短语
Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?
fall asleep 入睡
give… away 赠送;分发
rather than 宁愿…而不是,胜于
would do…rather than do 宁愿…不愿做
hear of… 听说
make friends with 和……交友
photo album 像册
too personal 太私人化
not interestingspecial creative enough 不够有趣
make a special meal 做一顿特别的饭
an 8-year-old child 一个六岁的孩子
these days 最近
not…at all 根本不
different kinds of 不同种类
make her happy 使她高兴
someone else 别人(else总是后置)
improve English 提高英语
in different ways 以不同的方式
encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做
make(great) progress 取得进步
take an interest in/be interested in 对……感兴趣
on my twelfthtwentieth birthday
a goldfish—two goldfish
a pig namedcalled Connie
from across China
enter a test by singing popular English songs
come from all age groups
the winner of the women’s competition
win the prize
try to speak English more
a spokesperson from the Olympic Committee
hear of
many other fun ways to learn English
make friends with a native speaker of English
find a good way to learn to learn English
本单元目标句型:
What should I get my mom for her birthday? 我应该为我的妈妈买什么?
Why don’t you/Why not buy /What about buying/How about buying a scarf? 为什么不买条围巾呢?
What’s the best gift you have ever received? 你曾收到的最好礼物是什么?
What a lucky guy! 多幸运的家伙!
I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child.
Really? I don’t agree. Dogs are too difficult to take care of.
What are advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?
The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig.
Pot-bellied pigs make the best pets.
However, life with a pig isn’t always perfect.
Now she is too big to sleep in the house, so I made her a special pig house.
The movie was boring. I fell asleep half way through it.
13. A leaf from a tree is enough to make her very happy.
Gift giving is different in different countries.
The same gift may be given away to someone else.
In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than
buy them gifts.
In Sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift. People don’t need to spend too much money. Instead, making a meal is enough.
China will be the host for the 2008 Olympics and so many Chinese people try to improve their English in different ways.
China will hold the….
Nearly all the singers sang very clearly, and looked comfortable on stage.
Some of these singers were able to sing English songs just as well as native speakers.
She said that singing English songs made her more interested in learning English.
He agrees that it is a good idea to have fun with English.
It suggests ways for Beijingers to take an interest in learning English.
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结
.固定用法(非谓语动词):以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth.
★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do
★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth
★计划做某事plan to do sth. ★不得不have to do
★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.
★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. ★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth.
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. ★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做
★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 例句:It’s time for me to go home.
★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……(当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of)
例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night.
3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是… 例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯
例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that.
I am ready to help others. I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.
顺口溜:本领最多不定式,主表定补宾和状;样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢;大家千万要小心,有时它把句型改;作主语时用it,自己在后把身藏;七个感官三使役,宾补要把to甩开;疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当;逻辑主语不定式,不定式前加for sb.;to前not是否定,各种用法区别开。
以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法
let sb. do sth让某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看见某人做某事
why not 或why don’t you +动词原形?为什么不….?(表示建议)例:Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?
某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形(包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形)
助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 动词原形
be going to + 动词原形(表示“即将”“打算” 做某事)
词汇突破1. suggestion n. an idea or a plan that you mention for somebody else to think about 建议
【示例】
We are open to suggestions. 我们愿意听取大家建议。
【用法点击】
suggestion在表示“暗示;联想”时,是一个不可数名词,例如:Most advertisements work through suggestion. 多数广告通过暗示发挥作用。
辨析advice和suggestion:
advice 是一个不可数名词,它除了表示“建议”之外,也有“劝告;忠告”的意思,例如:a piece of advice 一条忠告。advice 常用的搭配有:advice on / about something关于某事的建议。而suggestion 表示“建议”时是个可数名词。
【词汇拓展】
相关词:suggest v. 建议
suggestive adj. 提示的
suggestively adv. 提示地
【记忆导航】
suggestion 是在动词suggest后加ion转换成名词的,类似构词规则的词很多,例如:instruct --- instruction,connect --- connection等等。
2. special adj. not ordinary or usual; different from what is normal 特别的;特殊的
【示例】
There's something special about this place. 这个地方有几分特别。
【用法点击】
special 还可用作名词,表示“特制产品;特别活动(节目等)”。例如:The menu changes regularly and there are daily specials to choose from. 菜谱定期更换,而且有当日特色菜供选择。
【词汇拓展】
相关词:specially adv. 专门地;特别地
specialist n. 专家
3. interested adj. showing interest in something and finding it exciting. 感兴趣的
【示例】
I've always been interested in music. 我一直对音乐有兴趣。
【用法点击】
辨析interest,interested和interesting:
interest 可作名词,表示“求知;业余爱好”等意思,例如:Jim has shown a great interest in learning oil painting. 吉姆对学习油画表现出极大的兴趣。interest也可作动词,意思是“使感兴趣”。例如:Math doesn't interest me. 我对数学不感兴趣。
interested 用作形容词,表示“感兴趣的;表现出兴趣的”,主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。常用搭配有:be interested in something / somebody,be interested in doing something,be interested to hear / know / see something,例如:
We would be interested to hear your views on this subject. 我们很想听听你对这个课题的看法。
interesting 也用作形容词,表示“有趣的;有吸引力的”,但它通常用来修饰事物。例如:Can't we do something more interesting? 我们就不能做点更有意思的事情吗?
【词汇拓展】
谚语:Interest will not lie. 兴趣不会说谎。
相关词:interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的
【记忆导航】
注意积累同类词,帮助我们记忆。
v. adj. (形容人的情感) adj. (形容事物的特性)
excite excited exciting
bore bored boring
please pleased pleasing
encourage encouraged encouraging
4. encourage v. to give somebody support, courage or hope 鼓励;支持
【示例】
My parents have always encouraged me in my study. 我父母总是鼓励我用功学习。
【用法点击】
encourage 用作动词,常用于encourage somebody to do something,例如:I encouraged her to work hard and to try for the exams. 我鼓励她用功并为这次考试做努力。encourage 还表示“促进;激励”,例如:Music and lighting are used to encourage shoppers to buy more. 灯光和音乐会刺激消费者购买的欲望。
【词汇拓展】
相关词:encouraging adj. 乐观的;令人鼓舞的
encouragement n. 鼓舞;鼓励
【记忆导航】
英语中,en可以构成动词的前缀或后缀。
例如:courage n. 勇气 --- encourage v. 鼓励
able adj. 有能力的 --- enable v. 使能够;使有机会的
large adj. 大的 --- enlarge v. 变大
black adj. 黑色的 --- blacken v. 使变黑
wide adj. 宽的 --- widen v. 使变宽
5. progress n. the process of improving or developing or of getting nearer to achieving or completing 进步;前进
【示例】
I have made great progress in my English. 我英语学习取得了很大进步。
【用法点击】
progress 用作名词,是一个不可数名词。它也可作动词,意思是“前进;进行;进步”。例如:The line of traffic progressed slowly through the town. 车队缓慢地穿过城镇。
【词汇拓展】
常用搭配:in progress 在进行中
谚语:Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.
进展即今日的活动和明日的保证。
相关词:progressive adj. 进步的;先进的
progressively adv. 进步地;先进地
6. besides prep. In addition to somebody / something, apart from somebody / something 而且;除了
【示例】
Besides working as a doctor, he also writes stories in his free time.
除了当医生,他业余时间还写小说。
【用法点击】
besides, but, except 的用法辨析
1. 基本区别
三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:
Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。
Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。
注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如:
No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。
2. 关于 but 与 except
(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:
All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。
All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。
(2) 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:
① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等
② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等
③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等
④ all, none 等
⑤ who, what, where 等
Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。
I haven't told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。
No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。
一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but, 否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较:
正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。
误:The window is never opened but in summer.
(3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首:
除我之外每个人都累了。
正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.
正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.
误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.
注:except for 可用于句首,表示 except 的意思:
正:Except for me, everyone is tired.
3. 关于 except 与 except for:
except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如:
All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。
His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。
注:若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。
4. 关于 except for 与 but for:
except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如:
Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。
But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。
But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。
5. besides的其他用法
besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如:
I don't want to go; besides, I'm too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。
This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。
新目标初二(八年级)第8单元重点
UINT8 WHY DON’T YOU GET HER A SCARF?
一、 本单元语言目标:
1、 如何询问对方意见
2、 如何提出建议
3、 如何就别人的建议发表看法
二、重点单词KEY WORDS
suggestion 提议,建议 necklace项链 bracelet手镯 turtle乌龟 mouse老鼠
spider蜘蛛 snake蛇 hairy毛的,毛状的 pig猪 east东方,东部
perfect完美的,极佳的 clean清洁的,干净的 rabbit兔子 present礼物 remember记得 spend花费 compare比较 comment注释,意见
album像册,集字 graduation毕业 scarf围巾 personal私人的,个人的
三、重点词组KEY PHASES
photo album影集 these days这些天 give away分配,分送,赠送
rather than与其……(不如……) sleep all day整天睡觉
make a special meal做一顿特殊的饭 have enough time有足够的时间
take care of照顾 in different coungtries在不同的国家 too much太多
not special不特别 in Japan在日本
四、重点句型KEY SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1. Why don’t you get a camera?你怎么不买一个照相机?
2. That’s too expensive.太贵了。
3. How about some tennis balls?(买些)网球怎么样?
4. They’re too cheap.太便宜了。
5. What’s the best gift Mary has ever received?玛丽收到的最好的礼物是什么?
6. When did Mary get it?玛丽什么时候得到的?
7. On her tenth birthday.在她十岁生日时。
8. She is too big to sleep in the house.她太大了,没法在房里睡觉。
9. It’s easy to take care of.很容易照顾。
10. It’s enough to make her very happy.让她开心就足够了。
五、重点语法
(一)如何给别人提出建议和意见的常用句型
1、 询问对方意见: What shall we do tonight?
询问对方意见的说法还有:
What should I…?( should表示请求、征询对方意见)
Eg.: What should I get my dad for his birthday? 我该送给爸爸什么作为他的生日礼物呢?
What should I get my sister for her birthday?
2、提出建议: How about (doing something?) going to a movie?
Eg. : What shall we do this afternoon?
How about going for a walk?
提出建议的句型还有:
1)what about…? (about是个介词,可跟名词或动名词)
2)How about…?
Eg.: How about a watch? 一块手表怎么样?
How/what about the photo album? 一个像册怎么样?
How/what about going to the theatre?
How about getting her a scarf? 买条围巾送给她怎么样?
3)Why don’t you do something?
4) Why not do something?
5) You should/could do something.
6) You should (not) do something.
7) You’d better (not) do something.
8) What about doing sth.?
Eg.: Why don’t you buy a sweater?
Why not get a digital camera?
You should/could take sme exercise every day.
You shouldn’t eat too much.
It’s very hot today. You’d better stay at home.
You’d better not quarrel with others.
What about going out for a picnic?
在提出建议做什么事情之后,就会有人发表看法进行比较。如:
How about Star Wars?
That’s a great movie! I heard the Star Wars is pretty good.
3、发表看法时可以用That’s这个句型。
Eg.: That’s too expensive.
That’s too boring.
That’s too personal. 那太个性化了。
That’s too not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。
That’s too not friendly enough. 那不够友好。
表示看法或意见的说法还有:
Good idea.
It sounds good/great.
She’ll like it. 她会喜欢这个的。
在发表看法时,还可以用感叹句来表示:What a lucky girl! 多么幸运的女孩!
(二)感叹句
感叹句可由what或how引导,what后面感叹的部分中心词为名词,而how感叹的部分一般为形容词或副词。在一个句子中,感叹的部分提到what或how的后边,其余成分不变。注意主谓不倒装。
Eg.: What a beautiful flower this is! (原句为:This is a beautiful flower.)
How smart they are! (原句为:They are smart.)
Do you like small animals?
常见的大家认为比较可爱的动物有:dog, cat, goldfish, parrot, turtle(乌龟), hamster(仓鼠)
比较scary的动物,如:mouse, spider(蜘蛛),snake, lizard(蜥蜴)等。
They need a lot of love. And you should have enough time to spend with them.
(三)现在完成时
What’s the best gift you have ever received? 你曾经收到过的最好的礼物是什么?
“you have ever received”是现在完成时的定语从句。
1、现在完成时的构成:have/has + 动词过去分词。
2、现在完成时的用法:主要有两种含义:
一是强调某一发生的动作对现在产生的影响以及造成的结果;第二个意义是到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或者情况。现在完成时常常与already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for或包括现在在内的时间状语连用,也可以不用状语连用。
Eg.: He has (already) come.
Have you ever bought a birthday present for your sister?
What’s the best gift Susan has ever received?
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的侧重点不同:现在完成时侧重的动作产生的效果;而现在完成进行时侧重动作持续的时间。
Eg.: How many pages of the novel have you read?(侧重效果)
How long have you been reading the novel?(侧重持续的时间)
(四)其它知识点
1、enough的用法: 形容词 + enough
enough + 名词
eg.: That’s not special enough. 那不够特别
That’s not creative enough. 那没什么创意。
They don’t get enough gifts. 他们没有得到足够的礼物。
I don’t have enough time to spend with her. 我没有足够的时间和她在一起。
此外,enough还可以说:
It’s enough to make her happy. 这足以让她很高兴。
也可以说:enough for sombody to do sth.
Eight hundred yuan is enough for me to buy an MP3
2、too… to…结构:同样表示程度的一个结构:too… to…,太……而不能……(表示否定)to后面必须跟动词原形
eg.: It’s too difficult for me to carry the box.
He’s too young to go to school.
3、so…that…结构:too… to…结构可用so…that…(表示肯定,that后跟从句)来代替“
eg.: It’s so difficult that I can’t carry the box.
He’s so young that he can’t go to school.
(五)各国送礼的习俗:Gift giving is different in different coungtries.
在日本,人们喜欢送一些很特别的礼物(special gift),而收到礼物的人一般都不会打开,他可能把这件礼物转送给另外一个人(someone else)。
在加拿大人们一般不会送很贵重的礼物,他们可能会买一张长椅(a bench)或一棵树来纪念某个人。
在美国,许多人会让他们的家人或朋友捐助一些钱作为慈善用,而不让他们送礼物。(to give money to the charity rather than buying them gifts)
在瑞典,帮某个人做一件事就是一个最好的礼物。(doing sth. for someone is the best gift)人们通常都不需要话很多钱,有时候,making a meal is enough.
语言目标与重点一、 本单元语言目标:1、 如何询问对方意见
2、 如何提出建议
3、 如何就别人的建议发表看法
二、重点单词KEY WORDS
suggestion 提议,建议 necklace项链 bracelet手镯 turtle乌龟 mouse老鼠
spider蜘蛛 snake蛇 hairy毛的,毛状的 pig猪 east东方,东部
perfect完美的,极佳的 clean清洁的,干净的 rabbit兔子 present礼物 remember记得 spend花费 compare比较 comment注释,意见
album像册,集字 graduation毕业 scarf围巾 personal私人的,个人的
三、重点词组KEY PHASES
photo album影集 these days这些天 give away分配,分送,赠送
rather than与其……(不如……) sleep all day整天睡觉
make a special meal做一顿特殊的饭 have enough time有足够的时间
take care of照顾 in different coungtries在不同的国家 too much太多
not special不特别 in Japan在日本
四、重点句型KEY SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1. Why don’t you get a camera?你怎么不买一个照相机?
2. That’s too expensive.太贵了。
3. How about some tennis balls?(买些)网球怎么样?
4. They’re too cheap.太便宜了。
5. What’s the best gift Mary has ever received?玛丽收到的最好的礼物是什么?
6. When did Mary get it?玛丽什么时候得到的?
7. On her tenth birthday.在她十岁生日时。
8. She is too big to sleep in the house.她太大了,没法在房里睡觉。
9. It’s easy to take care of.很容易照顾。
10. It’s enough to make her very happy.让她开心就足够了。
五、重点语法
(一)如何给别人提出建议和意见的常用句型
1、 询问对方意见: What shall we do tonight?
询问对方意见的说法还有:
What should I…?( should表示请求、征询对方意见)
Eg.: What should I get my dad for his birthday? 我该送给爸爸什么作为他的生日礼物呢?
What should I get my sister for her birthday?
2、提出建议: How about (doing something?) going to a movie?
Eg. : What shall we do this afternoon?
How about going for a walk?
提出建议的句型还有:
1)what about…? (about是个介词,可跟名词或动名词)
2)How about…?
Eg.: How about a watch? 一块手表怎么样?
How/what about the photo album? 一个像册怎么样?
How/what about going to the theatre?
How about getting her a scarf? 买条围巾送给她怎么样?
3)Why don’t you do something?
4) Why not do something?
5) You should/could do something.
6) You should (not) do something.
7) You’d better (not) do something.
8) What about doing sth.?
Eg.: Why don’t you buy a sweater?
Why not get a digital camera?
You should/could take sme exercise every day.
You shouldn’t eat too much.
It’s very hot today. You’d better stay at home.
You’d better not quarrel with others.
What about going out for a picnic?
在提出建议做什么事情之后,就会有人发表看法进行比较。如:
How about Star Wars?
That’s a great movie! I heard the Star Wars is pretty good.
3、发表看法时可以用That’s这个句型。
Eg.: That’s too expensive.
That’s too boring.
That’s too personal. 那太个性化了。
That’s too not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。
That’s too not friendly enough. 那不够友好。
表示看法或意见的说法还有:
Good idea.
It sounds good/great.
She’ll like it. 她会喜欢这个的。
在发表看法时,还可以用感叹句来表示:What a lucky girl! 多么幸运的女孩!
(二)感叹句
感叹句可由what或how引导,what后面感叹的部分中心词为名词,而how感叹的部分一般为形容词或副词。在一个句子中,感叹的部分提到what或how的后边,其余成分不变。注意主谓不倒装。
Eg.: What a beautiful flower this is! (原句为:This is a beautiful flower.)
How smart they are! (原句为:They are smart.)
Do you like small animals?
常见的大家认为比较可爱的动物有:dog, cat, goldfish, parrot, turtle(乌龟), hamster(仓鼠)
比较scary的动物,如:mouse, spider(蜘蛛),snake, lizard(蜥蜴)等。
They need a lot of love. And you should have enough time to spend with them.
(三)现在完成时
What’s the best gift you have ever received? 你曾经收到过的最好的礼物是什么?
“you have ever received”是现在完成时的定语从句。
1、现在完成时的构成:have/has + 动词过去分词。
2、现在完成时的用法:主要有两种含义:
一是强调某一发生的动作对现在产生的影响以及造成的结果;第二个意义是到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或者情况。现在完成时常常与already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for或包括现在在内的时间状语连用,也可以不用状语连用。
Eg.: He has (already) come.
Have you ever bought a birthday present for your sister?
What’s the best gift Susan has ever received?
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的侧重点不同:现在完成时侧重的动作产生的效果;而现在完成进行时侧重动作持续的时间。
Eg.: How many pages of the novel have you read?(侧重效果)
How long have you been reading the novel?(侧重持续的时间)
(四)其它知识点
1、enough的用法: 形容词 + enough
enough + 名词
eg.: That’s not special enough. 那不够特别
That’s not creative enough. 那没什么创意。
They don’t get enough gifts. 他们没有得到足够的礼物。
I don’t have enough time to spend with her. 我没有足够的时间和她在一起。
此外,enough还可以说:
It’s enough to make her happy. 这足以让她很高兴。
也可以说:enough for sombody to do sth.
Eight hundred yuan is enough for me to buy an MP3
2、too… to…结构:同样表示程度的一个结构:too… to…,太……而不能……(表示否定)to后面必须跟动词原形
eg.: It’s too difficult for me to carry the box.
He’s too young to go to school.
3、so…that…结构:too… to…结构可用so…that…(表示肯定,that后跟从句)来代替“
eg.: It’s so difficult that I can’t carry the box.
He’s so young that he can’t go to school.
(五)各国送礼的习俗:Gift giving is different in different coungtries.
在日本,人们喜欢送一些很特别的礼物(special gift),而收到礼物的人一般都不会打开,他可能把这件礼物转送给另外一个人(someone else)。
在加拿大人们一般不会送很贵重的礼物,他们可能会买一张长椅(a bench)或一棵树来纪念某个人。
在美国,许多人会让他们的家人或朋友捐助一些钱作为慈善用,而不让他们送礼物。(to give money to the charity rather than buying them gifts)
在瑞典,帮某个人做一件事就是一个最好的礼物。(doing sth. for someone is the best gift)人们通常都不需要话很多钱,有时候,making a meal is enough.Section A 内容详解
Language Goal:Compare qualities
语言目标:比较品质
1a
What do you think of these gifts? Write each gift under one or more of the words in the chart. Add other gifts to each column.你认为这些礼物怎样?把每件礼物写在栏中一个或多个单词下,在每一栏中再多写一些礼物。
scarf围巾
tennis balls网球
dictionary字典
CD唱片
camera照相机
bicycle自行车
Cheap便宜
Expensive昂贵
Boring无聊
Interesting有趣
What should① I get② my mom for her birthday?
妈妈的生日我该给她什么呢?
How about③ a scarf? 围巾怎么样?
No, that's too boring①.不,那太无聊了。
1b
Listen and number the comments in the order you hear them.
听录音,按你听到的内容给下列说明排序。
________ That's too expensive.
________ They're too cheap.
那太贵了。
他们太便宜了。
________ That's too boring, too.
________ That's too boring.
那也太无聊了。
那太无聊了。
听力原文
Boy1:What's up? 什么事?
Boy2:I need help. What should I get my mom for her birthday?
我需要帮助,妈妈的生日我该给她什么呢?
Boy1:How about a scarf? 一条围巾怎么样?
Boy2:No, that's too boring.不,那太无聊了。
Boy1:Hmm. How about a dictionary? 嗯,字典怎么样?
Boy2:That's too boring, too.那也太无聊了。
Boy1:Well, why don't you get her a camera?
那为什么不送她一架照相机呢?
Boy2:No way! That's too expensive.不可能!那太贵了。
Boy1:I've got it! What about some tennis balls?
我知道了!一些棒球怎样呢?
Boy2:Tennis balls? No, they're too cheap.棒球吗?不,它们太便宜了。
参考答案:
3 2 4 1
1c
PAIRWORK 结对练习
Practice the conversation in the picture above. Then make your own conversations.练习上图中的对话,然后自编对话。
A:What should I get my mom for her birthday?
妈妈的生日我该给她什么呢?
B:How about a scarf? 一条围巾怎么样?
A:No, that's too boring.不,那太无聊了。
2a
Listen. In each conversation about gifts, who is the person shopping for?
Put a check(√)in the correct column.听录音,在每段关于礼物的对话中,这件礼物是为谁买的?在正确栏中画(√)。
听力原文
Conversation 1 (对话1)
Boy1:What should we get for Lisa? 我们该给莉萨点什么?
Boy2:How about a CD? 一张CD怎样呢?
Boy1:No, that's not special enough. I want to show her that we really think she's a great friend.
不,那不够特别,我想告诉她,她确实是一个非常好的朋友。
Boy2:OK, then, how about flowers? 好吧,那么花怎样呢?
Boy1:That's a good idea! 好主意!
Conversation 2 (对话2)
Girl1:I really enjoyed Ms Martinez's class. What should I get for her?
我确实喜欢马丁妮女士的课。我该给她什么呢?
Girl2:Maybe a scarf? She likes to wear scarf.
一条围巾吧?她喜欢戴围巾。
Gril1:No, that's too personal! 不,那太个人化了!
Girl2:OK, then, how about a calendar? 好吧,那么一本日历怎样呢?
Girl1:Yeah, that sounds good.嗯,听起来很好。
Conversation 3 (对话3)
Girl3:It's Anna's birthday next week. What should I get for her?
下周是安娜的生日,我该送她什么呢?
Boy3:Why don't you get her a soccer ball? She likes to play soccer.
为什么不给她一个足球呢?她喜欢踢足球。
Girl3;No, that's not creative enough.不,那太不够创意了。
Boy3:Well, how about a photo album with photos of your family?
一个装着你们全家人相片的纪念册怎样呢?
Girl3:Yeah, she'll like that.对呀,她会喜欢的。
参考答案:
Conversation 1:friend
Conversation 2:teacher
Conversation 3:sister
2b
Listen again and write the suggestions and comments in the chart below.
再听一遍,然后把建议和说明写入下表中。
Suggestions 建议
calendar 日历
photo album影集
Soccer ball足球
flowers花
CD唱片
scarf围巾
Comments 说明
too personal太个人化
good idea好主意
not special enough不够特殊
sounds good听起来不错
not creative enough⑤不够创意
she'll like that她会喜欢
Conversation 2
Conversation 3
a CD
not special enough
不够特殊
参考答案:
Conversation 1:a CD,not special enough,flowers,good idea
Conversation 2:a necklace,too personal,a calendar,sounds good
Conversation 3:a soccer ball,not creative enough,a photo album,she'll like that
2c
PAIRWORK 结对练习
Think of a friend or a family member who is having a birthday soon. Then discuss with your partner what to get this person.
想一个快过生日的朋友或家人,然后与你的搭档讨论一下该给这个人什么?
A:It's my sister's birthday soon. What should I get her?
我妹妹的生日快到了,我该给她什么呢?
B:How about a sweater? 一件毛衣怎么样?
A:No, that's not interesting enough.不,那没什么意思。
Grammar Focus 语法重点
What should I get my sister?
我该给妹妹什么呢?
Why don't you get her a camera?⑥
为什么不给她买个相机呢?
That's too expensive.
那太贵了。
How about some tennis balls?
一些网球怎么样?
They're too cheap.
那太便宜了。
What about a watch?
手表怎样呢?
That's too personal.
那太个人化了。
Why don't you buy a scarf?
为什么不买条围巾呢?
That's not interesting enough.
那不够有意思。
3a
PAIRWORK 结对练习
Student A, look at this page. Student B. turn to page 87. Exchange information and fill in the chart.学生A看本页,学生B翻到87页,交换信息,然后填空。
A:What's the best gift Joe has ever received?
乔曾收到过的最好的礼物是什么?
B:A bike.一辆自行车。
A:When did Joe get it? 乔什么时候收到的?
B:On his sixth birthday.在他六岁生日时。
A:Who gave it to him? 谁给他的?
B:His parents.他的父母。
A:What a lucky guy.⑦多幸运的人啊。
What's the best gift he/ she has ever received?
他/她收到的最好的礼物是什么?
When did he/ she receive it?
他/她什么时候收到的?
Who gave it to him/ her?
谁给他/她的?
Joe乔
6th birthday
六岁生日
Maria玛丽亚
pet dog宠物狗
brother哥哥
Tom涵姆
when he left school
当他毕业时
Vera薇拉
wallet钱包
sister姐姐
参考答案:
Joe:bike,6th birthday,parents
Maria:pet dog,Christmas,brother
Tom:guitar,graduation,grandparents
Vera:bracelet,12th birthday,sister
3b
PAIRWORK 结对练习
Ask your partner about the best gift he or she has ever received. Then ask who gave the gift and when your partner got it.
问你的搭档曾收到的最好的礼物是什么?然后问谁给他的,他什么时候得到的。
A:What's the best gift you have ever received?
你曾收到的最好的礼物是什么?
B:A watch.一块手表。
A:Who gave it to you? 谁给你的?
B;My mother.我妈妈。
A:And when did you get it? 你什么时候收到的?
B:On my tenth birthday.我十岁生日时。
4
GROUPWORK 小组活动
Tell the class what you are going to do for someone's birthday. The class tries to guess the person.
告诉你的同学你将为某人的生日做什么?同学们试着猜这是谁。
A:I'm going to make a special meal.我要做一顿特殊的饭。
B:Is it someone in your family? 是你的家人吗?
A;Yes, it is.是的。
C:Is it your mother? 是你妈妈吗?
A:No, it isn't! 不,不是!
要 点 解 疑
①should可以用来构成过去将来时态,作为shall的过去形式,用于第一人称。
例如:He asked me whether I should be free tonight.他问我今晚是否有空。
Did you expect that we should come so early?
你想没想到我们会这样早来?
should可以用来构成虚拟语句。
should可用在条件句的主句或从句中。
例如:Let me know if you should hear more news.
如果听到更多的消息,请你通知我。
should可用在表示建议、命令等的从句中。
例如:You should brush your teeth before you go to bed.
你在睡前应该刷牙。
I suggested that he should go.我建议他去。
should可表示惊异、赞叹、不满等情绪。
例如:Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么来得这么晚?(比Why are you so late today.更带感情色彩)
should用来委婉陈述自己的意见。
例如:I should think you are right.我想你是对的。
I should advise you not to do that.我倒是劝你别那样做。
②get +间宾+直宾,意为“弄来、搞来、取来”。
例如:Get me a cup of tea.=Get a cup of tea for me.给我拿杯茶。
Get the students a good teacher.给学生们找一个好老师。
③What about./How about?表示委婉建议,常用于口语。
What about./How about?后直接接名词。
例如:How about a cup of tea? 喝杯茶好吗?
What about a new coat? 一件新衣服怎样?
What about?How about?如果加动词必须是动名词。
例如:How about playing soccer? 踢足球怎样呢?
What about watching TV? 看电视怎么样?
④本句中的too boring too意为“太”,直接修饰形容词和副词。
例如:Don't read too fast.不要读得太快。
The shirt is too large for me.这衬衫我穿起来太大了。
too可以作为副词,意为“也”,一般用于句末,和前面用逗号隔开。
例如:I'll go there, too.我也要到那去。
⑤enough为副词,意为“足够地,充足地”用于动词、形容词和副词之后。
例如:Are you warm enough in such a light jacket?
你穿那么薄的夹克够暖和吗?
You don't practice enough at the piano.你钢琴弹奏练习得不好。
形容词/副词+enough+for sb. +to do?足够某人做……
例如:Is the river deep enough to swim in? 在这条河里游泳水够深吗?
The house is big enough for three of us to live in.
这房子足够我们3个人住。
enough为形容词,意为“足够的,充足的”,既可作定语修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数,也可用作表语。
例如:There isn't enough space for my address.我写地址的地方不够。
We have enough glasses for everyone.我们的杯子够分给每一个人。
⑥why don't you等于why not意为“为什么不做……呢?”,这是一种委婉提建议的句子,其后必须用动词原形。
例如:Why don't you come with me? 你为什么不和我一块来呢?
Why not come with me? 为什么不和我一块来呢?
⑦What a lucky guy! 为感叹句,由“特殊疑问词十名词词组”构成,省略了后面的主、谓成分。
例如:What beautiful flowers! 多漂亮的花呀!
What a clever girl! 多聪明的女孩呀!
lucky为形容园“幸运的”,修饰名词,也可单独做表语。
例如:She is a lucky girl.他是一个幸运的女孩
You're lucky.你真幸运。
lucky的名词形式为luck,意为“运气、机遇、命运”。
例如:Bad luck! 倒霉 I have good luck。我的运气好。
Luck was against me。我不走运。 Good luck to you! 祝你好运!
I wish you good luck.祝你好运。
SECTION A 解析与拓展
1.Why don’t you get her a scarf?你为什么不给她买条围巾呢?
▲Why don’t you do sth.?为什么不做某事呢?
●表示商量和给对方的建议,否定式疑问显得更委婉,更容易为对方所接受。通常可以用Why not do sth.?来表达。
I can’t answer it,either. Why don’t you ask Mr Liu?
I can’t answer it,either. Why not ask Mr Liu?
我也不会回答。为什么不问一下刘老师呢?
Why don’t we go shopping together?
Why not go shopping together?
为什么不一起去购物呢?意同Let’s go shopping together.
▲get句中意义为“买”=buy。
●get是一个多义词
Where did you get the book?
你从哪里弄到的那本书?(get得到,获得)
Please get your coat clean.
请使你的外套保持清洁。(get使某物保持某种状态)
I got him to call Jim.
我让他给吉姆打电话。(get使某人做某事)
It gets worse and worse.
情况变得越来越糟。(get逐渐变得)
When did you get home last night?
昨天晚上你什么时候到家?(get到达)
We got more than ten English words last class.
上一节我们学会了10多个英文单词。(get=learn学会)
●get sb. sth.=get sth. to sb.给某人买某物
这是动词后跟双宾语的用法,其中sb.(某人)叫间接宾语,sth.(某物)为直接宾语。能跟双宾语的动词还有buy,give,show,pass,choose等。
Lucy’s mother bought her a new scarf.
=Lucy’s mother bought a new scarf for her.
露茜的妈妈为她买了一条新围巾。
I gave Michael a diary as present.
=I gave a diary to Michael as present.
我送给迈克尔一个日记本作礼物。
Pleases how/pass me your new pen.
=Please show/pass your new pen to me.
请把你的新钢笔给我看一下(递给我)。
▲mom/mDm/是mother的口语称呼,还可以称为mum/mAm/。小孩对mother的亲昵称呼为mummy/mAmI/,而婴儿在呀呀学语时通常叫mother为mama。
对于父母的称呼也像汉语一样在不同年龄段,不同环境下有不同的称呼。如:书面语father,可称为dad/daed/,daddy/,daedI/。对于mummy和daddy我们在许多港台电视剧中经常会听到儿女对父母撒娇时这样称呼。
2.How about a scarf?一条围巾怎么样?
How about…?=What about…?……怎么样?
提出一种可能性,询问对方意见。
—When will we meet to morrow?明天咱们什么时候见面?
—How about 7:30? 7:30怎么样?
—What will we do on Sunday?星期天我们干什么?
—How about going fishing?去钓鱼怎么样?
—Idon’t like the red coat.我不喜欢这件红外套。
—How/What about the green one?这件绿色的如何?
I am a student. What about you?我是个学生。你呢?
【注】无论是How about…?还是What about…?因有介词about,后跟名词或代词。若跟动作,则用动名词形式。
It is Sunday tomorrow,what about going swimming?
明天是星期天,去游泳怎么样?
3.No,that’s not interesting enough.不,它不够有趣。
▲interesting adj.有趣的。它是由interest加-ing派生而来。帮你辨析interest,interested与interesting。
①interest v.认使……产生兴趣,引起某人注意
That story interests us.那个故事使我们产生了兴趣。
Can I interest you in this question?请你注意这个问题好吗?
②n.兴趣,爱好等
Dick takes an interest in that picture.
迪克对那幅画很感兴趣。
The children are talking about the question with great interest.
孩子们正饶有兴趣地讨论那个问题。
③interested adj.“感兴趣的”。通常作表语,主语往往是某人。表示某人对某事感兴趣用be interested in sth.。
All of us are interested in English.我们都对英语感兴趣。
Kate is interested in drawing pictures.凯特对画画感兴趣。
【注】由于be interested in含介词in,通常跟名词或代词,若跟动作,则需动名词。如:
Li Jie is interested in playing football.李杰对踢足球感兴趣。
【拓展】
在英语中,有许多动词的过去分词形式同时转换为形容词性。表示主语为被动状态。
My bike is broken.我的自行车坏了。
(broken,break的过去分词,句中为形容词表状态。)
The man is very known.那个人很出名。
(known是know的过去分词,句中为形容词表示“为人所知的”。)
④interesting adj.有趣的(人或事)。可以做表语或定语。
What he said is very interesting.
他所说的很有意思。(interesting做表语)
Our teacher often tells us interesting stories.
我们的老师经常给我们讲有趣的故事。(interesting做定语)
【拓展】
动词-加-ed(形容词)-加-ing(形容词)的用法。
surprise(使人惊奇)-surprised(惊奇的)-surprising(令人惊奇的)
excite(使人激动)-excited(激动的,兴奋的)-exciting(令人激动的)
amaze(使人惊讶)-amazed(惊讶的)-amazing(令人惊讶的)
frighten(使人害怕)-frightened(害怕的)-frightening(使人害怕的,可怕的)
⑤其中v.+-ed形式的形容词是由动词的过去分词转化而来,表示主语为被动状态,这类动词都是“使人……”,再者这类v.+ed形式的形容词都是表示带有感
情色彩的(如激动的,害怕的……),故而这类形容词作表语时主语应该是某人。
v.+-ing形式的形容词一般修饰物或事,可以作表语,表示某物的特征、状态,也可以做定语,置于名词前表示某物的性质。
All of the children are very excited.
所有的孩子都非常兴奋。(做表语,主语为某人)
I told my friends the exciting news.
我把那个令人激动的消息告诉了我的朋友。(做定语)
It is exciting for us to win the game.
对我们来说赢得那场比赛太令人激动了。(做表语,主语为某事)
The teacher was surprised at Jack’s answer.老师对杰克的回答很吃惊。
He brought the surprising news.他带来的是令人吃惊的消息。
▲enough adj.足够的;adv.充分地,足够地
●enough用做形容词,通常做表语或定语。
It is enough for me to stay here for a short time.
对我来说待一小会儿就足够了。
We have enough time to get ready for the meeting.
我们有足够的时间为会议做准备。
Tom has no enough money to buy the dictionary.
汤姆没有足够的钱买那本词典。
●enough用做副词,修饰形容词或副词。
【注】当enough修饰形容词或副词时,一定要置于被修饰词的后面。
Wang Jim is strong enough to carry the box.
王建足够强壮,他能搬动那个箱子。
Tom didn’t run fast enough to catch up with Booth.
汤姆跑得不够快,他追不上布斯。
4.What’s the best gift Joe has ever received?乔曾收到的最好的礼物是什么?
辨析:gift与present
①gift n.礼物,一般指小巧、别致的礼品,纪念物。
I will give Mary a gift on her birthday.
玛丽生日那天我要送给她一个礼物。
②present v./prr'zent/赠送礼品,提出观点,介绍,上演等。
He presented me a new book.他赠给我一本新书。
Mr Wang presented his ideas at the meeting.王先生在会上提出了他的看法。
Let me present myself to you.
让我向你们作一下自我介绍。(present=introduce)
present n./'prezont/,赠品,礼物。一般指正规的礼品,还指不一定用来把玩,观赏、纪念的礼品,可以是能吃能用的礼品。
At last,they gave a present to each other.最后他们相互赠送了礼物。
③另外,present/'prezont/adj.出席的,在场的;n.现在,目前。
More than 500 people are present at the meeting.500多人出席了会议。
We haven’t that kind of books at present.目前我们没有那种书。
【拓展】
gift是一个单纯意义的名词,只作“礼物”讲;present是一个多义词,同时还应注意其重音位置不同,因而读音也不相同。两个单词都作为名词时,都是可数的。
辨析:get与receive
①get是一个具有多重意义的动词。它的基本词义是“得到”“获得”,可以这样理解,在“获得”某物时,可能是被动接受,也有可能是主动争取。
I got a pet dog from my friend,Jim.
我从我的朋友吉姆那儿得到了一只宠物狗。(可能是Jim赠送或者是主动索取)
Xiao Lin was hungry,he wanted to get something to eat.
小林饿了,他想弄些吃的。(get,主动动手)
②receive,收到,接受,这里显然是接受的意思。
I received a letter from David last week.上周我收到了大卫的来信。
Lucy received many gifts on her birthday.
露茜生日的那天收到了好多礼物。
▲这是一个带有定语从句的复合句。句子Joe has ever received作gift的定语,被称为定语从句,gift叫做先行词。其中定语从句的引导词为that,在该句中作了省略。该定语从句所修饰的是表语。如本册Unit7,SECTION B中The pen you bought didn’t work. you bought即是定语,修饰主语The pen。
The lessons Mr Zhang taught are very interesting.
张老师教的课很有趣。(定语从句修饰主语)
I lost the book I borrowed from the library.
我把从图书室借的书丢了。(定语从句修饰宾语)
Peter is my best friend I have made here。
彼得是我在这儿交的最好的朋友。(定语从句修饰表语)
What’s the best gift you have ever received?(定语从句修饰表语)
你曾收到的最好的礼物是什么?Section B 内容详解
1a
Which of these animals would be good pets? Which would be bad pets? Write them in the diagram and compare your choices with your classmates.
下面哪些动物会成为好的宠物,哪些会成为不好的宠物,把它们写在格子里,然后与你的同学比较一下。
1b
GROUPWORK 小组活动
Make a list of the pets you have. What's the most popular pet? What's the most unusual pet? Tell the class.列出你所拥有的宠物清单。最受欢迎的宠物是什么?最罕见的宠物是什么?告诉全班同学。
A:Cats are the most popular pets.猫是最受欢迎的宠物。
B:Parrots are the most unusual① pets.鹦鹉是最不寻常的宠物。
2a
Listen and number the pets in the order you hear them. Write the numbers on the lines in the chart.
听录音,按你听到的顺序给这些宠物排序,把数字写在横线上。
Pets宠物
Comments说明
____ hamster仓鼠
not friendly enough不够友好的
____ snake蛇
too boring太无聊的
____ goldfish金鱼
short hair短毛的
____ dog狗
nice好看的
____ cat猫
hair is too long毛发太长
easy to take care of容易照料的
too scary太吓人
friendly友好的
interesting有意思的
beautiful漂亮的
听力原文
Girl1:So, what kind of pet do you want to get? 你想要哪种宠物呢?
Girl2:How about a goldfish? Fish are easy to take care of.
一条金鱼怎样呢?鱼非常容易照料。
Girl3:They're too boring/How about a snake? Snakes are interesting.
它们太无聊了/一条蛇怎样呢?蛇非常有趣。
Girl2:Eeew! Snakes are too scary! Let's get s nice pet like a cat.
呦,蛇太可怕了!让我们养一个可爱的宠物,比如说猫。
Girl1:A cat? I don't like cats. Cats aren't friendly enough.
一只猫?我不喜欢猫,猫不够友好。
Girl2:Well then, how about a dog? Dogs make great pets.
好吧,那一只狗怎样?狗是最棒的宠物。
Girl1:That's true. Hey, how about that dog? Isn't he beautiful?
没错,嘿,看那只狗怎样呢?它不漂亮吗?
Girl3:Yes, but his hair is too long.I don't want to clean up dog hair every day.漂亮,但它的毛太长了,我不想每天给它清洗。
Girl1:Oh, all right. Well, that hamster over there looks nice. He seems friendly, and he has short hair。
噢,好吧,那边那只仓鼠看起来很好,它好像很友好,而且毛很短。
Girl2:Yeah, he's perfect! 是的,它太完美了。
Girl3:Let's get him! 就要它了!
参考答案:
5 2 1 4 3
2b
Listen again and draw lines to match the pets with the comments.
再听一遍,把宠物与说明连线。
2b题参考答案:
hamster:friendly,nice,short hair
snake:too scary,interesting
goldfish:too boring,easy to take care of
dog:beautiful,too hairy
cat:nice,not friendly enough
2c
PAIRWORK 结对练习
What do you think is the best pet for these people? Fill in the chart. about your choices.你认为什么对这些人来说是最好的宠物?填入表格,一下你的选择。
People人
pets宠物
Why原因
a 6-year-old child②
一个六岁在的孩子
goldfish金鱼
easy to take care of③
容易照料
an 80-year-old grandmother
一个80岁的老奶奶
a 16-year-old boy
一个16岁的男孩
A:I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child.
我认为对一个6岁大的孩子来说,狗是最好的宠物。
B:Really? I don't agree. Dogs are too difficult to take care of.
真的吗?我不同意,狗太难养了。
A:How about a goldfish? 金鱼呢?
B:?
3a
Read the article and answer these questions.读文章回答问题。
1.Why do you think pot-bellied pigs are popular?
你为什么认为大肚猪受欢迎?
2.What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?
养这个宠物的好处和坏处是什么?
The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig.David Smith of North London has had d pot-bellied pig named④ Connie for three years.“Pot-bellied pigs make the best pets,”said David,“She watches TV on the sofa with me every night. She's my best friend.”However, life with a pig isn't always perfect.“When I got my pig, she was small.”said David,“but she eats a lot⑤. Now she's too big to⑥ sleep in the house, so I made her a special pig house. Also, pigs need a lot of love. Sometimes I don't have enough time to spend with her.”
这些天来最时髦的宠物是大肚猪。来自伦敦北部的大卫·史密斯已养了一个叫康妮的大肚猪三年了。“大肚猪能成都市最好的宠物。”大卫说,“她每天晚上坐在沙发上和我一起看电视。她是我最好的朋友”。然而和猪一起生活并不总是完美的。“当我得到她时,她还小。”大卫说,“但她吃得多。现在她已大得不能在房子里睡了。所以我为她做了一个特别的猪窝。虽然,猪需要许多爱,但有时我却没有足够的时间陪她。”
参考答案:
1.Pot-bellied pigs make good friends.
2.The advantages are that they can watch TV on the sofa when they are small. The disadvantages are that they get too big to sleep in the house and they need a lot of love.
3b
Look at these notes about hamsters and write an article about them.
看这些关于仓鼠的记录,写一篇关于他们的文章。
hamsters are popular,quiet,clean
easy to take care of
仓鼠受欢迎,安静、干净
易养
cheaper than rabbits or cats
small
比猫和兔子更便宜
小
sometimes noisy at night
sleep all day
有时晚上很吵
整天睡觉
Hamsters are popular pets. People like them because they are quiet and clean.
仓鼠是受欢迎的宠物。人们喜欢他们是因为他们安静且干净。
3c
What kind of animal do you like? Write a magazine article about the animal, but don't say what the animal is.
你喜欢哪种动物,写一篇关于这种动物的文章,但别说出这个动物是什么。
This pet is unusual. It's easy to take care of⑦ and it talks.
这个宠物不寻常。它易养且会说话。
4
GROUPWORK 小组活动
Talk about the good points and bad points of keeping pets in an apartment, and fill in the table.
谈论在公寓中养宠物的优缺点,填表。
Good Points优点
Bad Doints缺点
good company好朋友
can be noisy会很吵
要 点 解 疑
①usual形容同,意为“通常的;平常的;习惯的”。加前缀-un则成为反义词即unusual,意为“不平常的、异常的”。
在英语中有很多形容词,加前缀-un之后成为反意词。
例如:happy高兴 unhappy不高兴
important重要的 unimportant不重要的
useful有用的 unuseful没有用的
unusual为多音节词,变比较级时加more,最高级加most。
例如:out going开朗的→more out going更开朗→most outgoing最开朗
②岁数的表示方法主要有三种:
例如:Amy is 16 years old. 句中除1岁外,其余必用复数years
Amy is a 16-year-old girl. 当作定语时结构为“基数词-year-old”。
Amy is at the age of 16. at the age of+基数词
Amy is a girl of 16. n.+of+基数词。
③take care of?意为“照料、照顾”,同意词组为look after。
例如:She takes care of everybody她关心大家。
Take care of your health注意你的健康。
Please take care of yourself请照顾你自己。
My mother is ill in bed. I must look after her.
母亲病倒了,我必须照顾她。
④named为动词name的过去分词,在此作定语修饰pig,可换作called。
name为动词。意为“给……取名”。
例如:They named their son John.他们给孩子取名为约翰。
The child is named after his father.
那孩子的名字是按他父亲的名字取的。
name意为“列举,说出……的名字”。
例如:Can you name all the plants in the garden?
你能说出花园里所有植物的名字吗?
Can you name some presidents of the United States?
你能说出一些美国总统的名字吗?
name为名词,意为“名字”。
例如:His name is Ben.他的名字是本。
⑤a lot意为“许多”,修饰名词必须是a lot of+名词;修饰动词时直接放在动词后。
例如:I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作业要做。
There are a lot of books in the school library.
在学校图书馆里有很多书。
I know a lot about her.我很了解她。
⑥too?to太……以致不能(too之后接形容词和副词)。
例如:The boy is too short to reach the apples.
那个男孩子个太矮,够不着那些苹果。
He is too young to join the army.他年龄大小不能参军。
The man is too old to walk.这个人老得不能走了。
enough?to“足够能……”是too?to的相反句式。
例如:The box is light enough for me to carry.这个箱子很轻,我能抬得动。
The boy wasn't old enough to join the army.
那个孩子岁数不够,不能参军。
⑦It's easy to do sth.做某事容易
例如:It's easy to speak English.说英语很容易。
It's easy to learn Chinese well.学好语文是很容易的。
句式It's+形容词(原形)+to do sth.做某事怎样
例如:It's important to read.读书是很重要的。
It's difficult to learn English well.学好英语是很困难的。
SECTION B 解析及拓展1.Cats are the most popular pets.猫是最受欢迎的宠物。
▲popular adj.通常的,大众的,受欢迎的
Many people can sing the popular song.很多人会唱那首流行歌曲。
Miss Liu is one of the most popular teachers.
刘老师是最受欢迎的老师之一。
▲most popular是popular的最高级形式。
多音节及部分双音节形容词、副词在变为比较级、最高级时直接在原级前加more或most。若为形容词最高级形式,在应用时还需加定冠词the,副词最高级前的the可以加也可以不加。
Mary is more careful than Rose. She is the most careful student in her class.
玛丽比露丝更认真,她是班上最认真的学生。
Which story is more interesting,this one or that one?
哪个故事更有趣,这个还是那个?
This coat is the most expensive of all.在所有的外套中,这件最贵。
Please do your homework more carefully next time.
下次做作业时更仔细一些。
▲pet是一个兼类词。n.爱畜,宠物;adj.宠爱的;vt.宠爱,爱抚。
My uncle gave me a goldfish as pet.我叔叔送给我一条金鱼当宠物。
Lucy has a pet dog,Tian Tian.露茜有一条叫甜甜的宠物狗。
Mimi is my pet cat’s pet name.
咪咪是我的宠物猫的爱称。(pet前为名词,后为形容词)
Mrs Fang pets her son very much.
方太太非常宠爱她的儿子。(pet,动词,宠爱)
2.not friendly enough不够友好
▲friendly adj.友好的,和善的。be friendly to…对……友好
Our teacher is very friendly.我们的老师很和善。
The girl is friendly to every one.这个女孩对每个人都很友好。
You should be friendly to the people around.你应当友好地对待你身边的人。
【注】英语中有adj.+ly→adv.的规则。如careful—carefully,quick—quickly,usual—usually,happy—happily等。提醒大家,friendly尽管有后缀ly,但不是副词而是形容词。再加early,既是形容词“早的”,又是副词“早早地”;lively/larvli/为形容词“热闹的”“充满生机的”。
另外month—monthly,week—weekly,day—daily等,既是形容词“每月(周,日)一次的”,又是名词“月刊,周刊,日报”等。如English Weekly《英语周报》,China Daily《中国日报》,切莫望文生义,看到后缀ly就将其误认为副词。
▲friend n.朋友。make friends with…和……交朋友;make friends again重归于好
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
Danny is my best friend.丹尼是我最好的朋友。
Would you like to make friends with me?你愿意和我交朋友吗?
【注】make friends with…既然是“和……交朋友”,当然是双向的,其中friend一定要用复数形式。
●friendship n.“友谊”。这是一个抽象名词,没有复数形式。
The friendship between us will be for ever.我们之间的友谊长存。
I will never forget your friendship.我永远不忘你的友谊。
3.I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child.
我认为对一个6岁的孩子来说,狗是很好的宠物。
▲a 6-year-old child一个6岁的孩子
Li Bo is a 10-year-old boy.=Li Bo is a boy of 10 years old.
李波是一个10岁的男孩。
【注】观察以上两句年龄作定语的不同。前句为“数词-year-old”三词合一,中间分别用连词符号联结,year用单数形式。后句为介词短语后置做定语,基保“数词,years,old”之间不再有连词符号,year成为复数形式。
●用a 6-year-old boy这种表达法完成句子时,若数词为8,11,18,80等,不定冠词需用“an”,原因是这些数词在用英语表达时,第一个音素为元音音素。可能直接观察很容易疏忽,这也恰是检测的重点之一。如:
Lily is an 8-year-old girl.莉莉是一个8岁的小女孩。
【拓展】
I took part in an 800-metre race.我参加了800米赛跑。
That is a 3-metre-long line.=That is a line of 3 metres long.
那是一条3米长的绳子。
▲think作谓语后加宾语从句构成的复合句在句型转换时需注意其规则。在变为否定句时,需改变主句的语气,从句不变,“I don’t think…”变为一般疑问句时,仍改变主句的句式,从句不变,“Do you think…?”在变为反意疑问句时,则需要根据从句的人称、数及时态语气等进行变化。现举例说明:
肯定陈述句:I think Wang Hai will come after school.
我认为王海放学后能来。
否定句;I don’t think Wang Hai will come after school.
我认为王海放学后不会来。
一般疑问句:Do you think Wang Hai will come after school?
你认为王海放学后能来吗?
特殊疑问句;When do you think Wang Hai will come?
你认为王海什么时候能来?
反意疑问句:I think Wang Hai will come after school,won’t he?
我认为王海放学后能来,不是吗?
当谓语动词为believe(相信),suppose(猜想)等动词时,其用法及变化规则与think相同。动动手,观察下面的句子该如何变换句型。
I believe they can reach there before five.我相信他们5点前能赶到那儿。
I suppose Betty is in her room.我猜贝蒂在她的房间里。
4.Dogs are too difficult to take care of.狗太难照顾了。
▲take care of=look after照料,照顾,看管
Lily has to look after her mother.莉莉得照顾她的妈妈。
You must take care of yourself.你一定要保重自己。
Mum told me to look after my own things.妈妈告诉我看管好我自己的东西。
【注】上述
▲这种sth. is/are+adj.+to do通常用It is+adj.+to do sth.表示。其中it为形式主语,而真正主语则是动词不定式短语to do sth.,如上句可以改为It is too difficult to take care of dogs.。
That question is very hard for me to answer.
=It is very hard for me to answer the question.
对我来说,那个问题很难回答。
Those apples are easy to reach.
=It is easy to reach those apples.
那些苹果很容易够到。
【注】用sth. it/are+adj.+to do句式表达时,动词不定式后务必不能加名词或代词作宾语,因为该句式的主语即是“某物”,从意义上说,“某物”不能把“某物”如何。这是我们在练习时很容易出现的失误。
这个箱子很难搬。
[正]The box is hard to carry.
[误] The box is hard to carry it.
5.The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig.
如今最流行的一种宠物是大肚猪。
▲trendiest“最流行的,最有发展趋势的”,是trendy的最高级。trend n.趋势,趋向。
Development is the main trend in the world today.发展是当今世界的主要趋势。
●trendy adj.流行的。
This kind of clothes is trendy.这种衣服比较流行。
▲these days当今,眼下,当前,与之同义的有today,at present等。指最近一段时间以来。相对词组有those days,其意义为“过去”,意同in the past等。
I haven’t seen Mr Liu these days.这些天来我没有见到刘先生。
Many children can sing the song these days.如今很多孩子会唱这首歌。
The workers had to work for a long time those days.
工人们过去不得不工作很长时间。
▲the pot-bellied pig大肚猪。
●pot本意为“壶”,a tea pot(茶壶),a pot of tea,一壶茶。belly,意为“肚子”,“腹部”,该词变y为i加ed成为bellied,其词性也变为形容词,pot-bellied pig的意义为“有像茶壶一样肚子的猪”,岂不是“大肚猪”?!
6.a pot-bellied pig named Connie—头叫康尼的大肚猪
▲named是一个动词过去分词,做定语表示被动,“被叫做……的”,可以修饰主语,也可以修饰宾语。
The book written by Qiong Yao is very interesting.
琼瑶写的这本书很有意思。(written作定语,修饰主语)
那个叫李建的男人是我叔叔。(named修饰主语)
我有一个叫小波的弟弟。(called修饰宾语)
Jack lost the book given by me.杰克把我给他的那本书丢了。(given修饰宾语)
7.However,life with a pig isn’t always perfect.不管怎样和猪一起生活总不是完美的。
▲however这是一个合成词,“无论如何”,“不管怎样”,仍是一个副词,用来强调句子的语气。一般用做插入语,放在句首。如:
However,I must go back today.我今天无论如何要回去。
However hard he tried,he didn’t catch up with the bus.
无论他怎样努力,他还是没能赶上车。
Whenever you come,we will welcome you.无论你什么时候来,我们都欢迎你。
无论我们来自何方,我们都应该成为好朋友。
▲life with a pig和猪一起的生活。with短语作定语。
The woman with a baby is my aunt.
那个抱(领)小孩的妇女是我的阿姨。(介词短语修饰主语)
那个留长发的小伙子急急忙忙离开了。(修饰主语)
I don’t know the girl with a red dress.我不认识那个穿红裙子的女孩。(修饰宾语)
Lucy doesn’t like dumplings with meat.露茜不喜欢肉馅饺子。(修饰宾语)
8.Now she’s too big to sleep in the home…现在她太大了,不能睡在这个房子里了……
辨析:too…to…与enough to…
①too…to…太……而不能……
当“某人”作主语时,“太……而不能……”,若“某物”作主语时,则变为too…(for sb.)to…“(某物)对某人来说太……而不能……”。
I am too tired to walk on.我累得走不动了。
John got up too late to catch up with the bus.约翰起床太晚了,没有赶上车。
That question is too difficult for Jim to answer.
那个问题对吉姆来说太难了而不能回答。
The box is too the heavy for me to carry.这个箱子对我来说大重了而搬不动。
【注】a. too…to…本身即为否定意义,表示“不能干某事”,后面的动词不定式不能再加否定词。
b.当“某物”作主语时,一定要加for sb.,因为后面的“to do”毕竟是人的动作,同时,动词不动式“to do”后面切勿再加宾语。
(2)enough to…“足够…,自己做……”。此时句子的主语,同样是“某人/物”。
Ben is old enough to go to school本够了上学的年龄了。
David is strong enough to lift the big stone.
大卫足够强壮,能举起那块大石头。
That book is interesting enough for them to read.
这本书他们读起来很有趣。
The room isn’t big enough for us to live in.这间房子我们住不够大。
Peter didn’t leave early enough to get there on time.
彼得出发不够早,没有按时赶到那儿。
【注】①此时enough为副词,修饰形容词或副词时,需放在被修饰词的后面。
②表示前提“不够……时”可以用“not+adj./ad v. enough to”表示,此时可将其中的形容词或副词替换为反义词,再用too…to句式表达,而句意不变。如上述最后两个例子,可以改写为:
The room is too small for us to live in.这间房子我们住太小了。
Peter left too late to get there on time.
彼得出发太晚了而未能按时赶到那儿。
【拓展】
①too…to…与enough to…构成简单句式,只有—个主语。
②当“某物”作主语时,to do前加for sb. to do后不加宾语(这是需要反复强调的重、难点)。
③too,enough均为副词,所修饰的形容词或副词一定用原级。
9.Sometimes I don’t have enough time to spend with her.
有时候我没有足够的时间陪她。
辨析:some time,some times,sometime与sometimes
①some time一些(点)时间。此时time为不可数名词“时间”。
Don’t worry,there is some time.(一般用a little time)
不要着急,还有些时间。
It took him some time to mend his bike last night
昨天晚上修自行车花了他一些时间。
②some times几次,几倍。这儿time为可数名词“次”,“倍”。
I have been to the Great Wall some(several)times.我去过长城几次。
The number of the students in our school is some times over that in theirs.
我们学校的学生数是他们学校的几倍。
③sometime adv.(将来)某个时候。
I believe they will come sometime.我相信他们不定什么时候能来。
We will go to plant trees sometime next week我们下周某个时候要去植树。
④sometimes adv.有时候,多用于一般现在时。
My father sometimes comes back from work very late.
我爸爸有时候下班很晚。
Sometimes I go to the park by myself.有时我会自己去公园。
【注】
①sometimes可以用于过去时,表示“过去有时”。
Mr Zhao sometime went fishing with his old friends last year.
赵先生去年有时候和他的老朋友一起去钓鱼。
②sometimes可以放在句中,也可以放在句首。
▲enough time足够的时间
●enough adj.“足够的”,修饰名词作定语或直接作表语。
He paid enough money to build the house.
他花了足够的钱修建房子。
There are enough people to move the big box.
有足够的人抬那个大箱子。
It is enough to say so to me.只要对我那样说就足够了。
●enough adv.“足以,足够”,修饰形容词或副词作状语,应该放在被修饰词的后面。
She set out early enough to catch the bus.
她出发足够早,能赶上车。
You’re clever enough to find a good idea.
你够聪明,能想出一个好主意。
▲spend“花费(时间,金钱)”,主语为某人。
spend…on sth.=spend…(in) doing sth.做某事花了多少钱(时间)。
We spent half an hour (in) cleaning the room.
我们打扫房间用了半小时。
Jack spent near an hour on his homework.
杰克做作业用了将近一小时。
How much did you spend on that new bike?
你买那辆新自行车花了多少钱?
My father spent ¥ 5000 (in) buying the computer.
我爸爸买那台电脑花了5000元。
句中spend指度过(花费)时间。spend with…和……一起度过。
10.This pet is unusual.这种宠物不同寻常。
▲unusual adj.不同寻常的,罕有的,异常的。它是由usual(平常的)加否定前缀un-派生而来。
●un+adj.=(否定意义的)adj.。un-表示“不,未,无,相反,解除”之意。如:
broken(破的)—unbroken(完好的)
known(出名的)—unknown(无名的,不为所知的)
quiet(安静的)—unquiet(不安的)
tidy(整洁的,整齐的)—untidy(不整洁的,凌乱的)
kind(和善的)—unkind(冷酷的,不客气的)等SELF CHECK 内容详解
1
Fill in the blanks with the words given. Then make your own sentences words.用所给词填空,然后用所给词造句。
expensive昂贵的 boring无聊的 cheap便宜的 special特别的
interesting有趣的
1.Today is Jim's birthday. His mother is going to make a ________ meal him.今天是吉姆的生日,他的妈妈要为他做一顿特别的饭。
2.My aunt took us out to dinner at an ________ restaurant. but the food not good at all.
我的婶婶带我们去了一个很昂贵的餐馆吃饭,但食物一点都不好吃。
2.The movie was ________ I fell asleep① half way through② it.
电影太无聊了,演了一半我就睡着了。
4.It's important to choose subjects that you find ________.
选择你感兴趣的科目是很重要的。
参考答案:
1.special 2.expensive 3.boring 4.interesting
2
Read the passage and then write about the most popular gifts among your friends and family.读短文,然后写出在你的朋友和家人中最受欢迎的礼物。
Everyone likes gifts. Some little kids think they don't get enough gifts. Some old people think they get too many gifts. Different people like different kinds of gifts. Some presents are never too small. A little child may give his mother a leaf from a tree. It's enough to make her very happy.
Gift giving is different in different countries. In Japan, people sometimes give special gifts. But they are not opened. Later, the same gift may be given away to someone else. Many people have enough things and don't want too many gifts themselves. In Canada, many people will not give big gifts to someone. They will pay for a park bench or a tree to help remember a person. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buying them gifts.In Sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift.People don't need to spend too much money. Instead④,making a meal is enough.
大家都喜欢礼物,一些小孩认为他们得不到足够的礼物。一些老人认为他们得到的礼物太多了。不同的人喜欢不同的礼物。一些礼物永远不会太小。一个小孩可能给他妈妈一片树上的叶子。这足够使她非常高兴。
在不同的国家,礼物是不同的。在日本,人们有时送一些特殊的礼物。但它们不会被打开,然后,这份礼物可能被转赠他人。许多人有足够的东西,他们不想要太多的礼物,在加拿大,许多人不会给别人大礼物,他们会为公园里的一条长凳或一棵树付钱来记住某个人。在美国,一些人宁愿请他们的家人和朋友捐钱给慈善事业也不要他们给自己买礼物。在瑞典,为别人做事就是最好的礼物,人们不需花太多的钱,做顿饭代替就足够了。
要 点 解 疑
①fell为动词fall的过去式。fall asleep意为“睡着、小睡”。
例如:I fell asleep while watching TV.我在看电视时睡着了。
asleep形容词。意为“睡着的”,以a-起首的形容词在句中只能作表语,不能放在名词前作定语。
例如:Is he sleeping? 他正在睡觉吗?
Yes, he is asleep.是的,他睡着了。
The baby is asleep in the bed.婴儿在床上睡觉了。
sleeping呵作为“睡眠中的”,用在名词前作定语。
例如:a sleeping dog.一只熟睡的狗。
①through在此意为“(指时间)从头到尾经过”。
例如:He worked through the night.他工作了一整夜。
through the ages古往今来
拓展:through,across,over的用法
through意为“穿过;通过”,指从中间经过。
例如:The road goes through the forest.这条路从森林穿过。
We can see through glass.我们能穿过玻璃看过去。
across意为“横穿;穿过”,指在物体表面或上空经过。
例如:He walked across the road every day when he was young.
年轻时,他天天穿过那条路。
例如:A wind is blowing over the sea.风吹过海面。
③too many意为“太多的”,修饰可数名词复数。
例如:too many books太多的书
too many trees太多的树
too much意思也为“太多的”。但它修饰不可数名词。
例如:too much water太多的水
too much meat太多肉
④instead意为“代替”,单独位于句首或句尾,是副词,用于句首时要用“,”和后面隔开。
例如:He is tired, let me go instead.他累了,让我代他去吧。
She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day.
她从不学习,而是整天打网球。
instead常和of连用,相当于介词,用在名词、代词、动词-ing或介词短语前。
例如:He'll go to Italy instead of France.他要去意大利,而不是法国。
You should be out playing instead of working indoors all day.
你应该到外边去活动,而不是整天呆在屋子里工作。
SELF CHECK 解析及拓展
1.birthday生日
▲这是由birth(出生)与day(天)合成的一个单词,“出生的日子”。合成词是由两个或两个以上具有独立意义的单词构成的,最多见的是名词+名词=名词,形容词+名词=名词。
●n.+n=n.
class+room=classroom(教室) school+boy=schoolboy(男学生)
boy+friend=boyfriend(男朋友) pencil+box=pencilbox(铅笔盒)
【注】(单词检测)部分中的“necklace”为neck(脖子)与lace(饰花边的带子)合成的“项链”。
●adj.+n=n.
black+board(牌,板)=blackboard(黑板)
gold(金色的,金质的)+fish=goldfish(金鱼)
2.hairy adj.有毛的,多毛的
再看一种有意思的构词法,hair(毛,头发)+y=hairy,名词+后缀y派生为形容词。
wind(风)——windy(有风的),cloud(云)——cloudy(多云的,阴的)
rain(雨)——rainy(有雨的),snow(雪)——snowy(下雪的)
sun(太阳)—sunny(晴朗的),fog(雾)—foggy(有雾的)
【注】①以上单词变形的共同特点是用来表示天气情况的形容词。
②注意观察sun及for的词形构成,现解并记住它们加后缀时与众不同的变化。
另外:salt(盐)—salty(咸的)。
3.Some little kids think they don’t get enough gifts.
有些小孩认为他们得到的礼物不够多。
▲kid与child的区别。
kid的本意为“小羊羔”,用在口语中意指“小孩”,是对“child”的昵称。child的意思为“孩子”,其复数形式不规则变化children。注意从年龄上区别以下三个单词:
baby(婴儿)—kid(幼儿,儿童)—child(少年),三个单词的共同之处为都没有性别的差异。
▲enough在句中为形容词,修饰名词gifts作定语。
4.It is enough to make her very happy.这就足以使她(指妈妈)高兴不已。
▲it指代上文提到的give his mother a leaf这件事,在句中作主语。
Tom was late again. It made his teacher angry.
汤姆又迟到了,这使老师很生气。
It rained heavily yesterday. It stopped us from going out.
昨天下大雨了,这使我们不能外出。
▲make使,让
①make sb.+adj.使某人如何
What he said made us excited.他的一席话使我们兴奋不已。
Tom’s answer made his teacher surprised.汤姆的回答使老师惊奇万分。
②make sb.+n.推举某人当……
All of us made Liu Peng our monitor.
我们大家都选刘鹏当班长。
They made me the group leader.他们选我当小组长。
③make sb.+v.使某人干某事。此时make为使役动词,当宾语(某人)后面加动词不定式作宾语补足语时,要省略动词不定式符号。
Jack’s father made him go there by himself.杰克的爸爸逼他自己去那儿。
The boss makes the workers work for twelve hours.
老板强迫工人工作12个小时。
【注】分析以上make的用法,可以将make sb.+adj.替换为make sb. feel+adj.(使某人感觉如何)。
What he said made us feel excited.他说的话令我们很兴奋。
5.Gift giving is different in different countries.
礼物的赠送方式在不同的国家是有区别的。
▲gift giving礼物的赠送(方式)。giving为名词,gift(单数)作定语。有时这种v.-ing形式构成的名词还可以作定语。
His English speaking is very good.
他的英语表达很不错。(speaking作主语)
His father is reading a newspaper in the sitting room.
他爸爸正在客厅里读报纸。(sitting作定语)
There is a big swimming pool in the Children’s Palace.
少年宫有一个大型游泳池。(swimming作定语)
▲different不同的,有差别的,其反义词为same(使用时一定在前面加the),其名词形式为difference(不同点,差异)。
句中有两个different,前者作表语,后者作定语。
看下面的例子,注意总结同义句转换的要点。
The two pictures are different.
The two pictures are not the same.
There are some differences between the two pictures.
这两幅画不一样。还可以改写为:
This picture is different from that one.这幅画和那幅画有差别。
【注】短语be different from的表达及其句式替换也是出现频率较高的一个考查点,一定要记扎实并能熟练应用。
6.But they are not opened. Later,the same gift may be given away to someone else.
但是它们(指礼物)并没有被打开。接着,同一件礼物可能又会转赠给其他人。
▲give away送出去,赠送,分配
Aunt Wang gave away the candies to the kids.
王阿姨把糖果分给孩子们。
John gave away his notebook to me.约翰把他的笔记本赠给了我。
▲someone else别人,其他人。else adj.别的,另外的,其他的,n.;其他的东西。
What else do you want?你还要什么?
He said nothing else.他没有再说什么。
Is there anyone else in the room?房间里还有其他人吗?
He told someone else about it.他把那件事告诉了其他人。
【注】因nothing,anyone,someone等为不定代词,在用else修饰时,将修饰词后置。
●这两个简单句都是被动语态句子。
被动语态是表示动作承受着作主语的一种表达形式。
被动语态的构成:主语十助动词be+(及物动词)过去分词+其他。
其中be动词为限定动词,需根据主语的人称和数以及句子的时态进行变化。
被动语态的否定式为:主语+be+not+过去分词+其他。
被动语态的疑问式为:Be+主语十过去分词+其他?
被动语态的用法:
①需要强调动作承受者时,用被动语态结构;
②不知道谁是执行者的时候,也应该用被动语态结构。
English is spoken by many people.许多人说英语。(强调承受者)
The glass was broken last week.玻璃上周被打破了。(不知道执行者)
Tom’s homework isn’t handed in.汤姆的作业没有上交。(否定式)
Is this kind of bike made in Qingdao?这种自行车是青岛产的吗?(疑问式)
7.They will pay for a park bench or a tree to help remember a person.
他们将会认购公园里的一条长椅或一棵树用以纪念一个人。
▲pay for为……而付钱,买下
辨析:pay,spend与cost
①pay付钱,买。跟宾语sth.时加介词for,一般为某人作主语,
I paid 5 yuan for the new pen.
我买那枝新钢笔花了5元钱。
How much did you pay for your bike?你买自行车花了多少钱?
②spend花费,spend on sth.=spend (in) doing sth.某人作哇语。
Mr Zhao spent $ 10000 on the new house.
赵先生买房花了一万美元。
Zhang Lan spent 150 yuan (in) buying her coat.
张兰买外套花了150元。
③cost花费,后跟双宾语cost sb.+金钱,通常某物作主语。
That computer cost Wang Kai 5000 yuan.
那台电脑花了王凯5000元。
The dictionary cost me 10 yuan.
那本词典花了我10元钱。
【注】这类近义词通常以改写同义句的形式进行考查。
如“汤姆买那架照相机花了300元”可以分别表达为“
Tom paid 300 yuan for that camera.
Tom paid 300 yuan on that camera.
Tom spent 300 yuan buying that camera.
That camera cost Tom 300 yuan.
▲to help remember…帮助回忆起……
这是一个动词不定式短语作目的状语的用法。其中又有help后跟省to不定式remember作补语。
①“要求某人做某事”,用ask sb.to do sth.即当动词ask跟宾语,再出现宾语补足语的时候,需用动词不定式形式。类似的还有tell sb. to do sth.,order sb. to do sth.,teach sb. to do sth.。
②若make,let等使役动词或see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词作谓语时,后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略动词不定式符号。
如see sb. read a book,hear sb. sing a song。
③当help作谓语,后面加动词不定式短语作宾语补足语的时候,其中的动词不定式符号to既可以省略,又可以保留。
Tom often helps me to study English.
=Tom often helps me study English.
汤姆经常帮我学英语。
We helped the farmers to,pick apples last week.
=We helped the farmers pick apples last week。
我们上周帮农民伯伯摘苹果了。
▲person人,没有年龄,性别之分,不含政治色彩。
辨析:people,person与man
①people作“人”“人们”讲时,应该用其单数形式表示复数概念。
a lot of people,1000 people,但不能表示为a people。the people指“人民”,带有政治色彩。另外,people作“民族”之意时,有单复数之分。a people指“一个民族”,peoples则是“不同的民族”。
There are many people in the park on Sundays.
星期天公园里有许多人。(people人,人们)
We should study hard for the people.
我们应当为人民而努力学习。(the people人民)
There are 56 peoples in China.
中国有56个民族。(peoples民族)
②person指一般意义上的人。它可以指不同年龄、不同性别的clild,boy,girl,man,woman等,有单复数形式。表示一个人可以用a person,而不能用a people,但表示许多人,如“500人”则应为500 people,而不是500 persons。
③man一方面指成人男子,有时作“人类”,“人”(男女均包括其中),前面一般不加冠词。a man可理解为“一个人”,也可指“一个男人”。
No man can work it out.没有人能解决那个问题。
That man with glasses is our teacher.
那个戴眼镜的男人是我们的老师。
8.In Sweden,doing something for someone is the best gift.
在瑞典,为别人做些事情是最好的礼物。
▲doing something动名词做主语。
Walking on the moon is very interesting.
在月球上行走非常有意思。
Having exercise is good for our health.
进行体育锻炼对我们的身体有益。
这种句式还可以用It is+adj.+to do sth.替换,其中it为形式主语,而to do sth.则是动词不定式短语作真正主语。以上句子可以改写为:
It is very interesting to walk on the moon.
It is good for our health to have exercise.
In Sweden,it is the best gift to do something for someone.
READING1.China will be the host for the 2008 Olympics.中国将主办2008年奥运会。
辨析:have,hold与host
三者都有“举行,召开(会议)”的意义。
①have是常用的一个动词,表示进行某一活动。再如have a meeting,have a rest,have a walk,have sports等。
②hold是“召开,举行”,主语既是承办者,又是参与者,参与者成分比较单纯,是本单位或团体内部自主举行的活动。
We held a sports meeting last week,我们上周召开了一次运动会。
③host本意为“主人”,在此为“做主人”“做东”“主办”之意。指由多个单位或团体联合举行的某一活动交由某一单位具体组织。
▲Olympics=the Olympic Games奥林匹克运动会,简称奥运会。
是当今世界上规模最大,影响最深,项目最全,参与人数最多的全球性体育盛会。
一百多年前,人们在希腊奥林匹亚山附近召开了一次有多个国家运动员参与的运动会,由此每四年举办一次,由不同的国家轮流主办,至2008年北京奥运会将是第二十九届。到时候我们将是奥运会的host(东道主)。我们一定要积极锻炼刻苦学习,积极参与为国争光。
2.…so many Chinese people want to improve their English.
那么多中国人想提高自己的英语水平。
▲want to do sth.“打算做某事”,后加动词不定式短语做宾语,也可以加名词或代词做宾语。
want sth.或want to do sth.
I want to visit my grandparents next week.
下周我想去看望一下我的祖父母。(动词不定式短语做宾语)
Jack was hungry. He wanted some bread.
杰克饿了,想吃点面包。(名词some bread做宾语)
Lily wanted me to buy her a book.
莉莉想让我给她买本书。(代词me做宾语,动词不定式短语to buy…做宾补。)
▲improve vt.提高,改善
You must practice much and improve your English.
你必须多进行训练,以提高英语水平。
Taking care of and improving the environment is our duty.
保护并改善环境是我们的责任。
3.Twenty-four young singers competed with each other by singing popular English songs。
24名年轻歌手通过演唱流行歌曲的方式相互展开竞争。
▲by singing“以……的方式”,by为介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。
【注】这是英语动词考查中经常出现的一个要点,介词后面给一个动词,根据需要,应该把动词变成动名词形式。
Peter is good at playing football.彼得擅长踢足球。
Many young people are interested in singing English songs。
很多年轻人对演唱英文歌曲感兴趣。
Thank you for asking me to your birthday party.
感谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会。
Han Mei want to school without having breakfast.
韩梅没吃早饭就去了学校。
Peng Bo was tired after running.彭波跑完步后很累。
4.These young singers were able to sing English songs just as well as native speakers.
这些年轻歌手能够把英文歌曲演唱得与原唱一样动听。
辨析:be able to与can
意义区别:be able to表示对某一动作的能力程度,指是否具备某种能力。can除表示能力外,还表示是否具备某种条件,在问句中问对方是否愿意等。
The boy can speak a little English.
=The boy is able to speak a little English.
这个男孩会说一点儿英语。
Can you play the plute?=Are you able to play the plute?
你会吹笛子吗?
I am able to swim. But I can’t swim in the classroom.
我会游泳,但在教室里我不能游泳。
前句中的be able to表示能力,后句中的can’t表示不具备游泳的条件。
I can’t answer the question,Can you help me?
我不会回答那个问题,你能帮我一下吗?
前句中的can’t表示不具备某种能力,后句中的can指问对方的意见。
▲as well as像……一样好as…as…像……一样……
第一个as为副词,后面跟形容词或副词原级,后一个as为介词,后跟名词或代词、某人或某物,表示两者程度相同。
Jack runs as fast as Bob.杰克跑得和鲍勃一样快。
Wang Fang does her homework as carefully as Li Tian.
王芳做作业像李甜一样认真。
This book is as interesting as that one.这本书和那本书一样有趣。
【注】其否定结构是not as (so)…,意为“与……不一样”“不如……”。
I didn’t get up as early as my mother.我起床不如妈妈早。
This coat isn’t so cheap as that one.这件外套不如那件便宜。
当表示两种程度相同时,只能用as…as…,若两者程度不同,用否定式表达时,可以用not as…as…或mot so…as…
▲native speaker本地歌手 native adj.本地的,本国的
China is our native land.中国是我们的祖国。
We should learn our native language well.我们应当学好我们的母语。
5.…studying English helped her win the prize.
……学英语帮她获得了大奖。
▲studying为动名词做主语
Reading English is fun.读英语是件有意思的事。
Smoking isn’t allowed in the reading room.
阅览室禁止吸烟。
Making noise made Mr.Zhao annoyed.
吵吵嚷嚷使赵老师很恼火。
▲help sb.(to) do sth.帮某人做某事
to do sth.为动词不定式短语,做宾语补足语。其中动词不定式符号to可以省略,也可以保留。
I help mother do some housework some times.
我有时帮妈妈做点儿家务。
Can you help me to get the book from the top of the shelf?
你帮我从书橱上拿下那本书好吗?
6.…she felt her English was not good enough,…
……她感到自己的英语不太好,……
▲felt,feel的过去式形式,“感到,感觉”。常用做系动词,后跟形容词做表语。
I felt a bit cold yesterday.昨天我感到有点冷。
All the children are feeling excited.
所有的孩子都感到异常兴奋。
●feel后也可以跟宾语从句。
We all fell(that)he is a friendly man.
我们大家都觉得他是一个平易近人的人。
Lucy felt that we should not do it next time.
露茜认为我们下次不应该再那样做。
He said loudly enough,we could hear him.
他说话声音足够大,我们能听清楚。
7.…singing English songs made her more interested in,learning English.
……演唱英语歌曲更加激发了她学习英语的兴趣。
▲句中出现了两个动名词形式,singing English songs做主语,learning English做
主语的用法参见本单元解析。
介词后跟动名词的用法,本单元也有许多类似的例句,注意比较。
▲made her more interested in…使她对……更感兴趣
此结构为make sb.+adj.形式。
What he said made me happy.他的一席话使我异常高兴。
That news made every one here surprised.
那个消息使在场的每一个人都大吃一惊。
8.This kind of contest encourages people in China to speak English.
这种比赛鼓舞中国人踊跃学说英语。
▲encourage鼓舞,刺激,吸引
encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
encouraged adj.受鼓舞的
The sports meeting encouraged many students to take part in.
运动会吸引了好多学生参加。
That activity encouraged us to take care of our environment.
这项活动鼓舞我们积极保护我们的环境。
9.We should try to make progress before the Olympics.
在奥运会以前我们应当在英语方面尽量取得进步与提高。
▲try to do sth.尽量做某事
=try one’s best to do sth.=do one’s best to do sth.。
●其否定式为try not to do sth.尽量不要做某事
The man tried to find his lost bag.
那个人试图找到他丢失的包。
Please try not to be late for the meeting.
尽量不要耽误开会。
▲make progress取得进步
Wang Lei’s English mark has made progress.
王磊的英语成绩取得了进步。
I made a good progress in the exam.
在考试中我又有了进步。
10.He agrees that it is a good idea to have fun with English.
使英语学习充满乐趣,是一个不错的主意,对这种观点他表示赞同。
▲agree“同意,赞同”。agree with后面的宾语为sb.,agree on后面的宾语则为sth.,指某人的看法观点。agree还可以加从句做宾语。
No one agreed on Tom.
12.It suggests ways for Beijingers to take an interest.
它为北京人提供了许多好的方法,以使他们对学习英语逐步感兴趣。
▲suggest v.建议,提议
●suggest doing sth.建议做某事(动名词作宾语)
●suggest that+宾语从句,建议某事
Ann suggested going to the Summer Palace next Sunday.
安提议下周去颐和园。
Mr Huang suggested that we should wash our teeth everyday.
黄老师建议我们每天刷牙。
▲Beijinger“北京人”,显而易见,是由Beijing加-er而来.相当于…the people of Beijing。如:foreign(外国的)→foreigrier(外国人)
win(获胜)→winner(获胜者)
speak(说话)→speaker(发言者)
▲take an interest in对……感兴趣的
其中interest为名词,表示“在某一方面突出,表现出兴趣”,注重动作。be interested in中interested为形容词,该短语表示某人对某一事物“感兴趣”,注重状态。
The children took an interest in that picture.
孩子们对那幅画表现出浓厚的兴趣。
Fishing is funny. He takes an interest in it.
钓鱼其乐无穷,他对此很有兴趣。
Mary is interested in all the subjects.
玛丽对所有的课程都感兴趣。
13.Besides singing English songs,there are many other fun ways to learn English.
除了演唱英语歌曲外,其实学英语还有很多其他有意思的好办法。
辨析:except,nothing but与besides
①except意为“除……之外,其余都……”。亦即except所修饰的人或物被排除在外,不与大多数一致。
All the students went to the park except Jack.
除杰克外,其余的学生都去了公园。
I am free except today,除了今天,我随时都有空。
②nothing(nobody)but…除……之外,不再有什么(人)。此短语中肯定少数,否定多数。
There is nothing but an old book in the box.
箱子里除了一本旧书外别无他物。
I have no money but 5 yuan.我身上除了5元钱外,再也没有钱了。
Bill didn’t know anyone but his uncle.
比尔除了认识他叔叔外,其余人他都不认识。
③besides“除……之外。还有……”,表示肯定,是递进关系。
Besides Mr Liu. some people ran to help the old man.
除了刘老师.还有几个人跑过去帮那位老人。
Besides maths homework,you should hand in your English homework.
除了数学作业,你还要把英语作业交上。
大家能否从下列图示中看出端倪。(阴影部分表示否定)。
▲to learn English动词不定式短语做定语。
Bob has much homework to do.鲍勃有许多作业要做。
I got some bread to eat.我弄了点儿面包吃。
Reading Why don't you learn to sing English songs?·内容详解
Section 1 Before You Read 课文1读前预测
1a
PAIRWORK 结对练习
How many English songs can you think of? Which are your favorites? 你能想起多少首英文歌曲?哪些是你最喜欢的?
1b
How can singing English songs help your English? Make a list.唱英语歌怎样才能帮助你学英语?列个表。
Section 2 While You Read 课文2进入阅读
Reading strategy:阅读策略:
Skim through the text once without stopping.不间断地浏览一次正文。
To understand the important ideas from the text, we must'summarize’.
为了理解正文的重要的思想,我们必须'总结’。
Do this by answering'who, what, where, why’questions as you read。
可以通过边读边回答'谁,什么,在哪里,为什么’的方式来进行总结。
Why don't you learn to sing English songs?
China will be the host① for the 2008 Olympics, and so many Chinese people want to improve their English. For example, twenty—four young singers from across China entered a singing contest by② singing popular English songs. Nearly all the singers sang very clearly, and looked comfortable on stage. Some of these singers were able to sing English songs just as well as③ native speakers.
The singers really came from all age groups, and from all over④ China. The winner of the men's competition was a 40—year—old man from Xi'an, and the winner of the women's competition was a 19-year-old girl from Dalian. Both winners were very modest, and said that they didn't think they were better than the other singers. Jiang Mei, the winner of the women's competition, said studying English helped her win the prize. Six months earlier, she felt her English was not good enough, so she had to study hard. She also said that singing English songs made her more interested in learning English.
This kind of contest encourages people in China to speak English.“Chinese people should try to speak English more. We should try to make progress before the Olympics,”said a spokesperson from the Olympic Committee. He agrees⑤ that it is a good idea to have fun with English.
Have you ever heard of the Beijing Speaks English program? If⑥ not, why don't you find out about it? It suggests ways for Beijingers to take an interest in learning English. Besides singing English songs, there are many other fun ways to learn English. What about watching English movies, or reading English books? Maybe you could even make friends with a native speaker of English. If you look hard enough⑦, you'll find a good way to learn English better.
为什么不学唱英文歌曲呢?
中国将举办2008年奥运会,许多中国人想要提高他们的英语水平。例如,24位年轻的中国歌手通过唱英语流行歌曲进入歌唱大赛。几乎所有的歌手都唱得非常清楚,并且舞台表演也自然大方。其中一些歌手所唱的英文歌能和以英语为母语的人唱得一样好。
歌手们来自各个年龄段,来自中国各地。男歌手大赛的获胜者是一位来自西安的40岁的男士,女歌手大赛的获胜者是一位来自大连的19岁的女孩。两位获奖者都非常谦虚,并且说他们认为自己不比其他歌手好。女歌手大赛的获奖者江梅说学习英语帮助她获得了这项荣誉。6个月以前,她感到她的英语不够好,因此她必须努力学习。她还说唱英文歌使她对学习英语更加感兴趣了。
你听说过《北京说英语》节目吗?如果没有的话,你为什么不找一找呢?它向北京人推荐了对学英语感兴趣的方法。除唱英语歌以外,还有很多其他的快乐学英语的方法。看看英文电影,或是读点英文书籍怎么样?甚至你还可以与一个以英语为母语的人交朋友。如果你努力探索的话,你将找到一种更好地学英语的好方法。
Section 3 After You Read 课文3读后检测
a Are these statements true, false, or not mentioned in the reading? 这些句子是正确、错误还是阅读中没有提到?
Statements句子
True
对
False
错
Not mentioned
没提到
Three good ways of improving English are mentioned.
提到了3种改进英语的好方式。
The winners both agreed that they were the best singers.
两位获奖者都同意他们是最好的歌手。
Studying English helped Jiang Mei win the prize.
学习英语帮助江梅获了奖。
Singing songs doesn't mean you can speak English well.
唱歌并不意味着你能够把英语讲好。
Reading English books is a better way of learning than watching movies.
读英语书是一种比看电影更好的学习方式。
b
Have you ever tried improving your English using any of the ways mentioned in the reading? What other ways can you think of⑧ to improve your English?你曾经试过使用在阅读过程中提及的任何方式改进你的英语了吗?你能想到什么其他方式改进你的英语?
要 点 解 疑
①host有两种词性。
host动词,意思是“作东;款待”。
例如:host the visitors招待来宾
host a garden party举只一个游园会
host名词,意思是“主人”。
例如:a host country东道国
Mr brown was our host at the party.布朗先生是我们晚会的主人。
②by(同near表位置)意思是“在……旁;靠近”。
例如:sit by me靠我旁边坐下
by the river河边
by(同through)意思是“沿;经;从旁边经过”。
例如:go by the mearest road.抄近路
He passed by me without noticing me.他从我旁边经过而没注意到我。
by(表时间)意思是“不迟于;到……时;在……以前”。
例如:Will you finish the task by tomorrow? 到明天你能完成任务吗?
by 1992截止到1992年
by(表示法、手段)意思是“由、靠、用、通过”。
例如:enter by the door由门进入 travel by air乘飞机旅行
by意思是“被;由、受”,用于被动语态。
例如:a novel by dickens.狄更斯的小说
③as?as意思是“像……一样”,as+形容词原级+as.
在as?as结构中。前一个as为副词,后一个as为连词;改为否定句时用not as?as或not so?as.
例如:Tom is as tall as I.汤姆和我一样高。
Jack is not so as clever as his sister.杰克不如他姐姐聪明。
Your school isn't as big as ours.你们的学校不如我们的学校大,
④all over意思是“在各地,到外,混身”。
例如:We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
They go and look for the lost kid all over the town.他们到城里的小巷去寻找丢失的孩子。
⑤agree是“意见一致;赞成;同意”。用作及物动词或不及物动词。通常不进行时,它所组成的常见搭配有;“同意或赞成某件事情”用agree on/ about sth“同意某人的意见或建议”用agree with sb.;“同意做某事”用agree to do sth.
例如:Our manager agreed on the plan.经理同意了这个计划。
They all agreed to climb the mountain.他们都同意去爬山。
⑥“引导的条件状语从句中和when,before,after,until,as soon as等引的时间状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
例如:If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the Summer palace Park.
如果明天不下雨,我们就到颐和园去。
I'll tell him the good news when he comes back.
他回来时,我就告诉他这个好消息。
⑦enough作名词时,表示“足够的人或物”,用宋代替可数名词或不可数名词;enough用形容词时,表示“足够的”,修饰名词作定语,放在名词前后均可;enough作副词修饰形容词、副词等时,放在它所修饰的词的后面。常用的句型是;形容词/副词+enough to do sth.意思是“足够……于某事”。它与句型too?to?的意思相反。
例如:My brother is old enough to go to work on farm.
我弟弟足够大了,可以在农场干活了。
My sister is too young to go to school.我妹妹太小了,不能去上学。
⑧think of多用来指“想起”。
例如:My teacher couldn't think of my name at the moment.
我的老师那时想不起我的名字。
think of用于发表或宣布决定,意为“认为”。
例如:We don't think much of that doctor.我们对那个基生的评价不高。
think of有“想象”的意思。
例如:I shouldn't think of doing such a thing.
我简直想象不到会做这种事情。单元语法归纳
GRAMMAR
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的构成
▲规则变化
构成规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般在词尾加-er/s:/或-est/ist/
long
tall
longer
taller
longest
tallest
以字母e结尾的.加-r或-st
late
large
later
larger
latest
largest
以重读闭音节结尾的词,词尾只有一个辅音字母时.应先双写这一辅音字母.再加-er或-est
hot
fat
big
hotter
fatter
bigger
hottest
fattest
biggest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词.先改y为i.再加-er或-est
heavy
happy
dry
heavier
happier
drier
heaviest
happiest
driest
少数以-er.-ew结尾的双音节词,可加-er或-est
few
clever
fewer
cleverer
fewest
cleverest
部分双音节和多音节前加more或most构成比较级或最高级。
famous—more famous—most famous
careful—more careful—most careful
interesting—more interesting—most interesting
popular—more popular—most popular
often—more often—most often
▲不规则形容词或副词的比较级和最高级如下表
原级
比较级
最高级
说明
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
lest
far
farther(更远)
farthest
表示直义
further(更进一步)
furthest
表示转义
old
older(更老的,更旧的)
oldest
比较年龄的大小
elder(年长的)
eldest
指家庭成员的长幼
2.形容词、副词比较级的用法
等级
比较程度
句型
例句
说明
原级
A=B
as+原级+as
(像……一样……)
Tom runs as fast as Jack.
Li Lei is as tall as Zhang Hai.
A≠B
not as/so+原级+as(不像……一样……)
Lucy doesn’t sing as well as Lily.
This book isn’t as interesting as that one.
比较级
A>B或A<B
比较级+than
(比……)
Liu Mei is fatter than Wei Hua.
Kate is a little shorter than Mary.
最
高
级
A>B,C,D…或A<BC,D…
the+最高级+
of/in(最……)
Jim runs fastest in his class.
Ann is the youngest of the five.
副词最
高级前
的the
可以省
略。
one of+最高级(形容词)+复数名词(最……的……之一)
The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
the+序数词+最高级(形)+单数名词(第几大,长等……)
English is the first most useful language of all.
词语辨析
1.instead与instead of
(1)作为副词,instead的含意是“代替,顶替”,表示前面的事情没做,而是做了后面的事。如:
He wanted to be a great singer, but he became a doctor instead.他想当名歌唱家,但他却成了一名医生。
He didn't answer me. Instead, he asked me another question.他没有回答我,反而问了我另一个问题。
If Harry isn't well enough to go with you, take me instead.如果Harry身体不好不能跟你去,就带我去吧。
(2)instead of是介词词组,后接一个并列成分,可能是名词、代词、介词短语、副词等。接动词时,应该用-ing形式。instead of短语具有否定意义,后面跟没有做的事情。如:
I will go instead of you.我代替你去吧。
I stayed in bed all day instead of going to work.我没有去上班,而是在床上呆了一整天。
He answered this question instead of that.他没回答那个问题,而是回答了这个问题。
2.a number of与the number of
(1)a number of意为“大量的”、“许多的”,后接复数名词,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如:
A number of books were stolen from the library.图书馆遗失了很多书。
(2)the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词总是用单数形式。如:
The number of students in our school is about two thousand.我们学校的学生人数大约是两千。
3.too much与much too
too much的中心词是much,too修饰much,以加强语气。too much修饰不可数名词或单独使用,意为“more than enough”,与too many相对,后者修饰可数名词或单独使用。如:
Don't eat too much sugar, it's not good for your health.别吃太多的糖,那会影响你的健康。
There is too much meat in this dish.这顿饭有太多的肉了。
He drank too much last night, so he didn't feel very well.昨天晚上他喝多了,感觉很不舒服。
There is too much smoke in the meeting room.会议室里烟太多了。
much too的中心词为too,much修饰too,以加强语气,too用在形容词或副词之前。如:
My uncle is a businessman. He is always much too busy.我的叔叔是个商人,他一直很忙。
This sweater is much too expensive.这件运动衣太贵了。
They are much too slow, aren't they?他们太慢了,是吧? 重点难点
1.比较物品的性质的句子
That's too expensive.表示那件东西太贵,你无力购买或那么贵重的东西送给某人不合适。
That's not interesting enough.那不够有趣。
2.表示提建议的句子
Why don't you…?=Why not…?你为什么不……呢?如:
Why don't you /Why not get a computer?你为什么不买台电脑呢?
How about…?=What about…?……如何?……怎么样?后面跟sth.或
doing sth.。如:
How about /What about a dress?一条裙子怎么样?
How about /What about playing tennis?打网球怎么样?
3.现在完成时表示过去曾做过某事
What's the best gift you have ever received?你曾收到的最好的礼物是什么? 单词解析
1.suggestion /s?'d?est??n/
n.①提议,建议:on your suggestion照你的建议 ②所提出或建议的主意、观点或计划等:These suggestions didn't appeal to me.我对这些建议毫无兴趣。
2.comment / 'k?ment/
n.意见,评论,批评
v.评论,发表意见
3.special /'spe?l/
adj.①特别的,特殊的;②专门的
4.creative /kri'eitiv/
adj.创造的,创造性的
【引申】create /kri'eit/v.创建,创造。
5.personal /'p?:s?nl/
adj.①个人的,私人的;②身体的,人生的;③亲自的,本人的;④(语法上)人称的
6.receive /r?'s??v/
v.收到,接到:He received a letter.他收到了一封信。We will receive guests tonight.我们今晚要招待宾客。
【记忆法】注意ei的发音为[i:]。
7.spider / 'spa?d?(r)/
n.蜘蛛
8.hamster /'h?mst?(r)/
n.仓鼠
9.pot /pɑt /p?t/
n.壶,瓶,锅,罐:pots and pans烹饪器具
10.belly /'bel?/
n.①腹部;②物体鼓出或成弧状的部分
【引申】-bellied“有某种类型肚子的”,用以构成复合形容词。
11.perfect /'p?rf?kt /
adj.完美的,极好的:a perfect man十全十美的人
【记忆法】注意第二个e读[i]。
【引申】perfect adj.→perfectly adv.;同义词:excellent;反义词:imperfect。
12.rabbit / 'r?b?t/
n.兔子
13.company /'k?mp?n?/
n.①陪伴:I shall be glad of your company on the journey.我将很高兴与你同行。②公司,商行
14.rather / 'r?e?(r)/
adv.①宁可,宁愿:I'm rather bored than tired.我与其说是疲倦不如说是厌倦。②相当地:It's rather cold today.今天相当冷。
15.instead /?n'sted/
adv.代替,顶替:The water here is not good, I'm drinking beer instead.此地的水不好,所以我改喝啤酒。
【记忆法】in+stead。
16.compete /k?m'pi?t/
v.竞争,对抗,比赛
17.native /'ne?t?v/
adj.①本族的;②土生土长的,当地产的
n.①某地出生的人;②土著居民
18.modest /'mɑd?st/
adj.谦逊的
19.encourage / ?n'k?r?d?/
v.鼓励
【记忆法】en+courage(名词:勇气)。“en”是构成动词的前缀,en+courage则意为“给予勇气”,即“鼓励”。
【考点】encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事:He encouraged me to take partin the activity.他鼓励我参加活动。
【引申】encouraging adj.振奋人心的;encouragement n.激励,奖励。
20.progress /'prɑgres /'pr??gres/
n.进步:the progress of science科学的进步
【记忆法】pro(向前)+gress。
【引申】progressive adj.进步的。
21.audience /'??dj?ns/
n.听众,观众 典型例题
关于too…to结构例析
改写同义句
The dogs are so hard that we can’t take care of them.
The dogs are _________ hard for us _________ take care of.
精析:此题考查so…that…与too…to结构的转换。在so…that…从句中,主从句主语不一致时,可用介词短语for sb.表示。
答案:too,to
关于副词too和enough用法例析
例1 —What should I get my sister for her birthday?
—How about a necklace?
—No, that’s _________.
A. very interesting B. very expensive
C. too expensive D. too interesting
精析:此题考查副词too和very的用法,too强调“太;过于”,而very强调“很,十分”。necklace为贵重之物,应选词expensive。
答案:C
例 2 That’s not a good idea. It’s not ______.
A. creative enough B. enough creative
C. too creative D. very boring
精析:enough作副词修饰形容词时往往位于被修饰词之后。enough作形容词修饰名词时,可置于名词前也可置于名词之后。
答案:A例题解析
【例 1】(2004年)根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词。
In 1995, Oseola McCarty gave $150,000 to the University of Southem Mississippi. She wanted to help p 1 students. Her friends and neighbors were s 2 when they heard the news. McCarty was a good woman and was always friendly and helpful. Everyone in her town knew that she was not r 3 . In fact, she was poor.
How did a poor 86-year-old woman have so m 4 money? Oseola McCarty was born in 1908. She had to l 5 school when she was eight years old to help her family. Her job was washing clothes. She got only a few dollars a day. She washed the clothes by hand. Then she h 6 the clothes to dry. She did this for nearly 80 years. McCarty never m 7 and she had no children. Her life was very simple(简朴的). She went to work and to church. She had a black-and-white television, but she did not watch it very often.
Oseola McCarty s 8 money all her life and had about $250,000. At the a 9 of 86, she left money to the church, the university and her r 10 . She just wanted to help others. She was a shy woman, but she became famous.
答案 1.poor 2.surprised 3.rich 4.much 5.leave 6.hung 7.married 8.saved 9.age 10.relatives
【例 2】(2003年)根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Mr George ________ (use) to take a walk after supper when he was in the countryside.</PGN0154.TXT/PGN>
2.Tom did well in the composition, so his classmates spoke ________ (high) of him.
3.Great ________ (hope) make great man.
4.On ________ (one's) way to the park, he saw many young girls dancing there.
5.It is a ________ (please) trip for all of us.
6.There ________ (be) a saying, "No news is good news."
7.Health is the greatest ________ (happy) in one's life.
8.Could you cut the pear into two ________ (half)?
9.In the ________ (twenty-one) century, there will be more inventions.
10.Two ________ (hour) ride is not so long.
答案 1.used 2.highly 3.hopes 4.his 5.pleasant 6.is 7.happiness 8.halves 9.twenty-first 10.hours'
【例 3】 选择题。
The children shouted ________ the driver, but he didn't hear them.
A.at B.to
C.with D.for
误点 shout at sb.对某人大声叫喊(指愤怒,含敌意)。如:
They shouted at me.他们对我大声叫喊。
shout to sb.向某人叫喊。如:
He shouted to me and warned me of the danger.他向我呼喊,叫我注意危险。
精析 分析“shout”叫喊的目的。
答案 B
【例 4】 选择题。
The child ________ to move the bag of rice ________ he heard the sound of the motorbike.
A.was running; when B.was runing; when
C.run; when D.was running; since
误点 忽视动词run词尾的辅音字母应双写,再加-ing形式;没有正确地运用时态。选项B和C错选率更高。
精析 解答此题时,关键是要选准连接词,再根据从句的时态去确定主句的时态。根据句意,主句应为过去进行时。
答案 A</PGN0155.TXT/PGN>
【例 5】 选择题。
Did you see him ________ the washing machine when you were walking ________.
A.using; pass B.use; past
C.to use; past D.used; past
误点 对该题的题意理解不到位,常用的语法知识掌握不牢,词性使用不当。没有分辨pass的词性。错用see sb. to do sth.结构的相当多。
精析 see sb. do sth.表示“看见某人干什么”,do是不带to的不定式,作宾语补足语。walk past意为“走过去”,past在此作副词,也可说walk by。past和by也可作介词,后面接宾语。如:walk past(by) me从我身旁经过。另外动词pass也有相近的含义:walk past(by)=pass by。
答案 B
【例 6】 选择题。
The woman crossed the road carefully ________ a baby ________ her arms.
A.and; in B.with; under
C.and; at D.with; in
误点 对一些介词所表示的意义没有分清。甚至用到连词and,把意思理解为“和一个婴儿”,所以失误。
精析 介词with+n.+prep.短语,表示伴随状态,常用作状语。介词in表示“在……里”,in the arms表示“在怀抱里”,under“在……之下”。如:The teacher came into the classroom with some books under his arm.老师腋下夹着几本书,走进了教室。
答案 D 例句解析
1.What should I get my mom for her birthday?我应该为我妈妈的生日买点什么礼物呢?
(1)句中should为情态动词,意为“应该”、“应当”,其后接动词原形,用于各种人称和数。如:
You should finish your work first.你应该先完成工作。
Why should I pay for him?我凭什么要给他付款呢?
(2)for为介词,“为……;给……”,表示对象或原因,试比较:
These flowers are for you.这些花儿是送给你的。(表对象)
Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。(表原因)
2.-How about a scarf?(买)一条围巾怎么样?
-No, that's too boring.不行,那太没意思了。
(1)How about意思是“……怎么样”,具体含义要紧扣上文去理解。也可以说What about。值得注意的是about是介词,所以其后只能接名词、代词、动名词等具有名词性质的词。如:
-When shall we meet tomorrow?我们明天几点钟见面?
-How about 8∶00?八点钟怎么样?
-Let's make it a little earlier.还是早点吧。
(2)That's too boring意为“那太没意思了”。too用于形容词或副词前,意为“太”、“过于”,一般表示不好的事情。如:
You're going too fast, slow down!你走得太快了,慢一点!
特别提示:too还可以作“也”讲,相当于also,通常置于句子末尾,用逗号隔开。在否定句中不用too,而用either。如:
She likes travelling, too.她也喜欢旅行。
He can't sing well. I can't, either.他唱歌唱得不好,我也唱得不好。
3.What's the best gift Joe has ever received?乔曾经得到的最好的礼物是什么?
句子中Joe has ever received是一个定语从句,修饰the best gift。该从句用现在完成时,表示“到目前为止乔得到过的(礼物)”。如:
This is the most boring film I've ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最乏味的一部电影。
4.Dogs are too difficult to take care of.狗太难照料了。
(1)too+形容词或副词+to+动词原形,意为“太……而不能……”。如:
You speak too fast to be followed.你讲话太快了,以致让人跟不上(听不懂)。
The boy is too young to go to school.这男孩太小而不能上学。
(2)take care of意为“照顾,照料”,与look after意思相当。表示“照顾好”则说take good care of。如:
Please take good care of your sister.请照看好你妹妹。 典型例题解析
1.The ice in the lake is as________ as it was before.(2004·山西省中考题)
A. thin B. thinner C. thinnest D. the thinnest
赏析:该题目的主旨在于考查副词as的用法。
as…as…像……一样……前一个as为副词,修饰形容词、副词,第二个as为介词,“像……”。
英语中修饰形容词或副词的还有too,very,so,quite,rather等,它们所修饰的形容词或副词一律用原级。
答案:A
2.You’d better not read today’s newspaper,because there is________ in it.
(2004·沈阳市中考题)
A. something interesting B. anything new
C. important thing D. nothing special
赏析:本题目目的是考查形容词修饰不定代词的用法。
当something,anything,nothing,eveything及somebody,someone,anybody等不定代词加形容词修饰时,一定要将形容词后置。
再看句子的意义,“最好不要看今天的报纸”,说明没有值得看的内容,由此判断原因状语从句为否定意义,故选nothing special。注意,若原因状语从句为because there isn’t…的时候,我们就可以选用anything new了。
答案:D
3.It________Yang Liwei about 21 hours________ the earth 14 times in his spaceship.(2004·陕西省中考题)
A. spent;circling B. took;travelling C. spent;to travel D. took;to circle
赏析:本题目的考法还有很多。目的是考查“花费时间(金钱)”的英语表达方式。当某一动作作主语(其实就是后面的动词不定式短语)时,“花费时间”用take。其句式结构为It takes sb.+时间段+to do sth.,其中it为形式主语,真正主语为动词不定式短语。再如:It took Tom half an hour to do his homework是正确的,而travelling形式是错误的。仔细观察答案C,尽管to travel形式正确,而spent意义的错误的。
考虑前后两个动词的形式及意义,得出结论,正确答案为D。
答案:D
4.It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.(改同义句)
Mary________ two weeks________ for the exam.
(2004·烟台市中考题)
赏析:该题目的考查目的与上例是相同的。
某事it作主语时用It took sb.+时间段+to do sth.表示,当某人作主语时,“某人花费时间干某事”表达为另一种句式:sb. spent+时间段+on sth.(in doing sth。
答案:spent,in,preparing或spent,getting,ready
5.Liu Ying told me________ for her at home.(2004·长春市中考题)
A. waits B. wait C. to wait D. waiting
赏析:本题考查的是动词不定式作宾语补足语tell sb. to do sth.结构。
英语句式中,常常出现ask sb. to so sth.,tell sb. to so sth.,order sb. to do sth.这种以动词不定式短语作宾语补足语的用法。其否定结构是ask sb. not to do sth.,tell sb. not to do sth.,即直接在动词不定式前加否定词not。
答案:C
典型例题
1.—Shall we go shopping now?
—Sorry, I can't. I ________ my shirts.
A.wash
B.washes
C.washed
D.am washing
(2004·北京)
2.—Shall we go on working?
—Yes,________ I prefer to have a rest.
A.When
B.if
C.because
D.though
(2004·江西)
3.—Would you like a bag of rice?
—Yes, I have ________ rice at home.
A.some
B.little
C.a little
(2004·四川)
4.You'd better not read today's newspaper because there is ________ in it.
A.something interesting
B.anything new
C.important thing
D.nothing special
(2004·沈阳)
5.—Could you tell me ________?
—About two weeks.
A.how often are we going to be away
B.how often we are going to be away
C.how long are we going to be away
D.how long we are going to be away
(2004·苏州)
答案与简析
1.D 在问句中出现了时间词“now”现在进行时态的标志,它表明了答句应用进行时态。
2.D 句意为“我们继续工作吗?”“是的,虽然我想休息一下。”用though表让步。
3.B “Yes'”表明想要,所以家中应是没有来了,应选一表否定的词,而some,a little表示一些。
4.D “You'd better not”不要做某事,据此可知报纸内容应是无聊的、普通的。A、C答案不符合题意,而B anything用于否定或疑问句中。
5.D 回答中“About two weeks.”为一段时间,提问应用“how long”,此外宾语从句语序为陈述句语序。 学习要点
本单元以生活中的互送礼物为切入点,引出表示建议的句型how about/what about/why not/why don't you及should的特殊疑问句,及对事物的品质进行比较,同时在section B中还涉及了正确对待宠物问题,从而养成良好的生活习惯。
Section A
1.should的用法
2.get的用法
3.建议句型what about/how about
4.too的用法
5.enough的用法
6.委婉建议why not/why don't you
7.what引导的感叹句
8.lucky的用法
Section B
1.usual的用法
2.年龄的表示方法
3.take care of及look after
4.a lot的用法
5.too?to?句式及其相反句式enough?to?
6.It's easy to do sth.及句式It's+形容词+to do sth.
Self check
1.fall asleep的用法及asleep
2.through“穿过”及across,over
3.too many和too much的区别
4.instead的用法及词组instead o f 话说“cat”的N种用法
v.cat---[口]呕吐
cat-and-dog adj. 好争吵的, 不和睦的
cat-and-mouse adj.折磨的, 虐待的
catcall n.似猫叫的声音; 剧场里喝倒采的口哨声[嘘声等]
cateyed adj.黑暗中能见物的
catface n.树或木材上由于火烧等所留下的疤痕
catfight n.激烈的争吵
catfoot n. 圆短如猫的脚
catfooted adj.象猫似的(悄悄走路); 偷偷摸摸的
cathead n.锚架
cat's-ear n.【植】猫耳草
cat's-eye n.猫眼石; (汽车等的)小型反光装置
cat-sleep n.打盹
cat's-paw n.被人利用的人 【航海】微风
A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命。(英国迷信, 指猫的生命力强)
A cat in gloves catches no mice. (=Muffled cats catch no mice.) [谚]带手套的猫捉不到耗子; 四肢不勤, 一事无成; 怕沾污手指的人做不出什么事。
A cat may look at a king. [谚]猫也可以看国王(指小人物也应有些权利)
a cat with nine lives 有九条命的猫; 富有生命力的人
agree like cats and dogs [口]像猫和狗一样合不来, 完全合不来
All cats are grey in the dark. (=At night all cats are grey; when candles are out, all cats are grey.) [谚]猫在暗中都是灰色; 黑暗中难分丑妍
(as) melancholy as a cat 非常忧郁
(as)sick as a cat 直想呕吐 病得厉害
as weak as a cat (=as weak as water) 身体非常虚弱
barber's cat 瘦弱的人, 面带饥色和病容的人
bear cat 熊猫 [口]大力士, 精力过人的人
blowing cat [美俚]爵士乐师
copy cat 盲目的模仿者
dead cat 猛烈的指责或攻击 [美俚](马戏团中)不肯表演的狮子
Dog my cats! [美俚]见鬼! 他妈的; 我可以赌咒!
enough to make a cat [horse] laugh 极其可笑; 让人笑掉大牙
enough to make a cat speak [口]令人惊讶; 事情太出奇
fat cat 美国政治运动的出资人, 捐献大宗政治款项的富人; 安于现状的懒汉; 以权谋私的人,享受特权的人
flog the cat [俚]作无益的追悔
Has the cat got your tongue? [口]猫把你的舌头叼去了吗?为什么不吭声?
Holy cats! [cow!] [口]哎呀! 好家伙! (表示强烈的惊讶, 愤怒或高兴)
It rains cats and dogs. 下倾盆大雨, 大雨滂沱
let the cat out of the bag说走了嘴, (无意中)泄露秘密
like a cat on hot bricks 局促不安, 如热锅上的蚂蚁
live like cat and dog [口]整天吵架
look like the cat after it had eaten the canary 带着洋洋得意的样子
put the cat among the canaries [口]惹出乱子, 引起轩然大波
teach the cat the way to the kirn [苏] 坏习惯易学难改
That cat won't jump. [美 fight][口]这一手行不通。
the big cats (=the Cats, the great Cats) 狮、虎、豹等
The cat did it.[口谑]是猫打破的; 不是我搞的。(推托责任的话)
The cat jumps.[口]形势清楚了。
The cat shuts its eyes when stealing cream.[谚]掩耳盗铃; 猫偷吃奶油的时候, 总是闭着眼睛。
The scalded cat fears cold water. [谚] 被烫过的猫, 连冷水也怕(一朝被蛇咬, 三年怕井绳)
Watch sb. as a cat watches a mouse. 象猫盯耗子般地盯着某人。
When the cat's away, the mice will play. [谚]猫儿不在,老鼠成精(大王外出, 小鬼跳粱)。
cats and dogs [美俚]价值低的股票, 杂物; 零星东西 猛烈地, 大量地(指大雨)【单元目标】
Ⅰ.单词与短语
suggestion choose enter advantage receive
besides comment encourage present trendy
special album personal instead mouse
perfect company asleep progress bench
Sweden native nearly
fall asleep 入睡
give away 赠送
rather than 胜于
hear of 听说
suggest v. 提议;建议
take an interest in 对……感兴趣
make friends with 与……交友
Ⅱ.目标句型:
1. What should I get for sb…?
2. How about sth./doing sth.?
3. How do you like sth.?
4. What about sth./doing sth.?
5. Why don’t you buy/get…?
6. Why not buy/get…?
7. They’re too expensive/cheap/personal…
8. Great!/Good idea!/OK…. I’ll get/buy…
9. My best gift is…
10. It’s good for sb. to…
11. It can make sb….
Ⅲ.重点句型
1. Why don’t sb. do sth.?
2. How about结构
3. too…to结构
【重难点分析】
1. Why don’t you do sth.?
这是给别人提建议,建议某人做什么事情的句型。
如:
Why don't we come more often? 咱们为什么不经常来这里呢?'
Why don’t you buy a book for your father? 给你爸爸买本书怎么样?
这个句子还可以写成Why not do…?
如:
Why not get her a camera? 为什么不给她买个相机呢?
这个句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。
如:
Why don’t you have a drink of tea? 请喝茶。= Why not have a drink of tea?
2. How/What about…? 表示“……怎么样/好吗?”
这个句型是询问听话这一方对某事物的看法或者意见。about是个介词,它后面要接名词或者doing。
如:
How about his playing football? 他足球踢得怎么样?
What about swimming with us? 和我们一起游泳怎么样?
How about her English? 她的英语怎样?
3. too…to,这个短语虽然是肯定的形式,但是表达的是否定的意思:“太…以至于(不能)…”。
如:
He is too old to work. 他太老了,不能工作了。
The box is too heavy for the little girl to carry. 这箱子太重,小女孩搬不动。
如在too前面或者后面有否定词not,则整个句子表达肯定。
如:
This question is not too difficult to answer. 这道题不太难回答。
He is too clever not to see that. 他很聪明,不会不懂这一点。
4. spend…on在…上花(时间或金钱)
如:
He spends a lot of money on books. 他花许多钱买书。
spend…(in) doing sth.花(时间或金钱等)做某事。
如:
The government will spend money looking after the patients. 政府要花钱去照料那些病人
英语中表“花费”的词语:
(l)spend的主语必须是“人”,宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。
如:
He spends much money on books.他平时将很多钱用在买书上。
He spent a lot of money(in)buying a new car.他花很多钱买了一辆新车。
(2)cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”,表示“费用”、“耗费”,后接life,money,health,time等,侧重于“花费”的代价。
如:
The book cost him one dollar.这本书用了他一美元。
It costs you 12 pounds to go to London by ship.乘船到伦敦要用12英镑。
(3)take表示“花费”时,其主语一般是“一件事”,有时主语也可以是人,它说明事情完成“花费了……”。
如:
It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到邮局用用了我十分钟时间。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house as big as that.买一座像那样的房子要花很多钱。
(4)pay的基本意思是“支付”,作为及物动词,宾语可以是“人”、“钱”,
如:
He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.他付了出租车的钱,急忙向车站赶去。
They had to pay two hundred francs.他得付一百法郎。
We'll pay you in a few days.几天后我会给你钱。
(5)pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”,for表示支付的原因。
如:You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。
注意:
下面两句中 pay for的意义不同。
Of course we have to pay for what we buy.当然我们买东西得付钱。
Don't worry about money;I'll pay for you.别担心钱,我会替你付的。学习重点难点:
1. How about … ?
What about … ?
这两种句式都可以用来向他人提出建议,表示“……怎么样?” “你认为……如何?”,后面连接名词或者动名词(动词ing形式)。
例如:
How about going to the movies? 去看电影怎么样?
What about a lovely dog? 一个可爱的小狗你认为如何?
2. Why don’t you …?
Why not …?
这两种句式都是反问语气,表示“为什么不……”,也可以用来向别人提出建议,后面连接动词原形。
例如:
Why don’t you go with us? = Why not go with us?
为何不跟我们一块呢?
3. What’s the best gift he/she has ever received? “他/她曾经收到的最好的礼物是什么?”
这里“he/she has ever received”是一个现在完成时的句子,充当gift的定语从句,省略从句引导词that。
4. compare v. 比较;相比
compare + 名 + with / to + 名
用于比较的情形时,通常用with, 用于比喻时常用to。
例如:
Compared with (to) her twin sister Jenny, Fanny is tall.
与她的孪生妹妹Jenny相比,Fanny高。
5. comment n. 评论;解释;说明
例如:
He made few comments on that movie. 对于那部电影他没说什么。
No comment! (对于询问)无可奉告!
6. personal adj. 私人的,个人的,亲自的,针对个人的
例如:
a personal letter 私人信件
personal opinions 个人意见
a personal interview 亲自会见
7. graduation n. 毕业;毕业典礼
graduate v. 毕业
例如:
After the graduation from college, he worked in a small company.
大学毕业后,他在一家小公司工作。
8. name v. 叫做;称作;取名
例如:
What are the parents going to name the baby?
那对父母打算给孩子取什么名字?
Emily was named after her grandmother.
Emily是以她奶奶的名字命名的。
9. too…to… 太……而不能……
例如:
George is too young to go to school.
乔治还太小,不能上学。
Grandpa is too old to read by himself.
爷爷太老了,不能自己读书看报了。
这一句型可用so…that…代替,而that后的从句多用否定句。
上面两个句子可换成:
George is so young that he can’t go to school.
Grandpa is so old that he can’t read by himself.
10. pro n 赞成;赞成的理由
con n. 反对,反对的理由
例如:
pro-American 亲美派
the pros and cons 正反两面的意见
11. much too “太,过于……”,修饰形容词副词
too much “太多……”,修饰不可数名词
too many “太多……”,修饰可数名词
例如:
The street is much too crowded. 大街上太挤了。
Don’t spend too much money on clothing. 不要花太多的钱在衣着上。
There are too many monkeys for me to count. 猴子太多,我数不过来。
12. present n.礼物
present指礼物的一般性用语,gift是稍正式的用法。另外,present还可以作为形容词,表示“现在的;出席的”。
这里有一首小诗介绍给大家:
Yesterday is a history,
Tomorrow is a mystery,
Only today is a gift,
That’s why it is called present.
日常生活用语(送礼物)
This is for you. 这是送给你的。
That's very nice of you. 太谢谢你啦。
Here's something for you. 这是送给你的。
I got this for you. 这是送给你的。
这是你的那份。
This is your share.
*share“(一个一个分开的)分成的份儿,分开”。
This is your portion.
This is your part.
This portion is for you.
过生日想要什么礼物?
What do you want for your birthday?
I want gloves. 我想要副手套。
噢,来喽!
Ta-dah!*把礼物等送到别人面前时的一种表达方式。
Here you are!(请收下。)
Here you have it! 书面表达
根据中文意思和英文提示词语,写出意思连贯、思路清晰的英语短文。所给英文提示词语必须都用上;中文提示内容不必逐句翻译。
提示:Lucy和Mary是好朋友。Lucy想送给Mary一件生日礼物,但商店里东西都很贵。Lucy最后决定为她做一张生日卡。
a birthday present;find;expensive;the words "Happy Birthday"
One possible version.
Lucy and Mary are good friends. Lucy wants to give Mary a birthday present. Yesterday afternoon she went to the shop, but found everything there was expensive. So she thought she should make a birthday card with the words "Happy Birthday!". She hope Mary will be happy when she gets it.
不定代词:(the indefinite pronoun)
不定代词是:不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。不定代词有:
some anybothalleitherneithernone
allotherothersanotheroneeachevery
fewa fewlittlea little
1. some ,any 一些(人或物)。any 还有“任何(人或物)”之意。
some一般用于陈述句,any 多用于否定句、疑问句;如:
Some of us can use computer.
Some say yes, and some say no.
The apples are nice. Do you have some?
Are any of them yours?
I don't know any of them.
2. both, all, either, neither, none
both:两者(都)..., all:所有的人(或物)
none没有人或物(三个人或物当中) ,用作单数
either:两者中任一个; neither: 两者中没有一个
both: 两者(都)...看做复数
如:Both of his parents are ill. 你们俩全对。(both 说明只有两人)
Both of them aren't very beautiful. (并不是他俩都漂亮)
either: 看作单数
如:Either of us may(情态动词) join the party. 你们(两人)中任何一个可以参加聚会。
Come to my home on Friday or Saturday. Either of them is ok.
周五或周六来我家吧。这两天中,哪天都行。
There's coffee or tea - you can(情态动词) have either (of them).
咖啡或茶──你可以任选一种。
neither: 两个人或物当中没有一个(用作单数)
如:Neither of the twins likes music. 这对双胞胎中没一个喜欢音乐。
--Which do you like, tea or milk? 茶和牛奶你喜欢哪一个?
--Neither. (两个当中任何)一个都不喜欢.
all: 所有的人(或物)三者或三者以上的全部,看做复数
如: All of the students are in Class 2.
I don't know all of people here.
none: 没有人或物(三个人或物当中或以上) ,既可以表示不可数的事物,也可以表示可数的事物和人,所以 none 可以看做单数,也可看作复数。
如: None of the telephones are working.
这些电话没一部能用。(从none来看,有三部以上的电话)
--How many colour pencils do you have?你有多少彩色铅笔?
--None.一支也没有。
3. other, others, the others, another,
other: 和the连用,指“两者中的另外一个”。One… the other…
如:I have two pens, one is red, the other is yellow.
another: 和other一样,都表示“另外一个”。但 other指两者中的“另外一个”;another则指“多者(至少三者)中”的另一个,且another前不可有任何修饰词。
如:My glass is broken. I have to change another .
One boy was reading; another was writing.(代词)
一个男孩在读书,另一个在写字。
others: 另外的人或物(代词,可作主语、宾语)其他的
如:
Think of others as well as yourself. (宾语)
不仅要想到自己,也要想到别人(其他人)。
I didn't buy many cakes. Could you get some others?(宾语)
我没有多买糕点,你有多余的吗?
the others: “其余的所有的人(或物)”ones, the others
如:I have three pens. One is red, the others are black.
I have two pens. One is red the other is black.
I have ten stamps(邮票). One is a Japanese stamp, the others are the American stamps.
I have two stamps(邮票). One is a Japanese stamp, the other is the American stamp.
John and the others are here. 约翰和其他人都在这儿。(作主语)
用法:
1.Sometimes she meets some parents.(定语)
2.Very often her husband helps her with some of the housework.(介宾)
3.Everybody says she is "an ideal wife and good mother."(主语,看作单数)
4.They usually have something substential.(宾语)
5.Do you know English? Yes, but just a little.(宾语)
6.Some people also drink a little wine. (定语)
7.We like parties and we have many friends.(定语)
8.Some of them are eating and some are standing.(主语)
9.It's just an ordinary one.(表语)
10.Look at the two boys on this side. One is standing on a desk.(主语)
复合不定代词
复合不定代词的构成
复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something(某事物), somebody(某人), someone(某人), anything(任何事物), anybody(任何人), anyone(任何人), nothing(没事物), nobody(没人), no one(没人), everything(一切事物), everybody(每个人), everyone(每个人) 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。
复合不定代词的指代对象
1、含-body和-one的复合代词只用来指人,含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同,可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些,多用于口语中,用-one时显得较文雅些,更常见于正式场合及书面语中。如:
Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房间哭。
No one/Nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的。
2、含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如:
Are you going to buy anything? 你会去买东西吗?
I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只听到了你的声音。
复合不定代词的属格
1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有-’s属格形式。如:
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.大家的事情没人管。
Is this anybody’s seat? 这儿有人坐吗?
2、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时,-’s属格应加在else之后。如:
Can you remember someone else’s name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗?
3、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-‘s属格形式。
复合不定代词的数
1、复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Is everyone here today? 今天,大家都到齐了吗?
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。
2、当要对一群人讲话时,可使用以复合不定代词作主语的祈使句,句中的动词用原形。如:
Nobody move!= Don’ anybody move! 都别动!
Everyone lie down! 统统趴下!
复合不定代词的替代问题
由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。
1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词,其代词应该是he/she, him/her,其-‘s属格形式的代词应该是his/her, his/hers。如:
Everyone has his/her own words. 每个人都有他(她)自己的说辞。
但是,这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性,所以为了避免这种别扭的情况,我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下。如:
No one gave you a ticket, did they? 没人给你票,是吗?
Someone came in, but I didn’t know who they were. 有人进来了,但我不知道是谁。
2、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词,不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性,因此我们就使用it。如:
Something goes wrong, doesn’t it?出问题了,是吗?
复合不定代词的定语
复合不定代词的定语必须后置,即放在复合不定代词的后面。如:
Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗?
Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗?
Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗?
含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别
由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词(即something和anything;someone和anyone;somebody和anybody)之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。
1、something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中,而anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。如:
He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。
Do you have anything to say ?你有话要说吗?
I can’t meet anybody on the island. 在岛上,我没遇见任何人。
2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词。如:
Would you like something to eat?要些吃的东西吗?
Isn’t there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗?
3、当anything表示“任何事(物),无论何事(物)”,anyone,anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。如:
Anything is OK. 什么都行。
Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。
复合不定代词的否定
1、“not every-”表示的是部分否定,意为“并非都,不都”。例如:
Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。
The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。
2、“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如:
He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听,但什么也没听到。
= He listened, but didn’t hear anything.
You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话,是吗?
= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?
复合不定代词作名词
复合不定代词可以充当名词用,表示“……的事情(东西或人)”。
1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody的意义是“重要人物,大人物”,everyone/everybody意为“最重要的人”,no one/nobody则意指“无关紧要的人,小人物”。例如:
2、something,anything的意义是“重要事情(东西)”,everything表示“最重要的事情(东西)”,nothing则指“毫无趣味的事情,无关紧要的东西”。
合与分的区别问题
1、 someone,anyone,everyone都只能指人,且不和介词of连用;some one,any one,every one则既可指人又可指物,可与介词of连用。例如:
Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。
---Which toy would you like? ---Any one is OK. ---你要那个玩具?---随便。
2、no one(=nobody)“没有人”,只用来指人,通常不和介词of连用;none“没有一个”,既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如:
No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。
None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的,我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。
回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one;回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。例如:
---Who was late ? ---No one. ---谁迟到了?---谁也没有迟到。
---How many pigs do you keep? ---None. ---你养几头猪?---一头也没养。
复合不定代词是由some,any,no,every加-body,-thing,-one构成,列表如下:
Somebody 某人
Someone 某人
Something 某物,某事
Anybody 任何人
Anyone 任何人
Anything 任何事物
Nobody 没有人
No one 没有人
Nothing 没有东西
Everybody 每人
Everyone 每人
Everything 一切
由于在使用中有比较特殊的习惯用法,是考试中比较常见的考点。现将常见的考试形式解析如下:
一:复合不定代词和部分否定
部分否定是考试中的热门考点,常表达的结构有两种:1:not+全部肯定词 2:助 动词+not+全部肯定词。其意都为“并非都,不都”。前者是一般形态,如:Not everyone likes English. 由于是基本概念,学生比较容易理解。但后者和一般否定句比较相似,容易引起学生判断上的疑惑,是出题的焦点。
1.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B: anything C. something D. nothing
分析:有同学看到I don’t agree就判断是否定句,选B, anything .这就是对句子理解出现了偏差。句意是:我同意你所说的大部分,但不是全部。是一句典型的部分否定形式。not…everythign 的结构表明“并非每件事”。所以正确答案是A. everyting 。
2. ----The exam was difficult, wasn’t it?
----No, but I don’t think ______ could pass it.
A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D everybody
分析:同上题一样,不能将I don’t think 简单得看成否定句而选B. anybody。 “not…everybody”构成部分否定,既“并非所有的人都能通过”。所以应该选D. everybody。
二:复合不定代词的定语位置
复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候,定语必须放在不定代词后面。特别是当修饰的定语比较复杂的情况下要认真分析,弄清词序间的修饰关系。
1. There is _____________ with your car.
A. nothing seriously wrong B. seriously wrong nothing
C. nothing wrong seriously D. wrong seriously nothing
分析: 首先,seriously副词修饰wrong 形容词,seriously wrong表示“严重损坏”,seriously wrong 修饰nothing, 放在nothing 后面,意思是“严重损坏的地方”,nothing seriously wrong , 所以答案是A。
2. He asked me if there was _____________ to read.
A. easy enough something B. enough easy something
C. something easy enough D. something enough easy
分析:副词enough 修饰形容词easy, 放easy后面,easy enough意思是“足够简单的”。easy enough 修饰不定代词something ,放something 后面。something easy enough意思是“足够简单的东西”,所以选择C。
三: 复合不定代词与定语从句中的关系代词
当复合不定代词由定语从句修饰的时候,考察的重点在关系代词的选择。当先行词为指物的不定代词的时候,关系代词为that,但something 后的关系代词既可以是that,也可以是which。 当先行词为指人的不定代词的时候,关系代词为who 或 that。 特别注意当关系代词在从句中充当宾语成分的时候可以省略,这也是考察的重点。
1. Finally, the thief handed everything _______ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
分析:D. 先行词everything在定语从句中做stolen的宾语,为指物的不定代词。
2. _______ breaks the rule should be punished.
A. Those who B. Who C. Anyone who D. The one
分析:C. 先行词anyone在定语从句中做主语。
3. Now let’s think of feedback as something ________.
A. that we should make to work for us B. we should make work for us
C. in which we should make work for us D. we should make for us in
分析:B. 先行词something在定语从句中做宾语,省去了关系代词。而A的错误在于make 后是不加to的。
四:复合不定代词与谓语的一致问题
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Everything that glittered is not gold.
Nothing except for a few books was left for him by his father.
五:复合不定代词间的用法区别:
1. 大家都知道,带some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句;而带any的复合不定代词常用在否定句,如:I have something important to tell you.
If there is anything wrong, please let me know.
但是,带some 的复合不定代词也可以用在表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求,建议,询问的疑问句中。如:Would you like ______ to eat?
A. something B anyting C. everything D nothing
显而易见,期待肯定回答,选A.
2. 带any的复合不定代词用在肯定句中带有“任何人,任何事”的意思。
Anyone who breaks the law will be thrown into prison.
As a teacher, I would do anything for my students.
特别要注意的是带any的复合不盯代词不能再用否定式。如:
Anything could not be seen in that dark room. (F)
要表达否定意思,只可以用对应的全部否定的词代替。如:
Nothing could be seen in that dark room.
3. 指人的复合不定代词合写与分开写,其意思和用法不同,以any为例。
anyone 仅指人 任何人,某人, 不和of连用
any one 即指人,也指物, 任何一个的意思 可以于of连用
Anyone can do the job.
Any one of us can do the job.
4. 一般情况下,用nothing 回答以what 开头的问题,nobody (no one) 回答who 开头的问题。
-----What’s on the table? ----- Nothing.
-----Who is in the classroom?-------- Nobody. ( No one).
六;在谚语中出现的复合不定代词
1. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人管等于没有人管。
2. Everybody’s friend is nobody’s friend. 每个人的朋友就不是任何人的朋友。
3. Everything is good for something. 是东西都有用处。
4. Everything has two sides. 事物都有两面性。
5. He who has no conscience has nothing. 没有良心的人一无所有。
6. Nothing succeeds like success. 一事成功,事事成功。
7. Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
8. Money isn’t everything. 钱不是万能的。
9. To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通,样样稀松。
10.Everything is good when new, but friends when old. 东西是新的好,朋友是老的好。