What can your eyes reveal about your health? Quite a lot - and some things you can see simply by looking in the mirror.
你的眼睛能暴露出你哪些健康问题？非常多——有些问题你只需照照镜子就能看出来。
Dr. John C. Hagan, III, a ophthalmologist in private practice in Kansas City, Mo. explains what he looks for when he examines his patients - and what you can look for on your own. 密苏里州堪萨斯市一家私人诊所的眼科专家，约翰C.哈根三世（John C. Hagan, III）博士解释说，他为病人做检查时所查看的症状——你也可以在自己的眼睛中查看。
Bug eyes眼睛突出
Doctors call this condition exophthalmos, and it's a common sign of Grave's disease, a.k.a. overactive thyroid. In addition to the bug-eyed look, people with Grave's often experience weight loss, nervousness, and a rapid or irregular pulse. As for the green tint, that's just light from the room, not part of the condition. 医生称把这种病为突眼症，眼睛突出是格雷夫氏病的普遍症状，也称为甲状腺功能亢进症。格雷夫氏病患者除了眼睛突出外，还经常表现体重变轻、焦躁、脉搏过速或不规则。至于图片中的眼睛有些淡绿色，那是房间光线的问题，不是格雷夫氏病的症状。
Gray ring around the cornea眼角膜周围灰色的环
Gray isn't just for hair. Some people develop a gray ring around the edge of the cornea. The ring, which doctors call arcus senilis, often goes hand in hand with high cholesterol and triglycerides - and an increased risk for heart attack and stroke. Anyone who has the condition should have a blood test to check for elevated blood lipids - especially people under age 60. 不只是头发会变成灰色，有些人眼角膜的边缘也会变成灰色。医生把这个环称为虹膜老化弧（arcus senilis），经常与高胆固醇和高甘油三酸酯症紧密相连，而高胆固醇和高甘油三酸酯会增加心脏病和中风的风险。任何有这种症状的人都应该验一下血，看看是否血脂过高——特别是60岁以下的人。
Cloudy eye眼睛混浊
This is a cataract - a clouding of the lens inside the eye. The condition, which can be corrected with surgery, is most common in older people. Cataracts that arise in younger people can have a variety of causes, including tumors and diabetes, as well as side effects from certain medications. 这是白内障——眼睛内的晶状体蒙上云斑。这种症状在老年人群中最常见，可以通过手术进行校正。但由于各种原因，如肿瘤、糖尿病和某些药物的副作用，白内障也能发生在年青人中。
Skin cancer皮肤癌
Basal cell carcinomas can show up in some pretty strange places, including the eyelid, where it often causes a sore that doesn't heal and the loss of eyelashes. And it's not something to be ignored. Although basal cell skin cancers are not usually fatal, they can cause severe disfigurement, blindness and even death if they reach the brain through the eye socket. 基底细胞癌可以出现在身体上很多意想不到的地方，包括眼睑上，经常引发此处皮肤溃疡、无法愈合和睫毛脱落的现象。但千万不可小觑此病，虽然基底细胞癌通常并不致命，但是严重时能够毁容或者导致失明，如果癌细胞通过眼眶到达脑部时，可能致命。
Oily skin油性皮肤
Though this might look like a tumor under the skin, it's actually nothing more than a blocked oil gland. Known as a chalazion, this hard, painless mass typically comes up quickly over a few days. It's most common in people with oily skin. 尽管从外观看上去很像皮肤肿瘤，但实际上它只是受阻的皮脂腺。通常称为睑板腺囊肿，这个硬硬的、不痛的块状物通常会在几天内迅速长出，在油性皮肤的人身上最常见。
Myasthenia gravis重症肌无力
Droopy eyelids on both sides (ptosis) can be evidence of myasthenia gravis - an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness. Good medical treatment is available for the potentially deadly disease, but the condition in milder forms can be difficult to diagnose. 两侧眼皮下垂（上睑下垂症）可能是重症肌无力病的迹象，这是一种自身免疫性疾病，症状是肌肉无力。这种潜在致命的疾病可以得到很好的治疗，但是当症状不明显时很难确诊。
This patient, who could barely keep her eyelids open, was diagnosed by her eye doctor. 图上眼科医生诊断的这位病人，几乎不能把眼皮睁开。
AIDS爱滋病
Eye doctors can diagnose all sorts of diseases and medical conditions by looking at the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. One condition that ophthalmologists sometimes spot is HIV/AIDS, which causes the severe and potentially blinding inflammation of the retina shown here. 通过查看视网膜——眼睛后部的感光组织，眼科医生可以诊断出各种疾病和健康问题。眼科专家有时能够确认的一例病就是艾滋病（人体免疫缺损病毒），如图所示，它可以引起严重或潜在的致盲性视网膜炎症。
Horner's Syndrome霍纳氏综合症
These eyes are showing a potentially dangerous combination: droopy eyelids (which doctors call ptosis) and pupils of different sizes (aneisocoria) If you see this condition when you look in a mirror, see a doctor fast. The condition, which doctors call Horner's syndrome, is sometimes associated with aneurysms and tumors in the neck. 这种病人的眼睛会可能会表现出以下危险的综合症状：下垂的眼皮（上睑下垂症）和两只眼睛的瞳孔大小不同（瞳孔不均）。照镜子时你如果看到这种情况，要马上看医生。医生把这种病症称为霍纳氏综合症，有时与颈部肿瘤和动脉瘤有关。
High blood pressure高血压
Eye doctors can detect evidence of high blood pressure by looking at the retina. The pressure causes tiny blood vessels in the retina to kink and twist, which is pointed out by one arrow. The other arrow points to "dents" in retinal veins, a condition known as A-V nicking. This person is at high risk for a devastating stroke. 眼科医生通过查看视网膜可以察觉出高血压的迹象。压力引起视网膜内的微血管扭结弯曲，如图中的一个箭头所示，图中的其它箭头所指为视网膜静脉内的“ 凹陷”，称作动静脉局部缩窄病症。这个人突发重度中风的风险非常高。
Marfan's Syndrome马凡氏综合症
Marfan's Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue in the body. Extreme height and thinness and unusually slender fingers are common markers of Marfan's, but the condition is sometimes diagnosed by eye doctors who observe characteristic changes in the string-like tissue that holds the eye's crystalline lens in place (which doctors call "sunrise syndrome"). 马凡氏综合症是基因型结缔组织病。马凡氏综合症的常见特征是病人呈高、瘦型，通常手指细长。有时，眼科医生通过观察固定晶状体的线状组织的特征变化可以诊断出此病（医生们称之为“日出综合症”）。
It's vital that Marfan's be diagnosed as soon as possible, as the condition is commonly associated with weakness of the wall of the aorta. A rupture of the aorta is likely to be fatal. In fact, that's what happened to Olympic volleyball star Flo Hyman. 马凡氏综合症要尽早发现，这至关重要，因为该病通常与主动脉的血管壁薄弱有关。主动脉的破裂可能是致命的。事实上，奥林匹克排球女星弗洛·海曼（ Flo Hyman）就是因该病猝死。
Metastatic cancer转移性癌症
Sometimes cancer that arises elsewhere in the body shows up first in the eyes. The two most common cancers that spread to the eye are lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. 有时，身体其它部位的癌症最先表现在眼睛上。散布在眼睛上的两种最常的癌症是：男性的肺癌和女性的乳腺癌。
Diabetes
糖尿病
Lots of people have diabetes and don't know it. But the disease often causes telltale changes in the retina that can be picked up by an ophthalmologist. 许多人并不知道他们得了糖尿病。但是这种疾病经常可在视网膜上发出警告，眼科专家可以检查出来。
In this eye, diabetes has caused tiny hemorrhages in the retina and yellowish deposits of blood fats (lipids). The condition is known as diabetic retinopathy. 图上这只眼睛中，糖尿病已经引发视网膜微量的出血，以及黄色血脂的沉积。这种病称为糖尿病视网膜病。
Diabetes (continued)糖尿病（续）
This eye shows evidence of severe diabetic retinopathy, which is a leading cause of poor vision and blindness. This patients needs laser treatments to fix the damage. 这只眼睛表现的就是糖尿病视网膜病，它是视力低下和失明的主要原因。这个病人需要进行激光治疗来恢复视力。
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