亲子教育小编语:当小学生开始汉语拼音学习时,也正是开展英语自然拼读法的时候。采编好的资料供有心的老师们和家长们收藏并运用到孩子们的教学上,让孩子们学起英语来如虎添翼。
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(注:如果你的电脑上没有安装YB字体的话,音标看着是不正确的。建议你安装一个音标字体再看音标)。
第一部分:26个字母的发音:
通过学唱一首歌曲《The alphabet song》,轻松掌握26个字母的发音,26个字母的发音要点如下:
1、五个元音字母Aa、Ee、Ii、Oo、Uu有两种发音:
A says [ei] & [?] ;
E says [i:] & [е];
I says [ai] & [i];
O says [?u] & [?];
U says [ju:] & [Λ]
总结归纳:五个元音字母有两种发音,第一种是长音:即字母本身的读音;第二种是短音,通过下列口诀记忆:
五个元音字母发短音的记忆口诀:
Aa for apple [?] [?] [?];
Ee for egg [е] [е] [е];
Ii for is [i] [i] [i];
Oo for orange [?] [?] [?];
Uu for up [Λ] [Λ] [Λ].
2、21个辅音字母的读音中有大部分跟汉语拼音的读音相似,通过歌曲学唱记忆。21个辅音字母的音标如下:
B---[b] C---[k] D----[d] F---[f] G---[g] H---[h]
J----[d?] K---[k] L----[l] M---[m ] N--[n] P---[p]
Q---[kw] R---[r] S---[s] T---[t] V---[v] W---[W]
X---[ks] Y---[j] Z---[z]
3、自然拼音法的拼读方法:和汉语拼音的拼读方法类似,用元音前面的辅音和元音相拼而形成的读音,就是一个音节的读音,再把其他的音加进去。比如:name的音标是[neim],就把[n]和[ei]相拼得到的读音,再加上后面的辅音[m],就得到了这个单词的读音。
4、五个元音字母的发音规律:
以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母+e”结尾的词叫做开音节单词,简称为:以“元辅e”结尾的单词。
以“一个元音字母+一个或两个辅音字母”结尾的单词叫做闭音节单词,简称为“以元辅或元辅辅”结尾的单词。
五个元音字母在开音节单词中读第一种读音:即字母本身的读音;
五个元音字母在闭音节的单词中读第二种读音:即口诀里面的读音。
1)、A 在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[ei],例词如下:
cake bake make take lake wake snake ate date gate hate late plate face race place fade made grade cafe safe name same game tape plane
2)E在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[i:], 例词如下:
theme these
3)、I在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[ai],例词如下:
bike like Nike nice rice ice mice price bite
kite life wife five dive line fine mine nine wine pine hide ride side wide mile pile smile time pipe
4)O在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[?u],例词如下:
nose home bone rose note hole pole rope vote rode zone slope smoke globe
5) U在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[ju:],例词如下:
use cute mute excuse
6) A在闭音节单词中读短音:[?],例词如下:
bag cat cap dad bad fat flat has gas hat map mad lamp rat sat sad glad land and man hand ant can flag back
7) E在闭音节单词中读短音:[е],例词如下:
bed pen get leg let net tell neck desk hen egg wet met pet red next beg bend send help rest well sell left yes
8) I在闭音节单词中读短音:[i],例词如下:
it is in if his sit hill film did swim fish milk pig big ill
9) O在开音节单词中读短音:[?],例词如下:
dog box fox hot not boss fond lot pot lost got job soft frog cock clock cross fog from god golf on off pond
10) U在闭音节单词中读短音:[Λ] ,例词如下:
bus but cut bug hut mug duck cup run nut mum gun fun sun hug rub luck suck must jump plus dust just
总结归纳:五个元音字母在开音节单词中读长音,即字母本身的读音;五个元音字母在闭音节单词中读短音,即口诀里面的读音。简称为:“开长闭短”。
第二部分:辅音字母组合的读音:
在英语中,有一些辅音字母有时候两两组合时,发一些固定的音,这个就叫做辅音字母组合音。熟记下列辅音字母组合的读音:
1、th mouth [θ] thank think three tooth thin thick
2、th clothes [e] this that these those with then than the
3、ch Hh [t∫] chick lunch much French
4、tch Hh [t∫] catch match fetch
5、sh fish [∫] fish ship shot shake shut shall fresh
6、wh what [W] what when which white while
7、wh who [h] who whom whole whose
8、ph Ff [f] phone photo phrase graph
9、ck Kk [k] duck clock chick pick truck quick quack rock sock
10、qu______________ [kw] quick quack
11、ng song [?] song sing long hang thing bring
12、tr tree [tr] tree truck trip track trust
13、dr drink [dr] drink dress drop drive drum drug
14、ts what’s [ts] cats hats gets nuts cuts
15、ds hands [dz] beds birds hands sends lands
16、ful __________[ful] useful beautiful helpful
17、 ing -----------[i ?] sing swing playing going swimming
18、tion ______________[∫? n] nation fiction dictionary
下面几个辅音字母组合在一起时只发其中一个字母的音:
19、kn _______[n] knife knock knit knight
20、wr _______[r] write wrong
21、mb ________[m ] climb bomb numb lamb
22、ge orange [d?] orange bridge fridge
当[s]碰到清辅音时要浊化:
23、st__________[sd] star stand strong story stop stone
24、sp________[sb] sport spoon speak space spell
25、sk___________[sg] skirt school skate ski
26、str__________[sdr] street strong
27、spr__________[sbr] spring
28、scr___________[sgr] screen
第三部分:元音字母组合的发音:
英语中,有一些元音字母组合或者元音字母与辅音字母的固定字母组合常常发一个固定读音,熟记下列字母组合的发音:
1、ou ow out [au] mouth mouse house cloud
cow now town brown
2、oi oy boy [?i] boy toy coin cil boil noise
point voice
3、au aw augh ough all [?:] Agust Paul autumn
saw crawl
taught caught naughty
bought thought
4、al all all [?:] talk walk bald salt chalk
tall wall fall ball small
5、oo _________________[u:] too zoo pool fool moon noon
soon cool room food roof tool
goose school spoon boot tooth
loose shoot troop choose smooth
6、oo_________________ [u] good foot stood wood book cook look took hook
oo字母组合发短音记忆口诀:好脚站在木头上,碰见老K发短音。
7、下列三个字母组合都发作元音字母Aa的读音:[ei]。
ai--------- [ei] rain gain pain tail wait bait train
aim snail maid fail lain e-mail
ay------------[ei] day say way lay gay pay play may
today stay
eigh----------[ei] eight neighbor
8、下列四个字母组合都发作元音字母Ee的读音:[i:]
ee------------[i:] bee see meet tree three week feet
sweet street green queen betwe
screen sleep asleep deep keep
jeep sheep deed feed need greet
speed succeed
ea--------------[i:] tea sea meat bean peach each lean clean maen reach beach easy cheap lead leaf team read leave deal meal real dream teach ideal
steal eat beat teacher heat seat
weak east please speak least jeans
ey------------[i:] key money donkey honey monkey
ie-------------[i:] thief field piece chief
9、下列四个字母组合都发作字母Ii的读音:[ai]
ie--------------[ai] die tie lie pie
备注:ie在词中读[i:];ie在词尾读[ai]。
igh-------------[ai] high might light night knight
ild-------------[ai] wild mild
ind-------------[ai] kind find behind blind
10、下列四个字母组合都发作Oo的读音:[?u]
oa --------------[?u] coat soap boat goat road coal load
ow---------------[?u] know row low grow flow yellow window snow show borrow
old--------------[?u] old gold cold sold
ost--------------[?u] post host most ghost
11、下列两个字母组合都发作Uu的读音:[j u:]
ui-----------[j u:] suit
ew-----------[j u:] new chew stew few
第四部分:R音节的发音:
什么叫R音节?R音节就是五个元音字母a、e、i、o、u和字母r组合在一起时的读音。
ar------------[ɑ:] car bar far barn star bark mark park sars large March
er------------[ ?] father mother sister brother teacher
ir/ur---------[?:] bird girl shirt skirt first thirteen
turn burn curt nurse hurt purse
or------------[?:] for horse sport nor north force oral
morning glory born corn order
ore------------[?:] more bore score before
第五部分:特殊规律的发音:
1、 ea字母组合读作:[e],熟记下列单词:
head bread sweater weather pleasant health already
2、 u、ue、ui在j、r、l、后面时读作[u:],熟记下列单词:
ruler true pollution juice fruit blue glue clue
2、 字母c的两种读音:
C在胖元音a、o、u前面读作[k]:cat cap cost cup cut
C在瘦元音e、i、y前面读作[s]:city cell nice rice
3、 字母g的两种读音:
g在胖元音a、o、u前面读作[g]: gas got goat gum
g在瘦元音e、i、y前面读作[d?]: gym orange cage age page digital bridge judge charge change edge fridge rige geography
4、 字母s的两种读音:
S大部分时候读作[s]: sand sister sun
S夹在两个元音之间时读作[z]: nose use excuse please
5、 字母y的三种读音:
y作辅音字母时,一般位于词首,读作[j]: yes yo-yo yellow
y作元音字母时,有两种读音:
在长单词末尾读作[i]:
daddy mummmy sunny bunny funny baby story glory
dictionary strawberry
在短单词末尾读作[ai]:
why shy fly cry try dry sky spy
第六部分:五个元音字母的弱读:
前面讲的那些发音规律一般是指重读时候的发音规律,五个元音字母有的时候会弱读为[?]或[i],而且大部分时候是弱读为[?],少部分时候弱读为[i]。
1)a在单词中弱读为[?]:
sofa oral panda about around address afford alarm America another banana January salad breakfast dictionary festival
2)e在单词中弱读为[?]:
broken chicken comedy listen parent strawberry student
3)i在单词中弱读为[?]:
April cousin
4)o在单词中弱读为[?]:
broccoli carrot collect favorite history o’clock of bottom chocolate
5)u在单词中弱读为[?]:
August difficult success focus
6)五个元音字母在少数时候弱读为[i]:
chocolate chicken favorite
第七部分:单词的拼读方法和步骤:
第一步:找元音,找出单词中的元音字母或元音字母组合。
第二步:找元音前面的辅音或辅音字母组合。
第三步:两音相拼。
第四步:把其他的音加进去。
第五步:对于双音节单词和多音节单词,注意重读和弱读。
例如:bag pen his not cup
father mother sister brother
第八部分:双音节词和多音节词的音节划分方法:
一般的原则是:元音和元音前面的辅音构成一个音节。如果两个元音之间夹有一个辅音或一个辅音字母组合,则该辅音归后;如果两个元音之间夹有两个辅音,则利用就近原则,各属其一。
例如:辅音归后:river away about alarm along become bedroom
before begin behind beside between birthday body
busy butter cartoon chocolate cinema clever corner cover December farmer festival finish
在两个音节中,如果有两个一样的辅音字母时,只读一个辅音。
例如:bottom cotton correct crossing funny granny hobby hurry
Lesson letter little matter middle merry message mirror office rabbit really sunny supper summer
tennis terrible winner worry
例如:辅音各属其一,即前面的那个辅音属于前面的音节,后面的那个辅音属于后面的那个音节。
basket bathroom biscuit blackboard breakfast broadcast winterfootball husband hospita history London Monday monkey number outside textbook
painting panda picnic public Sydney Thursday
welcome western window windy yesterday
第九部分:认识48个音标:
通过上面的学习,实际上相当于已经很轻松地学完了48个音标,而且不需要通过音标也能轻松地读出大部分单词,做到“见词能读,听音能写”。为了配合目前中小学教材里面需要掌握音标的要求,在这里再把48个音标总结出来,快速认读。
48个英语音标表 (20个元音+28个辅音)
单元音
(12个)
短元音
[i] [?] [?] [u] [Λ] [?] [e]
长元音
[i:] [?:] [?:] [u:] [ɑ:]
双元音(8个)
[ai] [ei] [?i] [au] [?u] [i?] [ ε?] [u?]
清浊成对
的辅音
(10对)
清辅音
[р][t] [k] [f] [?] [s] [tr] [ts] [∫] [t∫]
浊辅音
[b] [d] [g] [v] [e] [z] [dr] [dz] [?] [d?]
其他辅音(8个)
[h] [m ] [n] [?] [l] [r] [w ] [j]
第十部分:利用短小精悍的英文故事、儿歌以及口诀熟练记忆上面的发音规律,达到“见词能读、听音能写”,轻松突破英语学习第一关---单词关。