so…that意为“如此……以致”,引导表示结果的状语从句。so是副词,用以修饰其后的形容词或副词,说明其程度的大小。例如:
They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else.他们彼此相见,高兴得连别的什么事都忘了。
so…that句型中的that,在口语中常可以省去,其意思不变。例如:
The story was so funny it made everybody laugh.这故事太滑稽了,把大家都逗笑了。
so…that句型中的“so+形容词(副词)”可以提至句首,以加强语气,但要注意用倒装语序。例如:
So bright was the moon that flowers were bright as the day.在如此明亮的月光下,花儿像白天一样鲜艳。
“so…that”句型可以和“too…to”结构或“be+形容词+enough to do sth.”句型相互转换:
一、在so…that句型中,若主句和从句的主语一致,so所修饰的是形容词。
1.that从句为否定句时,可用“too…to”结构或“be not+形容词+enough to do sth.”句型,把so…that复合句转化成简单句。需要注意的是:“be not+形容词+enough to do sth.”中的形容词,应是so…that句型中形容词的反义词。例如:
His brother is so young that he can’t join the army.
→(1)His brother is too young to join the army.
→(2)His brother is not old enough to ioin the army.
他弟弟年龄还小,不能参军。
2.that从句若是肯定的,则用“be+形容词+enough to do sth.”把so…that复合句转化为简单句。例如:
The young man is so strong that he can carry the big box.
→The young man is strong enough to carry the big box.
那个年轻人很强壮,能扛动那只大箱子。
二、在so…that句型中,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,要转化为“too…to”结构,则在不定式前面加上由介词for引导的逻辑主语。例如:
The suit was so expensive that John couldn’t buy it.
→The suit was too expensive for John to buy.
这套西装太贵,约翰买不起。
值得注意的是:“too…to”结构中主语与动词不定式也可能存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,即句子的主语是动词不定式的宾语,因此,不定式中一般不能再带宾语。如上句中的it转换后应去掉。
三、so…that复合句也可以用so…as to转换成简单句。但要注意的是:只有在主句的主语和从句的主语一致的情况下才能进行这种转换。例如:
He ran so quickly that he won the race.
→He ran so quickly as to win the race.省略
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