han Mei _________ a book from the library a week ago.
A. lent B. returned C. borrowed D. wanted
10. --- What can I do for you, sir?
---I’m ________ a book on history.
A. making out B. finding out C. looking for D. working out
二．用适当的词或词组填空：
more than get on well ask…for
credit except get a part-time job
1. Are you ___________________ with your classmates?
2. There are _________________ three thousand students in our school.
3. He bought all these things on ____________.
4. Why don’t you _________your parents _______ help?
5. Mike always _______________ to pay for his tuition.
三．连词成句：
1. you, should, maybe, parents, ask, help, for, your
_________________________________________________________.
2. want, it, to, on, phone, I, talk, about, the
_________________________________________________________.
3. soccer, popular, is, very, the, world, all, over
_________________________________________________________.
4. have, a, fight, your, with, did, classmate, yesterday, you
_________________________________________________________?
5. pollution, will, there, less, the, in, future, be
_________________________________________________________.
四．阅读理解
What do we know about the sea? Most of us have seen it. We know that it looks very pretty when the sun is shining on it. We also know that it can be less pretty when the weather is terrible. What other things do we know about it? The first thing is that the sea is very big. Look at the map of the world and you’ll find there is less land than sea. The sea covers 3/4 of the world. The sea is very deep in some places. Some parts of the sea are very shallow. At a place near Japan, the sea is nearly 11kilometers deep! If the highest mountain in the world were put into the sea at the place, there would be two kilometers of water above it.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The sea always looks pretty. B. The sea always looks terrible.
C. The sea looks neither pretty nor terrible when it is fine.
D. The sea doesn’t look pretty all the time.
2. What will you find if you look at a map of the world? We’ll find _______.
A. there’s much more water than land B. the sea covers three fourths of the land
C. the land covers one-third of the sea D. the sea was very pretty
3. This passage tells us that ________.
A. the sea is very shallow B. the sea is very deep
C. the sea is neither shallow nor deep
D. the depths of the sea in different places are quite different
4. The word “it” in the last sentence of this passage means ________.
A. the water B. the mountain
C. the sea D. Japan
5. The best title for this passage is ________.
A. The Big Sea B. The Sea And Its Depths
C. Something About The Sea D. Sea And Land
参考答案：
一. 1—5 ACDDC 6—10 BBBCC：
二.
1. getting on well
2. more than
3. credit
4. ask， for
5. gets a part-time job
三.
1. Maybe you should ask your parents for help.
2. I want to talk about it on the phone.
3. Soccer is very popular all over the world.
4. Did you have a fight with your classmate yesterday?
5. There will be less pollution in the future.
四. DADBC
