爱华网2016年英语六级语法知识大全
2016年大学英语六级基础语法知识：指示代词
指示代词概说
表示"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。
指示代词有：this这个，that那个，these这些，those那些，it那个，这个，Such如此的，如此的事物，same同样的，同样的事物。
指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的功用
指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词，可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：
This is a plane，这是一架飞机。(作主语)
Oh，it’s not that.噢，问题不在那儿。(作表语)
How do you like these你喜欢这些吗(作宾语)
This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.这是一本关于中医的书。(作定语)
指示代词ins，these，that， those的其它用法
1).This (these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物，that(those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。如：
This is a sickle and that is an axe.这是一把镰刀，那是一把斧子。
These days are cold.这些天很冷。
In those days the poor people had a hard time.在那些日子里，穷人生活很苦。
2).有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a bad cold. That’s why I didn’t come.我伤风很厉害，所以我没有来。
Those two statements are not true.那两种说法是不真实的。
What I want to say is this：Pronunciation is very important in learning English.我所要说的是：语音在英语学习中非常重要。
chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words："A great life A glorious death"毛主席用下面的话表彰刘胡兰："生的伟大，死的光荣。"
3).有时为了避免重复提到过的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)
The county’s grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.这个县1987年的粮食产量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)
Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替television sets)
4).This和that有时作状语用，表示"程度"，意谓"这么"和"那么"。如：
The book is about this thick.那本书大约有这么厚。
I don’t want that much.我不要那么多。
It指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。
如：
Who is it――it’s me.是谁--是我。
Oh, it’s you，Lao Wang.哦，是你呀，老王。
2016年大学英语六级基础语法知识：情态动词
1、情态动词的完成式
1)must have done——表示对过去的事情较有把握
的、肯定性的推测，常译为“一定，准是，肯定”，其否定形式是can’t/couldn’thave done，意为“决不可能，不太可能”。
e.g. Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.
2)should/ought to have done——表示过去应该做的
却没有做，常含有后悔、责备、埋怨的口吻，意为“本应该”，“应该就好了”; e.g. With all the work finished, I should have gone to your birthday party last night.
3)shouldn’t/ought not to have done——表示过去不该
做的事却给做了，也常含有责备、不满之意，意为“本不该”。
e.g. You shouldn’t have gone back to work yesterday without the doctor’s permission.
4)may/might have done——表示对过去的事情的推
测，但不十分有把握，意为“可能，或许已经”。 e.g. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver may have been hurt.
5)could have done——表示过去有可能或有能力做某
事，而实际未做、未能实现的事;有时也表示轻度批评，意为“本来可以，完全可以”。 e.g. The gas leakage could have been avoided if the
gas company took immediate measures after the warning call.
6)needn’t have done——表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“其实没有必要”。 e.g. I needn’t have bought all that wine——only three people came.
2、可作情态动词用的短语
would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, cannot but, may/might as well
[例1]You all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A. needn’t have done B. must not have done
C. shouldn’t have done D. can’t have done
[例2]I to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.
A. ought to have written B. must have written
C. couldn’t have written D. needn’t have written
[例3]You those letters. Why didn’t you
A. should post B. must have posted
C. should have posted D. ought to post
2016年大学英语六级基础语法知识：非谓语动词
非谓语动词
1)动词不定式——只能接不定式做宾语的动词有：
decide, hope, learn, manage(打算), offer, prepare, agree, refuse, fail(未), pretend, happen(碰巧), promise, plan(打算，计划)
a) 测试作宾语时不定式带补语的结构
这种结构的常用动词有：find、think、consider、make等，基本句型是： v. + it + adj + to do
[例]Do you consider wise to ignore him
A. it is
B. it to be
C. it as being
D. it
b) 不定式在svoc句型中的应用
解题的关键是记住带不定式作宾语补足语的动词，如：ask、tell、allow、enable、expect、get、require、request、cause、urge、want、force、order等。
[例]They don’t allow in the library, but they allow people in the restroom.
A. to smoketo smoke B. smokingsmoking C. to smokesmoking D. smokingto smoke
c) 不定式作定语的用法
(1)与其他非谓语形式或谓语形式的区别
[例]The question tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.
A. to be debated
B. debates
C. debating
D. debated
(2)介词的使用
[例]The boy’s father bought him a large toy train .
A. which to play with B. to play with it C. to play with D. at which to play
d) 不定式的时态、语态
不定式完成时表示不定式动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，不定式被动语态表示不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者，be soory、be glad、seem或say、find、hear、report等动词的被动语态后加不定式完成时态较为常见。
[例1]The new power station is reported within three years.
A. to have completed
B. to have been completed
C. having been completed
D. to complete
[例2]Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do.
A. to be given
B. to be giving C. to have given
D. having given
e) 不定式作状语
[例1]The police inspector spoke to the little girl kindlt her.
A. not to frighten
B. in order to not frighten
C. so as not to frighten
D. so not as to frighten
[例2]He moved away from his parents, and missed them_____ enjoy the exciting life in New York. A. too much to
B. enough to C. very much to
D. much so as to
2)动名词
a) 只能接动名词做宾语的动词有：
miss, mind, enjoy, suggest, practise, persist, quit, admit, appreciate, deny, escape, complete, fulfil, acknowledge, favour, delay, postpone, finish, avoid, prevent, recall, recollect, risk, consider
b) 只能接动名词的一些常用句型结构： It’s no good/use/fun (in) doing sth
There is no need/point/use/sense (in) doing sth. be busy/be worth doing sth.
have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth
spend/waste time (in) doing sth can’t help doing sth
confess to, object to, be opposed to, look forward to, contribute to, be used to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, lead to, refer to, equal to, stick to, belong to, thanks to, be accustomed to doing sth
c) 既可接动名词又可接动词不定式做宾语的有：
① 接动词不定式和动名词作宾语而意义差别不大的动词：love, like, dislike, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, propose, etc.
② 可跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语但意义有差别的动词：歧义动词中已讲。
③ need, want, require, deserve + 动名词/+不定式被动态，表被动意义。
The pencil needs sharpening.(to be sharpened)
[例1]Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy for her examination.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. to be prepared
D. being prepared
[例2]I appreciate to your home.
A. to be invited
B. to have invited
C. having invited
D. being invited
2016年大学英语六级基础语法知识：平行结构
平行结构
1、连词连接的平行结构
1)并列连词and.but.as well as.or else,both and.either or,neither
nor.not only but also,whether or,rather than等以及从属连词than均可连接平行结构。
e.g Shs is a beautiful and elegant woman.她是一位美丽而优雅的女子。
2)连接的非谓语动词形式一致
e.g Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.
有人觉得游戏远比坐在家里读书有趣。
3)连接的谓语形式一致
e.g This is the lady who listens to the poor and ministers to their wants.
这就是那位能倾听穷人意见并照顾他们需要的女士
