用一个简单的例子让你掌握英语时态用法
1.一般现在时(表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态、表示客观真理和普遍真理、表示主语的特征和状况)。
I always play football.
I often play football.
I usually play football.
I play football sometimes.
I never play football.
I play football every day.
I play football once a week.
2.现在进行时(表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作) I am playing football now.
I am playing football at 4:30 pm.
I am playing football at this moment.
3.现在完成时(表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果、表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状态)
I have already played football.
I haven’t played football yet.
I have never played football before.
I have played football before.
I have played football for three hours.
I have played football since I was ten years old.(主句用的是现在完
成时,since引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时)
I have played football since I came here.(同上)
I have played football sine 2003.(自从过去某个具体时间以来)
I have played football since two years ago. (自从过去某个具体时间以来)
I have played football in the last fews years.(最近几年中) I have played football recently.(近来)
I have played football lately.(同上)
4.现在完成进行时(表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在,并且预期还要继续进行下去)
I have been playing football for three hours.(我已经踢了3个小时足球了,我现在仍然在踢着足球,而且我还要继续踢下去)
I have been playing football since this morning.(从过去的某一具体时刻开始,直到现在,我都在踢足球,而且现在还没有终止,要继续踢下去)
I have been playing football since I went to school. (自从我上学以来,我就一直在踢足球,直到现在,我仍然在踢足球,而且要继续踢下去)
I have been playing football recently.(近来我一直在踢足球,而且还会继续踢下去)
I have been playing football this morning. (今天上午以来我一直在踢足球,并会继续下去)
5.一般过去时(表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态、表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态)
I played football yesterday. (表示过去的具体时间)
I played football last night. (同上)
I played football just now.( 刚才我在踢足球)
I played football in 2003. (在2003年我踢过足球)
I played football two years ago.(两年前我踢过足球。ago是典型的表示过去某一时刻的时间状语。只要主句中出现ago这个词,就必须用一般过去式。刚才在现在完成时中举的例子I have played football since two years ago.的意思是“自从两年前我开始踢足球,一直踢到现在”,用现在完成时来说明现在的状态是仍然在踢足球,since这个词可以引导一个表示过去的具体时间来做时间状语。而过去时I played football two years ago.的意思是“两年前我踢过足球”只说明过去的动作,和现在的状态是不是在踢足球没有关系,没有用since这个完成时的引导词,完全表示过去发生的动作,所以ago出现在句末而前边又没有since这种完成时的引导词的句子一定要用一般过去时。另注:在过去完成时中,会有这样的句子: I had played football before two years ago. 这里的before 是完成时的时间状语引导词,before two years ago意思是在过去某一时刻的两年前)
6.过去进行时(表示在过去某个特定时间段正在发生的动作)
I was playing football this time yesterday.(昨天的这个时间我正在踢
足球)
I was playing football at that time.(那时候我正在踢足球)
I was playing football from 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm.(下午3点到5点之间我正在踢足球)
I was playing football at 3:00 pm yesterday. (昨天下午3点我正在踢足球)
I was playing football when you came to see me. (when 引导的时间状语从句一般用一般过去时或一般现在时。)
I was playing football while you were going to school. (while引导的时间状语从句一般用过去进行时或现在进行时)
7.过去完成时(表示在过去某一动作或某一时间之前发生的动作,即“过去的过去”)
I had played football by the end of last month.(截止到上个月底我已经踢过足球了)
I had played football before I went to school.(在我上学之前我就踢过足球了)
I had played football when I reached there.(在我到达那里的时候,我已经踢过足球了)
I went to school after I had played football.(我踢过足球后去上学了) No sooner had I played football than I went to school.(我一踢完足球就去上学了)
I had played football when you came back.(你回来的时候我已经踢
过足球了)
I told you that I had played football (我告诉你我踢过足球了)
8.过去完成进行时(现在完成进行时改成过去时态)
I had been playing football until you came back.(我一直在踢足球,直到你回来(我还会继续踢))
I had been playing football before I went to school.(强调在上学之前,我所持续的踢足球的动作)
9. 一般将来时(表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态)
I will play football tomorrow.(表示将来的具体时间)
I will play football in three days.(三天后我将踢足球。in 后边加时间表示多长时间以后,如果是表示:三天内我踢足球要用with引导时间:I will play football within three days.)
I will play football next year.(明年我将踢足球)
I will play football before long.(不久以后我将踢足球)
I will play football by the end of this month.(到这个月底我将踢足球)
I will play football on Sunday. (表示将来的具体一天) 一般将来时的其它表示方法:
I am going to play football this afternoon.(表示按计划、安排要发生的事)
I am about to play football.(be about表示即将做某事,但不与tomorrow这样表示未来的时间状语连用)
I am playing football on Sunday.(用现在进行时表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常与表示未来的时间状语连用)
在if, unless, before, as soon as , when, once, however等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示一般将来时。常用一般过去时表示过去将来时)
If I don’t go to school, I will play football tomorrow.(如果明天不上学,我将踢足球。由if引导的条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示明天要发生的动作)
10. 将来进行时(表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作) I will be playing football on tomorrow morning.
11. 将来完成时(表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响,常与表示将来的时间状语连用)
I will have played football by the end of this week.(截止到这个周末我将已经踢过球了)
I will have played football when you come to see me.到你来看我的时候,我将踢过球了)
12. 将来完成进行时(表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续在将来某一时间并持续下去)
By the end of this year , I will have been playing football for two years.(截止到今年年底,我就已经踢足球两年了)
In another month’s time , I will have been playing football for three months.(再过一个月我就已经踢足球三个月了)
13. 过去将来时(在过去时中表示将来发生的动作)
I would play football next day.
(比较一般将来和过去将来时: I will play football tomorrow.改为过去时:I would play football next day. 两句话的意思都是“明天我将踢足球”一个是在现在时态中发生的,一个是在过去时态中发生的)
14. 过去将来进行时(在过去时中表示将来正在发生的动作)
I would be playing football the next morning.(明天上午我将正在踢足球)
15. 过去将来完成时(在过去时中表示将来完成的时态)
I would have played football the next afternoon.(在过去时中表示:明天下午我就已经踢过足球了)
16. 过去将来完成进行时(在过去时中表示将来正在完成的时态) I would have been playing football the next afternoon.(在过去时中表示:明天下午我就踢过足球了,并且我打算继续踢下去)
特别说明:用play football这个动作来造完成时的句子是不太恰当的,因为play football是个比较短暂的动作。用这个动作目的是为了用最简单的句型I play football来说明各种时态。
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